unit 4: The Cold War

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "unit 4: The Cold War"

Transcription

1 unit 4: The Cold War Vocabulary & Important People 1. Cold War: the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to Harry Truman: the President of the United states at the beginning of the cold war; his term in office ended in 1953 when he was followed. 3. George Marshall: Secretary of State in the United States. Creator of the Marshall Plan [see Vocab #7]. 4. The Soviet Bloc [Seven Soviet Satellites]: 7 countries that were occupied by the Soviets that, together, cut Russia off from the rest of Europe. 5. Churchill's "Iron Curtain" Speech: a speech given in Missouri, USA in March, 1946, by the leader of Britain that described how the Soviets were, basically, up to no good, as they had invaded the Seven Soviet Satellites. This speech had a great impact on America as the people were shocked that their former ally (from WWII - they joined to stop Hitler) was now becoming an enemy, and that Truman's "get tough" approach was the right one to take. It was this speech, along with Stalin's "Two Hostile Camps" Speech that is argued to have begun the tensions that led to the Cold War as they revealed the deterioration of the relationship between the two powers. 6. Stalin's "Two Hostile Camps" Speech: a speech given by the leader of communist Russia to voters in Moscow in February, 1946, stating that the world had now divided into two distinct groups; the Communists, and the Democratic Capitalists. He felt that because of the distinctiveness of these two groups, war was inevitable. This had an impact on the Soviets, as they now saw the other group as an enemy, and American's were worried that war may indeed be inevitable. It was this speech, along with Churchill's "Iron Curtain" Speech that is argued to have begun the tensions that led to the Cold War as they revealed the deterioration of the relationship between the two powers. 7. Containment (1947): this was the defensive American policy with the goal to contain communism (not allow it to spread to other countries); it was hoped that perhaps communism may fall with the loss of support from the super-country (USA), or, at the very least, would stay where it was and not interfere with the democratic capitalist progression. America believed in the domino effect - if one small country is taken over by communists, then so will another, and 28

2 another, and soon communism will try and take the world. There were many movements and groups formed that relate to the policy of containment: o Trading and Treaties: The Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan: a plan developed by George Marshall in 1947 that offered to aid all countries (including those in the Soviet Bloc at the time) that were devastated by war. America would agree to trade with these countries through import and export, and exchange these countries would have to agree to NEVER consider practising communism (although they did NOT necessarily have to practice democracy or capitalism - for example, some were dictatorships - as long as they weren't communist). This plan was created in order to prevent the spread of communism by lending a hand to these struggling countries before they had a chance to turn to communism. Between 1948 and 1952, European countries accepted over $13 billion in aid, which resulted in political and economic stability for both Europe and the USA. Truman Doctrine: overall, it is the policy of fighting communism around the world as was introduced by Truman in Similar to the Marshall Plan, however includes a military agreement. If any countries were in need of military aid to fight off communism, it would be provided to them both in finances, and in soldiers. Truman gave a speech that was designed to get support for an American pledge of hundreds of millions of dollars to prevent the spread of communism in Europe. Molotov Plan: in response to the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, this system was created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union. Like America, they also offered aid to countries who agree to practice communism. o Alliances: NATO and the Warsaw Pact. NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization]: In April 1949 was established, led by the United States it brought 12 countries together to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet bloc countries. An attack on one country would be an attack against all. NATO indicated the West s intent to meet Soviet expansion with collective resistance. Warsaw Pact: in reaction to the formation of NATO, a treaty of mutual defense and military aid was signed at Warsaw on May 14, 1955, by communist states of Europe under Soviet influence, in response to the admission of West Germany to NATO. The pact was dissolved in o Germany (Berlin) Conflicts: Splitting of Germany and Berlin (Airlift, Blockade and Wall) Splitting of Germany & Berlin: after World War II, Germany was taken under control by four powers: France, America, Britain, and Russia (The first three later joining to create West Germany [The Federal Republic of Germany] in May 1948; Russia then becoming East Germany [German Democratic Republic] in October 1948). While Berlin was located completely within the Soviet zone, because of its symbolic importance as the nation's capital and seat of the former Nazi 29

3 - government, the city of Berlin was jointly occupied by the Allied powers and subdivided into the same sectors that later came down to West Berlin (capitalist) and East Berlin (communist). Berlin Blockade: when, in 1948, the Soviets cut off all links from East Berlin (communist) to West Berlin (capitalist). This included the railway, canal, and roads. The hope of the Soviets was to make West Berlin desperate enough to join with the East under communism. The Western Powers then responded with the Berlin Airlift. Berlin Airlift: Britain and the U.S. responded to the blockade with a massive airlift, meaning, they flew in all the supplies needed by West Germany by plane. 24 hours a day for 11 months thousands of tonnes of supplies were flown into West Germany until the Soviets lifted the Blockade, as it was pointless - the Americans had found a way around it. By standing up to the Soviets in reacting this way during the Blockade, the West demonstrated their resolve to stand up to the Soviets. The blockade strengthened the West s ties to West Germany, however heightened tensions towards the East - the Soviets then left the United Nations in Berlin Wall: A fortified and heavily guarded wall built on the boundary between East and West Berlin in 1961 by the communist authorities, chiefly to curb the flow of East Germans to the West. It was opened in November 1989 after the collapse of the communist regime in East Germany and subsequently was dismantled (as a result with the collapse of Communist Russia - Vocab #15). 8. Uniting for Peace Resolution: a resolution from the U.N. (United Nations) that gave the General Assembly power to deal with issues of international aggression if the security Council is deadlocked Veto: The right to reject a proposal or forbid an action by a law-making body (ie. a government). - 30

4 10. Korean War: a war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations from o General MacArthur: a celebrated General in the American Army from WWI and WWI; however, his reputation diminished in Korea as he pushed past the 38th parallel after successfully restoring Southern Korea to its original state. He was relieved of his duties in 1951 by Truman for this act. Below are the main points of the History of the Korean War: After WWII, the once Japanese controlled Korea was divided into North Korea (of the Soviets) and South Korea (Americans), divided at the 38th parallel. It was planned to later reunite them, however, like Vietnam and Germany, that never happened, and the nations instead adopted the political systems of those with control over them. Both Korean governments claimed to speak for all Korea as each leader wanted to unify the country under his rule. Neither country could gain admission into the UN because each was vetoed by the opposing superpower. The North and the South became more deeply divided and increasingly hostile. War broke out in June 1950 when Northern forces crossed the 38th parallel and invaded the South. Truman promised American military support against any act of communist expansion in Asia. The U.S introduced the Uniting for Peace Resolution at the U.N., demanding that the North withdraw from the South. It was agreed that something should be done about this, and the Soviets couldn't argue with it because they had drawn out of the U.N. (because of an issue concerning U.N. representatives from China). With the Soviets out the U.N., the Security Council approved military action against the North ONLY to restore the South. This marked the first time the U.N. ever fought as one united force - an army united from all U.N. countries, led by the United States. Early in the war the North had many successes, but then the American led UN forces successfully counter-attacked in a risky manoeuvre developed by MacArthur. MacArthur pursued the North Koreans across the 38th parallel, and wanted to go further, even into China. However, President Truman (not wanting a WWIII) ordered him to halt as the UN resolution only gave them authority to restore South Korea. For the rest of the war the battle lines shifted back and forth as a stalemate developed. In July 1953 a truce was reached the country remained divided at the 38th parallel. To this day, the nations are still technically at war, although there is no fighting. 31

5 The Korean War demonstrated the United Nations strength and limitations as a peacekeeping organization. It was involved in Korea because the U.S. decided it should be and the Soviets were not in a position to use its veto. Finally we saw how effective the U.N. could be when collective action is taken. The Korean War is a better example of American containment, rather than U.N. peacekeeping, for FIVE reasons: 1. If it was for peacekeeping, they would have stopped at the 38th parallel 2. MacArthur was heavily in charge and he was an American concerned about containment. 3. Truman was also heavily in charge, and he was also an American concerned about containment. 4. All troops were either American, or allies of the Americans. 5. The equipment was almost all American. 11. Vietnam War: a prolonged war ( ) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States. o Viet Cong: communists in South Vietnam who opposed the Diem (capitalist) government of the South. They were like an underground army fighting for the North, hidden amongst everyday people. o Viet Minh: Vietnamese nationalists who fought against the Japanese and French for Vietnam s independence. o Ho Chi Minh: leader of communist North Vietnam during the war. o Ho Chi Minh Trail: a trail, named after the nation s leader, whereby the Viet Cong and other communist fights could travel through neutral countries to enter South Korea at many points the entire length of the nation. This trail was patrolled by the American's, and was considered extremely dangerous as the Viet Cong looked like ordinary people, but yet would try and kill the soldiers unexpectedly. Below are the main points of the History of the Vietnam War: In 1953 a rebel group led by Ho Chi Minh overthrew the French dictator in control at the time, forcing France to lose control of the region. It was agreed at a peace conference to divide Vietnam at the 17th parallel until elections could be held to reunite the country. Ho Chi Minh established communism in the North. Diem (emerging leader in South Vietnam) established an anti-communist government with the help of America. Diem would not allow free elections, so a Southern underground communist group that was currently not in power started receiving support from the North to try and overthrow the Southern government (Viet Cong). 32

6 The U.S. became involved following the policy of containment. From 1960 to 1965, the U.S. sent troops to Vietnam. After the U.S. became involved, the communists were pushed back into the North. However, after they left in 1975 (because the war extremely unpopular in the public opinion of the U.S.A.), North Vietnam occupied the South, uniting the country under communism. More than a million Vietnamese were killed. The economies of the North and South were drained from the fighting, and the Americans failed in containing communism. The war proved that containment through military force was unworkable and that American military power was not invincible. Americans were divided over the war: anti-war protests, demonstrations often became violent, public burning of draft cards and American flags, and tens of thousands of Americans fled to Canada. The Vietnam War undermined the trust of Americans in their government, politicians and country. 57,000 Americans were killed; another 300,000 were wounded, and 2500 were listed as Missing in Action. Another 50,000 have committed suicide and larger numbers have battled substance abuse since returning home. Financially the U.S. spent $150 billion on the war effort. American prestige, popularity and support were diminished in many nations. 12. Cuban Missile Crisis: An international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the US and the Soviet Union. When the US discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the US demands a week later. Below is an excerpt from Mr. Cowley's notes, listing the events that took place in Cuba: o The island of Cuba, 150 Km off the coast of Florida, had long been in the American sphere of influence; most of the wealth in Cuba belonged to American businesses. The U.S. supported Cuba s corrupt dictator, Batista, while the people lived in poverty. o In 1959 a young socialist named Fidel Castro overthrew Batista and took. Castro wanted to regain control of Cuba s economy, for Cubans; therefore he nationalized all privately owned businesses. o American investors were outraged (having lost approximately 1 billion dollars), and as a result President Eisenhower imposed a trade ban that continues to this day. o Castro succeeded in creating a first class health care and public education system. However his socialist policies pitted him against the United States. 33

7 o Castro s nationalization of American businesses resulted in souring Cuban-American relations. In need of economic and military support Castro found a friend in the Soviets who bought huge quantities of Cuban sugar and shipped military weapons to Cuba. o Threats from the U.S. and economic pressure pushed Cuba closer to the Soviets. o In April 1961 a small army of Cuban exiles, trained by the American CIA invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. The invasion failed as the invaders were quickly defeated, more importantly the invasion strengthened Cuba s ties to the Soviets. o In October 1962 American spy planes revealed that the Soviets were building missile bases in Cuba that could be used to launch nuclear weapons at the U.S. A nuclear war seemed likely. o President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba in order to keep supplies needed to complete the missile bases from reaching Cuba. Kennedy secretly sent his brother to meet with the Soviet Ambassador to the U.S. to present an ultimatum to the Soviets. o Remove the missiles by the following day or the U.S. would remove them by force. In return Kennedy guaranteed that the U.S. would not invade Cuba and that the U.S. would remove missiles, aimed at the USSR, in Turkey. o The crisis was over and both sides realized there could be no victory in a nuclear war. The crisis also demonstrated the need for better communication between the two countries as a result the famous hotline was established. 13. Détente: the relaxation of international tensions, specifically between the Soviets and Americans in the 1970's. 14. Ronald Reagan: Reagan: 40th President of the United States, who became president in 1981 in the middle of the Cold War. Star Wars: Strategic Defence Initiative, U.S. plan to destroy Soviet satellites and missiles while in flight. The US wanted to arm their satellites, which made because wonder, "Isn't that kind of like that movie that just came out, Star Wars?" 15. Gorbachev: became leader of the soviet Union in That same year, he introduced a large number of peace reforms with the rest of Europe which lead to the restoration of peace (ie. began the restoration of Germany [The Berlin Wall]); considered younger, better educated and open minded compared to previous Soviet leaders. He introduced the following two policie s which led to the downfall of collapse of Communist Russia and the Seven Soviet Satellites: Perestroika ("Restructuring"): the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. 34

8 Started by Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency. Gorbachev identified the fact that the greatest threat to the Soviets was not an attack from the west, but rather the deterioration of their economy within the communist system. In the attempts to spread communism, the economy had been drained in military efforts. Gorbachev tried to combat this by leaning the economy towards a free market, however it backfired. Without the government support of communism, the prices of food and good sky-rocketed and supply levels depleted by 1990; as the economy worsened, so did living conditions: crime swept the country, health care unraveled, infant mortality rates rose and life expectancy declined, pollution levels created health hazards, alcoholism became the third most common cause of death. Glasnost ("Openness"): a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems, initiated by Gorbachev. However, this also backfired: with the freedom glasnost, people who felt Gorbachev was not moving fast enough to bring changes to the USSR began to criticize him. At the same time old hard line communists opposed Gorbachev feeling he had already gone to far with reforms. Gorbachev feel from power, and the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 (end of Communism in Russia) into it's original nations. By this time, as well, the Seven Soviet Satellites had already thrown over their communist leaders. THIS MARKED THE END OF THE COLD WAR. 35

9 Important Points Much of this is explained or can be assumed from the vocabulary, but below are summaries of key causes of the end of the Cold War that should be reviewed. End Of The Cold War o The two main factors that ended the Cold War are: The Soviet Union s withdrawal from Eastern Europe led to the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. The reunification of Germany in 1990 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 ended the Cold War. o It ended quietly, rather than with nuclear war (as many had feared). However the new world order would bring new threats such as international terrorism. Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe Until 1985 the typical Soviet-American approach to international security was to talk about peace while continuing to increase their nuclear stockpile of weapons. Gorbachev changed this in 1985 with a series of peace initiatives: - He challenged the West to stop the arms race - At the U.N. he announced a reduction in Soviet armed forces, including a substantial number in Eastern Europe. - In 1988 the Soviets began withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. - Arms talks that began with U.S. in 1986 led to agreements to destroy intermediate & short range nuclear missiles. - In 1989 he had FREE elections in the Soviet Union. For the satellite states in Eastern Europe, events in the Soviet Union led to the destruction of the communist system. Eager to seize the opportunity, countries in Eastern Europe began to claim their independence after 40 years of Soviet control. Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland rejected communism and introduced democracy and capitalism. Romania*, Bulgaria* and Albania* have all retained communism. Yugoslavia* rejected communism but plunged into civil war. *Each of these countries has either changed to democracy and capitalism or is in the process. Re-Unification of Germany The Berlin Wall symbolized the division of the world into opposing Cold War camps. On November 10, 1989 the world watched as East and West Berliners using sledgehammers demolished this wall. This event (more than any other) signified the end of the Cold War. The division of Germany had always been a central issue of the Cold War. When Gorbachev withdrew Soviet support from the East German communist government, in 1985, hopes of reunification grew. East Germans demonstrated for reform and as discontent grew the hard-line Communist leader was forced out of office for a more reform minded leader. This lead to the fall of the Berlin Wall. The leader of West 36

10 Germany, Helmut Kohl, proposed unification on the condition that East Germany holds free elections. The East German government was lukewarm in its response, however realizing they could no longer maintain power, free elections were held the next year. The East German people voted for a government that supported reunification. In July 1990, Kohl met with Gorbachev to remove Soviet objections to German reunification (Germany agreed to pay $9.5 billion to remove Soviet troops). On Sept. 12 the four nations that divided Germany at the end of WWII (France, USA, Britain, and the Soviets) signed a reunification treaty. East and West Germany were reunited on October 3,

Unit 4 Notes - The Cold War

Unit 4 Notes - The Cold War Unit 4 Notes - The Cold War 4.1.1 Cold War: The period following WWII, 1945 to 1990, when increasing diplomatic and political tension between the West / United States and the East /Soviet Union created

More information

THE IRON CURTAIN. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill

THE IRON CURTAIN. From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent. - Winston Churchill COLD WAR 1945-1991 1. The Soviet Union drove the Germans back across Eastern Europe. 2. They occupied several countries along it s western border and considered them a necessary buffer or wall of protection

More information

Unit 7: The Cold War

Unit 7: The Cold War Unit 7: The Cold War Standard 7-5 Goal: The student will demonstrate an understanding of international developments during the Cold War era. Vocabulary 7-5.1 OCCUPIED 7-5.2 UNITED NATIONS NORTH ATLANTIC

More information

The Cold War Begins. After WWII

The Cold War Begins. After WWII The Cold War Begins After WWII After WWII the US and the USSR emerged as the world s two. Although allies during WWII distrust between the communist USSR and the democratic US led to the. Cold War tension

More information

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War

The Cold War. Origins - Korean War The Cold War Origins - Korean War What is a Cold War? WW II left two nations of almost equal strength but differing goals Cold War A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of direct

More information

Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? THE COLD WAR ( )

Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? THE COLD WAR ( ) THE Write 3 words you think of when you hear Cold War? COLD WAR (1948-1989) ORIGINS of the Cold War: (1945-1948) Tension or rivalry but NO FIGHTING between the United States and the Soviet Union This rivalry

More information

Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off. Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII?

Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off. Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII? Chapter 17 Lesson 1: Two Superpowers Face Off Essential Question: Why did tension between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R increase after WWII? Post WWII Big Three meet in Yalta Divide Germany into 4 zones (U.S.,

More information

EOC Test Preparation: The Cold War Era

EOC Test Preparation: The Cold War Era EOC Test Preparation: The Cold War Era Conflict in Europe Following WWII, tensions were running high between western Allies and USSR US and Great Britain: Allies should not occupy territories they conquered

More information

Name Period Cold War Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also

Name Period Cold War Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also Name Period Cold War 1945-1989 Germany Divided into zones of occupation; also Japan by U.S. troops Industries re-built with modern Korea into zones of occupation (USSR and US) Boundary is parallel (38

More information

Modern World History Spring Final Exam 09

Modern World History Spring Final Exam 09 1. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan? A. to provide aid to European countries damaged by World War II B. to protect member nations against Soviet Union aggression C. to protect the United States economically

More information

THE COLD WAR ( )

THE COLD WAR ( ) THE COLD WAR (1948-1989) ORIGINS of the Cold War: (1945-1948) Tension or rivalry but NO FIGHTING between the United States and the Soviet Union This rivalry divided the world into two teams (capitalism

More information

Europe and North America Section 1

Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Europe and North America Section 1 Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps. Europe and North America Section

More information

Cold War. A war of words between countries. There is no actual fighting.

Cold War. A war of words between countries. There is no actual fighting. Cold War Era Cold War A war of words between countries. There is no actual fighting. Iron Curtain The term Winston Churchill used to describe the communist countries in Europe Yalta Conference a conference

More information

Chapter 33 Summary/Notes

Chapter 33 Summary/Notes Chapter 33 Summary/Notes Unit 8 Perspectives on the Present Chapter 33 Section 1. The Cold War Superpowers Face off We learned about the end of WWII. Now we learn about tensions that followed the war.

More information

The end of WWII caused major changes:

The end of WWII caused major changes: The Cold War The end of WWII caused major changes: 1. Europe is no longer the world s dominant power The USA and the USSR have become superpowers. 2. The world has entered...the nuclear age Tension was

More information

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

World History (Survey) Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present World History (Survey) Chapter 33: Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Section 1: Two Superpowers Face Off The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February

More information

the Cold War The Cold War would dominate global affairs from 1945 until the breakup of the USSR in 1991

the Cold War The Cold War would dominate global affairs from 1945 until the breakup of the USSR in 1991 U.S vs. U.S.S.R. ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR After being Allies during WWII, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. soon viewed each other with increasing suspicion Their political differences created a climate of icy tension

More information

Communism. Soviet Union government State (government) controls everything Opposite of democracy and capitalism (USA)

Communism. Soviet Union government State (government) controls everything Opposite of democracy and capitalism (USA) Cold War VS Communism Soviet Union government State (government) controls everything Opposite of democracy and capitalism (USA) United Nations (UN) Started with 50 member countries Created to promote peace

More information

World History Chapter 23 Page Reading Outline

World History Chapter 23 Page Reading Outline World History Chapter 23 Page 601-632 Reading Outline The Cold War Era: Iron Curtain: a phrased coined by Winston Churchill at the end of World War I when her foresaw of the impending danger Russia would

More information

Introduction to the Cold War

Introduction to the Cold War Introduction to the Cold War What is the Cold War? The Cold War is the conflict that existed between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It is called cold because the two sides never

More information

Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided

Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided Cold War 1945-1989 Germany Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided Japan Occupied by U.S. troops Demilitarized Industries re-built with modern machinery Divided into 2 zones of occupation

More information

ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES

ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES Cold War: Super Powers Face Off ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES What caused the Cold War? The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February 1945, they agreed to divide Germany into

More information

COLD WAR ORIGINS. U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm.

COLD WAR ORIGINS. U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm. COLD WAR ORIGINS U.S vs. U.S.S.R. Democ./Cap vs Comm. Section One: Objectives By the end, I will be able to: 1. Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World

More information

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Cold War: Superpowers Face Off ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES What caused the Cold War? The United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II. In February 1945, they agreed to divide Germany into

More information

Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present

Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 Present Map Activity Define the following on a separate sheet of paper: Cold War, Brinkmanship, Détente, Containment, Communism, Capitalism, Democracy, Command Economy,

More information

Chapter 25 Cold War America, APUSH Mr. Muller

Chapter 25 Cold War America, APUSH Mr. Muller Chapter 25 Cold War America, 1945-1963 APUSH Mr. Muller Aim: How does the U.S. and U.S.S.R. go from allies to rivals? Do Now: Communism holds that the world is so deeply divided into opposing classes that

More information

The Cold War

The Cold War The Cold War 1945-1989 What is the Cold War It was an intense rivalry between the United States and Russia between West and East and between capitalism and communism that dominated the years following

More information

Section 4: How did the Cold War develop?

Section 4: How did the Cold War develop? Section 4: How did the Cold War develop? 1943-56 4 (a) Describe one reason why the Allies met at Yalta in February 1945. 1 1 Simple statement(s) e.g. To discuss what to do with Germany. 2 2 Developed statements

More information

2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior.

2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior. 1. The Americans become increasingly impatient with the Soviets. 2. The State Department asked the American Embassy in Moscow to explain Soviet behavior. 3. On February 22, 1946, George Kennan an American

More information

America after WWII. The 1946 through the 1950 s

America after WWII. The 1946 through the 1950 s America after WWII The 1946 through the 1950 s The United Nations In 1944 President Roosevelt began to think about what the world would be like after WWII He especially wanted to be sure that there would

More information

2014 Brain Wrinkles. Origins and Consequences

2014 Brain Wrinkles. Origins and Consequences Origins and Consequences Standards SS5H7 The student will discuss the origins and consequences of the Cold War. a. Explain the origin and meaning of the term Iron Curtain. b. Explain how the United States

More information

The Legacies of WWII

The Legacies of WWII The Cold War The Legacies of WWII WWI might have been the war to end all wars but it was WWII that shifted the psyche of humanity. The costs of total war were simply too high 55 million dead worldwide

More information

One war ends, another begins

One war ends, another begins One war ends, another begins Communism comes from the word common, meaning to belong equally to more than one individual. The related word, commune is a place where people live together and share property

More information

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012 Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2012 [Since 1998, the pattern is: two subject specific questions, two questions allowing a choice of examples, and one question

More information

Early Cold War

Early Cold War Early Cold War 1945-1972 Capitalism vs. Communism Capitalism Communism Free-Market Economy Upper, Middle and Working Class North Atlantic Treaty Organization Government Controlled Economy Classless Society

More information

Unit 15 Cold War-Present

Unit 15 Cold War-Present Unit 15 Cold War-Present Section 1: Introduction Cold War Definition A cold war in general is a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short

More information

Beginnings of the Cold War

Beginnings of the Cold War Beginnings of the Cold War Chapter 15 Section 1 Problems of Peace At the end of World War II, Germany was in ruins and had no government. Much of Europe was also in ruins. Problems of Peace Occupied Germany

More information

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War A Difference In Opinion 1945 was the beginning of a long period of distrust & misunderstanding between the Soviet Union and its former allies in the West (particularly the US) Soviet

More information

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014

Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014 Topic 5: The Cold War (Compiled from 10 Topic and 6 Topic Format) Revised 2014 [Since 1998, the pattern is: two subject specific questions, two questions allowing a choice of examples, and one question

More information

The Americans (Survey)

The Americans (Survey) The Americans (Survey) Chapter 26: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Cold War Conflicts CHAPTER OVERVIEW After World War II, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union lead to a war without direct military

More information

Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe

Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe Ch 25-1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe The Main Idea WWIII??? At the end of World War II, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States deepened, leading to an era known as the Cold War. Cold

More information

THE COLD WAR Part Two Teachers Notes by Paul Latham

THE COLD WAR Part Two Teachers Notes by Paul Latham THE COLD WAR Part Two Teachers Notes by Paul Latham Notes also available on DVD disc as either a Word document or PDF file. Also available on the website 1 2 The Cold War (Part 2) Teachers Notes CUBA AND

More information

Chapter Two Superpowers Face Off

Chapter Two Superpowers Face Off Chapter 17-1 Two Superpowers Face Off I) Former Allies Diverge II) The Soviet Union Corrals Eastern Europe III) United States Counters Soviet Expansion IV) The Cold War and a Divided World I) Former Allies

More information

Overview: The World Community from

Overview: The World Community from Overview: The World Community from 1945 1990 By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.15.17 Word Count 874 Level 1050L During the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Czechoslovakians

More information

World History Détente Arms Race and Arms Controls The Reagan Era

World History Détente Arms Race and Arms Controls The Reagan Era World History 3201 Détente Arms Race and Arms Controls The Reagan Era The relaxation of international tensions, specifically between the Soviet Union and USA in the 1970 s Détente USA- detente Why did

More information

Cold War Conflicts Chapter 26

Cold War Conflicts Chapter 26 Cold War Conflicts Chapter 26 Former Allies Clash After World War II the US and the Soviets had very different goals for the future. Under Soviet communism the state controlled all property and economic

More information

This work is the intellectual property of MrHubbshistory.com. Content copyright MrHubbsHistory. All rights reserved.

This work is the intellectual property of MrHubbshistory.com. Content copyright MrHubbsHistory. All rights reserved. The Crumbling Alliance After World War II two powers, the United States and the Soviet Union became the world superpowers. These two countries had the economic resources and military force to dominate

More information

What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years?

What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? LESSON 2 SECTION 29.2 Text pp. 527 531 Read What Challenges Did President Truman Face at Home in the Postwar Years? (pp. 527-531).

More information

Former Allies Diverge

Former Allies Diverge Chapter 17-1 Two Superpowers Face Off Former Allies Diverge The Soviet Union Corrals Eastern Europe United States Counters Soviet Expansion The Cold War and a Divided World Former Allies Diverge Before

More information

The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT)

The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) The Cold War TOWARD A GLOBAL COMMUNITY (1900 PRESENT) Throughout WWII the U.S. and the Soviet Union began to view each other with increasing suspicion. He s a commie, and once made an alliance with Hitler...

More information

The Hot Days of the Cold War

The Hot Days of the Cold War The Hot Days of the Cold War Brian Frydenborg History 321, Soviet Russia 3/18/02 On my honor, I have neither given nor received any unacknowledged aid on this paper. The origins of the cold war up to 1953

More information

THE COLD WAR Part One Teachers Notes by Paul Latham

THE COLD WAR Part One Teachers Notes by Paul Latham THE COLD WAR Part One Teachers Notes by Paul Latham Notes also available on DVD disc as either a Word document or PDF file. Also available on the website. 1 2 The Cold War (Part 1) Teachers Notes ORIGINS

More information

Bell Ringers - April 21

Bell Ringers - April 21 WWII: Bell Ringers - April 21 What were the Nuremburg Trials? Trials set up by the Allies (International Military Tribunal) to make sure the NAZIs were punished for their crimes for waging a war of aggression

More information

The Potsdam Conference

The Potsdam Conference The Cold War Begins The United Nations Chartered in April 1945 Replaced the League of Nations as a mediator for international disputes 50 nations joined initially (today, UN has 192 members) In the General

More information

The Cold War Part I ( ) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs.

The Cold War Part I ( ) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. The Cold War 1945-1990 Part I (1945-1960) US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism Ideas/Questions What was the cold war? Are we still seeing its echoes

More information

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central

More information

Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins. Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War.

Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins. Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War. Chapter 28, Section 1: The Cold War Begins Main Idea: After WWII, distrust between the US & USSR led to the Cold War. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle US & the Western Democracies GOAL

More information

THE EASTERN EUROPE AND THE USSR

THE EASTERN EUROPE AND THE USSR THE EASTERN EUROPE AND THE USSR After the defeat of Germany in World War Two Eastern European countries were left without government. Some countries had their governments in exile. If not, it was obvious

More information

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Cold War Tensions (Chapter 30 Quiz)

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Cold War Tensions (Chapter 30 Quiz) Cold War Tensions (Chapter 30 Quiz) What were the military and political consequences of the Cold War in the Soviet Union, Europe, and the United States? After World War II ended, the United States and

More information

THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1:

THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1: THE COLD WAR Learning Goal 1: Describe the causes and effects of the Cold War and explain how the Korean War, Vietnam War and the arms race were associated with the Cold War. RESULTS OF WWII RESULTS VE

More information

TRUMAN BECOMES PRESIDENT Hopes for world peace were high at the end of the war

TRUMAN BECOMES PRESIDENT Hopes for world peace were high at the end of the war Name: Origins of the Cold War Period: FORMER ALLIES CLASH The US and Soviet Union had very different ambitions for the future Soviet Communism v. American Capitalism Joseph Stalin totalitarian, leader

More information

The Roots of the Cold War

The Roots of the Cold War The Roots of the Cold War Communism No real wealthy people State/country controls everything business related No free enterprise system 1 ruler that can easily turn into a dictatorship Roots of the Cold

More information

Unit 8. 5th Grade Social Studies Cold War Study Guide. Additional study material and review games are available at at

Unit 8. 5th Grade Social Studies Cold War Study Guide. Additional study material and review games are available at at Unit 8 5th Grade Social Studies Cold War Study Guide Additional study material and review games are available at www.jonathanfeicht.com. are available at www.jonathanfeicht.com. Copyright 2015. For single

More information

Domestic policy WWI. Foreign Policy. Balance of Power

Domestic policy WWI. Foreign Policy. Balance of Power Domestic policy WWI The decisions made by a government regarding issues that occur within the country. Healthcare, education, Social Security are examples of domestic policy issues. Foreign Policy Caused

More information

Results of World War II Crossword

Results of World War II Crossword Name Date Period Chapter 27 Results of World War II Crossword Workbook 107 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Across 1) country that became a superpower after World War II 3) these people were killed

More information

The Cold War. Chapter 30

The Cold War. Chapter 30 The Cold War Chapter 30 Two Side Face Off in Europe Each superpower formed its own military alliance NATO USA and western Europe Warsaw Pact USSR and eastern Europe Berlin Wall 1961 Anti-Soviet revolts

More information

End of WWI and Early Cold War

End of WWI and Early Cold War End of WWI and Early Cold War Why So Scary, Communism? It posed a direct threat to democracy and capitalism Struggle between US and USSR was political but battle between good and evil Democracy A system

More information

Section 4: How did the Cold War develop?

Section 4: How did the Cold War develop? Section 4: How did the Cold War develop? 1943 56 Question Number 4 (a) Describe one decision made by the Allies about the war against Germany at the Teheran Conference, 1943. Target: Key features/recall

More information

4.2.2 Korea, Cuba, Vietnam. Causes, Events and Results

4.2.2 Korea, Cuba, Vietnam. Causes, Events and Results 4.2.2 Korea, Cuba, Vietnam Causes, Events and Results This section will illustrate the extent of the Cold War outside of Europe & its impact on international affairs Our focus will be to analyze the causes

More information

WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to

WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to WINNING the WAR / PLANNING the PEACE The Allies: US, England, USSR, and China Feb 1945 Yalta Conference: US-USSR-England GERMANY must agree to UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER Germany will be divided into 4 parts

More information

Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various

Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various Journal # 11 04/30/15 Objective: Students will utilize various resources to identify, compare/contrast, and evaluate the origins, development and effects of the Cold War. Agenda: Journal Cold War PPT Guided

More information

Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled.

Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled. Objectives Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled. Explain how President Truman responded to Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. Describe

More information

Challenges to Soviet Control and the End of the Cold War I. Early Cold War A. Eastern European Soviet Control 1. In the early years of the Cold War,

Challenges to Soviet Control and the End of the Cold War I. Early Cold War A. Eastern European Soviet Control 1. In the early years of the Cold War, Challenges to Soviet Control and the End of the Cold War I. Early Cold War A. Eastern European Soviet Control 1. In the early years of the Cold War, Eastern European nations (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania,

More information

Cold War. Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era?

Cold War. Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era? Cold War Unit EQ: How did social, economic, and political events influence the US during the Cold War era? Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference was held towards the end of World War II. During this time

More information

Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War

Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War Today we will identify and examine the legislation, policies and events that begin the rivalry known as the Cold War Thought for the day: Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also

More information

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private

The Differences Between the 2 Sides Under Soviet communism, the state controlled all property & economic activity In capitalistic America, private Although the US and Soviet Union had been allies in WWII, they emerged as rival superpowers They had very different ambitions for the future These differences created an icy tension that plunged the 2

More information

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War?

BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? What was the Soviet View? What was the Western view? What is a Cold War? BACKGROUND: why did the USA and USSR start to mistrust each other? The 2 sides were enemies long before they were allies in WWII. Relations had been bad since 1917 as Russia had become communist and the

More information

The Cold War ( )

The Cold War ( ) The Cold War (1945-1991) Timeline USSR dissolves WWII Cold War 1939 1945 1989 1991 Revolutions of 1989 What is it US vs. USSR state of tension nuclear arms race Space Race propaganda war fighting through

More information

Chapter 17: Restructuring the Postwar World: 1945-Present I. Cold War: Superpowers Face Off (Section 1) a. Allies Become Enemies i.

Chapter 17: Restructuring the Postwar World: 1945-Present I. Cold War: Superpowers Face Off (Section 1) a. Allies Become Enemies i. Chapter 17: Restructuring the Postwar World: 1945-Present I. Cold War: Superpowers Face Off (Section 1) a. Allies Become Enemies i. Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan 1. In February 1945, British, American

More information

Russian History. Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s

Russian History. Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s Russian History Lecture #1 Ancient History The Romanov s Outline Russia Lecture #1 Ancient Russia Settlement of Russia Yaroslav the Wise Mongol Invasion of Russia Retaking Russia Ivan the Great Ivan the

More information

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2

THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS. US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS US HISTORY Chapter 15 Section 2 THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS CONTAINING COMMUNISM MAIN IDEA The Truman Doctrine offered aid to any nation resisting communism; The Marshal Plan aided

More information

Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War

Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War Name: Chapter 15 Section 1 Notes: Beginnings of the Cold War Problems of Peace At the end of World War II, government Much of was also in ruins was in ruins and had no At the, the Allies (Great Britain,

More information

The Cold War Abroad and at Home, Chapter AP US History

The Cold War Abroad and at Home, Chapter AP US History + The Cold War Abroad and at Home, 1945-1960 Chapter 37-38 AP US History + Goal Statement After studying this chapter students should be able to: Explain how the policies of both the United States and

More information

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Section 1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Reading Comprehension Find the name or term in the second column that best matches the description in the first column. Then write the letter of your answer in

More information

4/8/2014. Other Clashes Loss of Trust: The Fate of Eastern European Nations

4/8/2014. Other Clashes Loss of Trust: The Fate of Eastern European Nations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Cold War 1945-1960 The war that wasn t really a war at all. The American Presidents Part 1- The Origins Review: The Yalta Conference February 1945 Players: FDR/Churchill/Stalin USSR pledges

More information

Unit 11: The Cold War B A T T L E O F T H E S U P E R P O W E R S :

Unit 11: The Cold War B A T T L E O F T H E S U P E R P O W E R S : Unit 11: The Cold War B A T T L E O F T H E S U P E R P O W E R S : 1 9 4 6-1 9 9 1 Textbook Help Remember your textbook has a lot of extra information that can really help you learn more about the Cold

More information

The Cold War. Chap. 18, 19

The Cold War. Chap. 18, 19 The Cold War Chap. 18, 19 Cold War 1945-1991 Political and economic conflict between U.S. and USSR Not fought on battlefield U.S. Vs. USSR Democracy- free elections private ownership Free market former

More information

PPT: Post WWII Tensions

PPT: Post WWII Tensions PPT: Post WWII Tensions WWII ends Cold War begins USSR collapses Cold War ends 1945 1991 The Cold War: The U.S. and USSR never directly declare war on each other, but fight by other means and through other

More information

DURING WWII THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION HAD JOINED

DURING WWII THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION HAD JOINED DURING WWII THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION HAD JOINED FORCES AGAINST THE GERMANS BUT AFTER THE WAR, THEIR COMPETING POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES WOULD LEAD TO NEARLY A HALF-CENTURY OF CONFLICT CALLED THE COLD WAR.

More information

Option 26/27 scheme of work

Option 26/27 scheme of work Option 26/27 scheme of work Superpower relations and the Cold War, 1941 91 GCSE (9-1) History Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in History (1HI0) Introduction This document provides a sample

More information

Who wants to be a. Expert on the Cold War?!

Who wants to be a. Expert on the Cold War?! Who wants to be a Expert on the Cold War?! Which statement describes the economic history of Japan since World War II? A: Japan has withdrawn from the world economic community and has practices economic

More information

Origins of the Cold War. A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen

Origins of the Cold War. A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen Origins of the Cold War A Chilly Power Point Presentation Brought to You by Ms. Shen What was the Cold War? The Cold War was a 40+ year long conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that started

More information

Communism. Communism is a form of economy. Everyone gets the same resources. Gov t owns the means of production -so no individuals own the businesses

Communism. Communism is a form of economy. Everyone gets the same resources. Gov t owns the means of production -so no individuals own the businesses The Cold War Communism Communism is a form of economy Everyone gets the same resources Gov t owns the means of production -so no individuals own the businesses Idea of Communism Gov t will work in the

More information

8-1: THE EARLY COLD WAR,

8-1: THE EARLY COLD WAR, 8-1: THE EARLY COLD WAR, 1945-1963 I. Overview A. The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and working to maintain a position of global leadership, with far-reaching

More information

This opposition created a global atmosphere of tension which never developed into direct. There was a warlike relationship between the two nations.

This opposition created a global atmosphere of tension which never developed into direct. There was a warlike relationship between the two nations. AIM: Explain the conflict between the two superpowers that led to the Cold War. Expansion of Communism Stalin agreed to allow free elections in Soviet occupied European countries. He did not fulfill his

More information

General Certificate of Secondary Education History Unit 2: The Cold War Foundation Tier [GHY21] TUESDAY 12 JUNE, AFTERNOON

General Certificate of Secondary Education History Unit 2: The Cold War Foundation Tier [GHY21] TUESDAY 12 JUNE, AFTERNOON General Certificate of Secondary Education 2012 History Unit 2: The Cold War 1945 1991 Foundation Tier [GHY21] TUESDAY 12 JUNE, AFTERNOON MARK SCHEME 7487.01 Foundation Tier Mark Scheme The detail given

More information

Grade 9 Social Studies. Chapter 8 Canada in the World

Grade 9 Social Studies. Chapter 8 Canada in the World Grade 9 Social Studies Chapter 8 Canada in the World The Cold War The Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States was a half century of military build-up, political manoeuvring for international

More information

Making of the Modern World 15. Lecture #10 The Cold War and the American Century

Making of the Modern World 15. Lecture #10 The Cold War and the American Century Making of the Modern World 15 Lecture #10 The Cold War and the American Century Uncle Joe Guess where. Origins of the Cold War US, USSR, Great Britain unnatural allies during World War II Tensions submerged

More information

Cold War ( conflict, with no fighting, between USA/Democracy and Soviet Union/Russia/ Communism

Cold War ( conflict, with no fighting, between USA/Democracy and Soviet Union/Russia/ Communism Cold War (1945-1991- conflict, with no fighting, between USA/Democracy and Soviet Union/Russia/ Communism 1) Define the Cold War and identify one reasons why the two nations mistrusted each other. 2) Analyze

More information