Paper 2: Topic 10 - Authoritarian states

Transcription

1 Paper 2: Topic 10 - Authoritarian states Emergence of authoritarian states Condi4ons in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of poli4cal system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda Consolida4on and maintenance of power Aims and results of policies Use of legal methods; use of force; charisma4c leadership; dissemina4on of propaganda Nature, extent and treatment of opposi4on The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power Aims and impact of domes4c economic, poli4cal, cultural and social policies The impact of policies on women and minori4es Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved

2 HL - 14: European states in the inter- war years ( ) Weimar Germany: cons4tu4onal, poli4cal, economic/financial and social issues ( ); ini4al challenges ( ); Golden Era under Stresemann ( ); the crisis years and the rise of Hitler ( ) Hitler s Germany ( ): consolida4on of power; Hitler s pre- war domes4c policies, including economic, social and poli4cal policies; nature of the Nazi state; the extent of resistance to the Nazis Italy ( ): rise of Mussolini; consolida4on of power; Mussolini s pre- war domes4c policies, including economic, social and poli4cal policies; nature of the fascist state Spain ( ): poli4cal, social and economic condi4ons in Spain; the Primo de Rivera regime; polariza4on and poli4cal par4es under the Second Republic; Azaña and Gil Robles; causes of the Civil War; foreign involvement; reasons for na4onalist victory under Franco Case study of domes4c poli4cal, economic and social developments in one European country (other than Germany, Italy or Spain) in the inter- war years.

3 Lesson 3a Nazi State Essential Question To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview How much power did Hitler have Complete a Google Docs looking at decision making Success Criteria I can determine if Hitler was a strong or weak leader

4 Preview Essential Question To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control?

5 Vocab Success Criteria I can explain if Hitler was/wasn t an all-powerful dictator Hitler Myth Tradi4onalist Revisionist

6 What to present A Rela4onship with the German People (Ac4vity 1) 1 Student To what extent did Hitler have the support of the popula4on? B The Nature and Effects of the Hitler Myth 2 Students What is the Hitler Myth? To what extent was it successful? C Hitler s Role in Decision- Making (Ac4vity 3) 2 Students How were decisions made in Nazi Germany? To what extent did Hitler have control? Ac4vity 5 4 Students Fill out the chart

7 Essential Question To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control?

8 To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control? TradiGonalist PerspecGve Revisionist PerspecGve Modern PerspecGve

9 Paper 2: Topic 10 - Authoritarian states Emergence of authoritarian states Condi4ons in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of poli4cal system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda Consolida4on and maintenance of power Aims and results of policies Use of legal methods; use of force; charisma4c leadership; dissemina4on of propaganda Nature, extent and treatment of opposi4on The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power Aims and impact of domes4c economic, poli4cal, cultural and social policies The impact of policies on women and minori4es Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved

10 HL - 14: European states in the inter- war years ( ) Weimar Germany: cons4tu4onal, poli4cal, economic/financial and social issues ( ); ini4al challenges ( ); Golden Era under Stresemann ( ); the crisis years and the rise of Hitler ( ) Hitler s Germany ( ): consolida4on of power; Hitler s pre- war domes4c policies, including economic, social and poli4cal policies; nature of the Nazi state; the extent of resistance to the Nazis Italy ( ): rise of Mussolini; consolida4on of power; Mussolini s pre- war domes4c policies, including economic, social and poli4cal policies; nature of the fascist state Spain ( ): poli4cal, social and economic condi4ons in Spain; the Primo de Rivera regime; polariza4on and poli4cal par4es under the Second Republic; Azaña and Gil Robles; causes of the Civil War; foreign involvement; reasons for na4onalist victory under Franco Case study of domes4c poli4cal, economic and social developments in one European country (other than Germany, Italy or Spain) in the inter- war years.

11 Lesson 3b Nazi State Essential Question To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Review extent of control Learn about how the Nazi state was structured Learn the difference between inten4onalist and structuralist school of thought Success Criteria I can differentiate between the intentionalist and structuralist perspectives

12 To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control? TradiGonalist PerspecGve Revisionist PerspecGve Modern PerspecGve

13 Vocab Polycra4c Inten4onalist Structuralist

14 Organization of the Third Reich 1. Polycratic overlapping bodies meant confusion about who was responsible for what If there was a problem, Hitler would create a new body to solve it Ex. RHSA was created to bring all the security agencies under one umbrella Hitler would give contradictory, verbal orders to people in order to foster distrust, compe44on and infigh4ng Leaders must maintain consistent contact with Hitler to have his ear Ex. No minister mee4ngs from 1938

15 Ex. If you had a complaint about the police, where would you go?

16 Perspectives of Power Internationalists put stress on the individual as exercising the most influence on historical development What leaders like Hitler, Stalin, Mao wanted effected history as they were in a posi4on to enact their aims Ex. WW2 was caused because of Hitler s desire to expand and ideology Structuralists broader elements (economic structure, poli4cal factors, etc..) Ac4ons are determined more by the condi4ons they are in, rather than the wishes of leaders (leaders do play a role) Ex. WW2 and extremists par4es (Nazi) were inevitable because of the failures of the TofV and the Great Depression

17 Copy this table You will get shown 2 different views Place which category each fall into Intentionalist vs. Structuralist i ii a) Hitler s Vision i. Hitler had a dis4nct Weltanschauung (world view). He had clear aims, especially an4- semi4sm, an4- Bolshevism and Lebensraum. The key to the Third Reich is Hitler s aim ii. Hitler s ideas were not very coherent. He was an opportunist who wanted power.

18 Copy this table You will get shown 2 different views Place which category each fall into Intentionalist vs. Structuralist i ii ii i b) Hitler s Power i. Hitler s posi4on within the Third Reich was quite weak; he was wary of poten4al opposi4on, and was not able to dominate events. ii. Hitler had great power, and deliberately fostered rivalries.

19 c) Reasons for the chao5c nature of the 3 rd Reich Intentionalist vs. i. The administra4ve confusion arose from the nature of Hitler s charisma4c leadership and was not deliberate policy. ii. The chao4c administra4ve system was a product of the deliberate Structuralist inten4on of Hitler to foster rivalries and compe4ng authori4es in order to enhance his own power as the decision- maker. d) The Holocaust i. Hitler aimed to exterminate the Jews and was eventually able to do ii. so. The Holocaust developed from a process of radicalisa4on in the regime and the influence of other events, especially the war. e) The Second World War i. Hitler aimed at world war, and this desire was the prime determinant ii. of German foreign policy. Although Hitler had broad overall aims in foreign policy, he had no blueprint for world war. f) Nature of Nazism i. Nazism should be seen more in the light of the general interwar ii. phenomenon of Fascism. Nazism can be seen as Hitlerism, dependent upon Hitler s vision, power and decisions.

20 Power in the Third Reich Source Analysis Source A Ian Kershaw, The Nazi Dictatorship, 1993 (3 rd ed.), p the dissolu1on of the government into a mul1plicity of compe1ng and non- coordinated ministries, party offices, and hybrid [combined] agencies all claiming to interpret the Fuhrer s will. Hand in hand with this development went the growing autonomy of the Fuhrer authority itself, detaching itself and isola1ng itself from any framework of corporate government and correspondingly subject to increasing delusions of grandeur and diminishing sense of reality. The overall structure of government was reduced to a shambles of constantly shieing power bases or warring fac1ons.

21 To what extent did one authoritarian leader achieve control? TradiGonalist PerspecGve Revisionist PerspecGve Modern PerspecGve

22 Preview What are the 4 books of the gospel? Authors? Where were they? Problems? Do you think those were the only stories wrimen about Jesus life? Gospel of Judas, Gospal of Thomas, Injil (Muslim gospel of Jesus), etc So who decided which books would be included in the New Testament? 185 Ireanaeus of Lyons declared, it is not possible that there can be either more or fewer than 4 Mamhew (50~70) wrimen in Syria, an ancient Chris4an center Mark(50~mid 60s) associated with Peter s preaching in Rome, suited to a Roman audience Luke(59~63 or 70s) not sure John(85~100 or 50s~70) Ephesus (Western Turkey) So, Which one is correct? Is only one correct and the rest wrong?