5/11/18. A global depression in the 1930s led to high unemployment & a sense of desperation in Europe

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1 After WWI, many nations were struggling to rebuild The Treaty of Versailles created bitterness among many nations A global depression in the 1930s led to high unemployment & a sense of desperation in Europe In this climate of postwar uncertainty, nationalism increased & citizens turned to totalitarian dictators to rule the nation Totalitarian leaders are dictators who control all aspects of the government & the lives of the citizens Totalitarian leaders gained support by promising jobs, promoting nationalism, & using propaganda Dictators held on to their power by using censorship, secret police, denying liberties, & eliminating opposing rivals or political parties What long term-cause of world war increased after WWI in Europe & what did citizens turned toward? 1

2 Describe what parts of the life was to be controlled by dictators: (TRACE THE BORDERS OF PARTS-1) Describe what parts of the life was to be controlled by dictators: (TRACE THE BORDERS AGAIN OF PARTS-2) Among the first totalitarian dictators was Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union Stalin s Five Year Plans & collective farms improved the Soviet Union s industrial & agricultural output Stalin was Communist & seized all property, farms, factories in order to control the economy & create equality He used a secret police & the Great Purge to eliminate rivals 2

3 What political decision did Stalin make to eliminate his rivals in the Soviet Union? (Write Question (on left)& response on right)) Not all totalitarian dictators were Communists Fascist gov ts were controlled by dictators who demanded loyalty from citizens Fascists did not offer democracy & used one-party to rule the nation Unlike Communists, fascists believed people could keep their property In Italy, Germany, & Spain, people turned to an extremely nationalist gov t called fascism What are three characteristics to a Fascist government? (Write Question (on left)& response on right)) nations Mussolini Stalin Totalitarian need & was Hitler strong a Communist believed Regimes dictators, in in believed total fascism: Europe authority & that the Asia idea the by that one government party, but that should people control can all keep property private & property business 3

4 Communism vs. Fascism No gov t control of economy Communism vs. Fascism No gov t control of economy No gov t control of laws Total gov t control of laws No gov t control of laws Total gov t control of laws Total gov t control of economy Total gov t control of economy In Italy, Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party Mussolini named his Fascist Party after the fasces, a Roman symbol of authority & power Mussolini gained popularity by promising to revive the economy, rebuild the military, & expand Italy to create a new Roman Empire Mussolini created the Blackshirts (a secret police force) to enforce the goals of his Fascist Party 4

5 By 1922, Mussolini was popular enough to lead a March on Rome & forced the Italian king to name him prime minister As prime minister, Benito Mussolini was known as Il Duce (the chief) Mussolini ended democracy & all opposition parties Mussolini built up the military to create new jobs He planned to conquer new territories in Africa for Italy The Nazis were a fascist group in Germany that wanted to overthrow the disloyal Weimar Republic The Nazis created their own militia called the Brown Shirts Hitler planned a march on Munich but he was arrested & jailed for 9 months Hitler was impressed by Mussolini & used many of his ideas to make the Nazi Party strong in Germany Adolf Hitler was an early Nazi recruit & quickly rose to power in the party While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf which outlined his plans for Germany He wrote that Germans were members of a master race called Aryans & all non- Aryans were inferior He declared that Germans needed lebensraum (living space) & should conquer Eastern Europe & Russia He called the Versailles Treaty an outraged & vowed to regain land taken from Germany after the war 5

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