Russian History. Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s
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1 Russian History Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s
2 Outline Russia Lecture #1 Ancient Russia Settlement of Russia Yaroslav the Wise Mongol Invasion of Russia Retaking Russia Ivan the Great Ivan the Terrible Romanov Dynasty Peter the Great Catherine the Great
3 Ancient Russia 850 A.D. Russia settled by Scandinavians People from Norway, Sweden, Finland Main city is Novgorod Major Rulers: Oleg Vladimir I
4 Map of Russia ( A.D.)
5 Yaroslav the Wise (1030 A.D.) Made written laws Encouraged Artists Made alliances with other states Divided the country up among his children when he died
6 Map of Russia (1235)
7 Invasion of Mongols (1237) Most of Russia conquered by Mongols States forced to pay tribute to Mongols Mongols control Russia for next 200 years City of Novgorod remains in Russian control
8 Ivan the Great (1480) Leads rebellion against the Mongols Freed Russian cities from Mongol control
9 Ivan the Terrible (1533) Becomes Tsar of Russia as a 3 yr.old Expanded Russian land into Siberia Attacked his own followers if they displeased him (including his own son)
10 Romanov Dynasty Rules Russia until end of World War I Michael Romanov elected in 1613
11 Peter the Great (1689) Moved capital to St. Petersburg Made Russia more like Europe Military Technology Clothing (even facial hair!) Laws Established feudal system in Russia
12 Catherine the Great ( ) Encouraged museums, new buildings, libraries Believed in equality, but treated the poor badly Very good at foreign policy Expanded Russian borders
13 Russian History Lecture #2 Napoleon's Invasion Russian Revolution
14 Outline Russia Lecture #2 Napoleon's Invasion of Russia Feudal System and Serfdom Russo-Japanese War World War I Russian Revolution
15 Napoleon Invades Russia Who was Napoleon? Emperor of France Conquered nearly all of Europe Why he invaded Russia? To teach other countries a lesson Result? Disastrous defeat for Napoleon
16 Napoleon s Defeat Russian s would not fight Scorched Earth tactics French supply lines too long Russian winters too cold Russian army blocked retreat French Army Invading Russia French Army Retreating From Russia French Army Making it Home 650,000 40,000 10,000
17 Feudal System (Serfdom) 3 classes of people Ruling class Tsar and family Nobles Land owners, Barons & Knights Need serfs to work the land Serfs (peasants) Land workers (farmers) Need nobles to protect them from invaders, criminals
18 Problems with Feudal System World was changing Western culture had given up on the feudal system Russia becoming more industrial Serfs no longer need protection Serfs in Russia given freedom in 1860, but Worker s lives did not improve
19 Map of Russia
20 Russo-Japanese War ( ) Russia expanded borders east to Pacific Ocean (Vladivostok) Japanese expanding West towards Russia Russia is defeated Russian people demoralized, hungry, poorer than ever
21 World War I (1914) After Russo-Japanese War, Russian working class tired of war Not prepared for war Russia could not avoid WWI alliances
22 Russian Revolution (1917) Working class upset about another costly war Economy is collapsing Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne New government formed Lead by Bolshevik (Worker s) political party and Vladimir Lenin Changes? Bolsheviks become Communist Party Russia quits WWI All people declared equal Peasants seize land from the rich, give it back, to EVERYONE!
23 Russian History Lecture #3 Cold War Background & Beginnings
24 Outline Russia Lecture #3 Early Cold War Background Beliefs Aims Resentments about History Events
25 Early Cold War - Background What is a Cold War? A struggle to limit and oppose the power of your opponent Everything short of open warfare (a hot war )
26
27 Major Players in the Cold War United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt (dies in 1945) President Harry Truman Great Britain Prime Minister Winston Churchill Russia (a.k.a. Soviet Union, USSR) Secretary General Josef Stalin
28 Causes of the Cold War
29 BELIEFS Soviet Union Communist Dictatorship What is communism? What is a dictatorship? United States Capitalist Democracy What is capitalism? What is democracy?
30 AIMS Stalin wants large reparations from Germany and a buffer zone of friendly states to protect Russia from future invasions USA and Great Britain want to protect democracy and help Germany recover from WWII Worried that large areas of Eastern Europe would become communist What happens to countries that are poor and controlled by dictators?
31 RESENTMENT About History Soviet Union Could not forget that USA and Great Britain tried to interfere in the Russian Revolution Believed USA and Great Britain waited too long to enter WWII Great Britain & USA Could not forget that Russia pulled out of WWI after Russia Revolution Could not forget (or forgive!) that Stalin signed Non-Aggression Pact with Hitler in 1939.
32
33 Events Yalta Conference USA Atomic Bomb Iron Curtain Speech Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO formed Berlin Blockade Soviet Atomic Bomb Korean War Warsaw Pact Vietnam War Sputnik Launched Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall built JFK Assassination USA Moon landing End of Cold War events
34
35 Russian History Lecture #4 Cold War Events
36 Events of the Cold War Yalta Conference USA Atomic Bomb Iron Curtain Speech Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO formed Berlin Blockade Soviet Atomic Bomb Korean War Warsaw Pact Vietnam War Sputnik Launched Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall built JFK Assassination USA Moon landing End of Cold War events
37 Yalta Conference Deciding what to do with Germany after WWII Decision: Spilt Germany into 4 areas of control
38 Berlin Also Divided Same control structure as rest of Germany
39 USA Drops Atomic Bomb on Japan 220,000 Japanese killed in 3 days Russians worried that next bomb will be dropped on them
40 Iron Curtain Speech Winston Churchill Tells Stalin, We re watching you Says that USA has a DUTY to spread democracy around the world Speech
41 1947 Truman Doctrine Containment of Communism Wants to stop the spread of communism to new countries
42 1947 Marshall Plan Giving money and supplies to countries in the world (mostly Europe) that reject communism
43 NATO Formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance An attack on any NATO country will be treated as an attack on all NATO countries especially against USA
44 1948 Berlin Blockade (until 1949) Stalin cuts off Berlin from the west USA flies supplies into Berlin One plane landing every 90 seconds for 1 year
45 1949 Soviets explode Atomic Bomb USA no longer the only Nuclear Power in the world Creates a shift in world power
46 Korean War Soviet Union controls/influences communist North Korea USA controls/influences democratic South Korea 1953 No clear winner 1950
47 Warsaw Pact Counter move to NATO Soviet Union creates buffer zone of Eastern European countries Any attack on Warsaw country is an attack on Russia
48 1957 Sputnik Launched Part I of the Space Race Soviet Union launches first satellite to orbit the Earth USA is embarrassed Students must now take more math & science classes
49 1961 Soviets Send Man to Space Part II of the Space Race Soviet Union sends first man into space Yuri Gagarin, first man in space
50 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion Communist Fidel Castro leads Cuba USA wants to remove Castro Major failure and embarrassment for USA
51 1961 Berlin Wall built Soviet Union closes access to East Berlin Brain Drain from East Berlin to West Berlin
52 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Most tense moment of Cold War Soviet Union places nuclear missiles in Cuba, 90 miles from USA USA cannot except this 13 days of really REALLY REALLY tense negotiations
53 1963 JFK Assassination Most people believe JFK killed by the Soviet Union President Johnson almost declares war on Soviet Union in retaliation
54 Vietnam Conflict Soviet Union controls/influences communist North Vietnam USA controls/influences democratic South Vietnam No clear winner, but USA comes out as the loser
55 1969 USA Lands on the Moon Part III of the Space Race Neil Armstrong first man on the moon
56 End of the Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev Glasnost openness Perestroika - restructuring 1989 Berlin Wall falls 1991 Soviet Union breaks apart Many new countries
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