Spring Final Review. Adam Smith. Albert Einstein 5/25/2017. The answers to the spring final and

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1 Spring Final Review The answers to the spring final and stuff 1 Adam Smith Philosopher and economist Smith s main viewpoint was that a government should not regulate and interfere with the economy as little as possible. Laissez Faire economics. 2 Albert Einstein His theory of relativity helps lead to the creation of the atomic bomb program. Einstein despised the weapon. Fun Quote! I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. Einstein 3 1

2 WWI Alliances Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia United States Triple Alliance Germany Italy Austria Hungary 4 Apartheid The racial segregation in South Africa. 5 Appeasement A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an enemy power in order to avoid conflict. Used by the Allies in Europe to try and prevent a war with Hitler s Nazi Germany when the Allies essentially gave Austria and part of Czechoslovakia to the Germans. After agreeing not to stop the Nazis from taking the Sudatenland, English Prime Minster Nevil Chamberlin claimed to have secured peace for our time. 6 2

3 Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator of Italy and Hitler s ally. Fun Facts! He claimed to embody the fascist Ubermensch, a super human. He was executed by firing squad. He was a scrub Posing Like a Boss, but still a POSER! 7 Boxer Rebellion (China) A native revolt in China against Christian European imperialism in China in A coalition of imperial powers intervened and put down this rebellion. England, Russia, France, American, Japan, etc French political cartoon showing China about to be carved up by the colonial powers. 8 Nazi Germany s Lightning Attack designed to overwhelm an enemy with speed and force. The use of modern vehicles such as tanks and air craft was a key component. Used in Poland first and later in France. Blitzkrieg 9 3

4 Capitalism The economic practice of private individuals and companies owning the factors of production and businesses to make a profit. Fun Fact! Also known as the Free Market System Fry Sauce! 10 Charles Darwin Survival of the fittest and natural selection among animal species first hypothesized in Social Darwinism would follow in the 1870s and stated that the strong in society should see their wealth and power grow while the weak should see their wealth and power shrink. 11 Children were used as a cheap source of labor during the industrialization period of Europe. Also, because they were so small they could reach into and work on machinery, often times they were severally injured and crippled. Child Labor 12 4

5 Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the new world and old; the Americas and Europe. Fun Fact! Turkeys are for the Americas, Swiss is from Europe, put them together and you have awesome. 13 The idea that the west could stop the spread communism to Europe and contain it in the East. Containment 14 Its official name was Operation Overlord and it was the invasion of the Nazi occupied Normandy coast of France by Allied forces. June 6 th Fact, Not Fun The average casualty (death/wounded) expectancy of a soldier in the first wave was 7.5 seconds! Inflatable dummies were used to make the Nazis think Patton would invade at Calais. D-Day 15 5

6 Domino Theory The West operated under the fear that if one country in Asia fell to communist rule then they would all fall. This played a large roll in America becoming involved in Korea in 1950 and Vietnam in Fascist Government Aggression Fascism Hyper nationalism combined with a close relationship between government and business. Japan Invades Manchuria and starts the Second Sino- Japanese War. Italy Invades Ethiopia. Germany Anschluss, Sudetenland, Poland, and France, boom WWII! 17 Dude came up with the idea of the scientific method and inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for (not absolute proof of) the truth of the conclusion. Probabilities! Francis Bacon 18 6

7 Harry Truman President after the death of FDR. Gave the go ahead to drop the atomic bombs on Japan to end the war in the Pacific. Fact! Sent troops to Korea after the communist north invaded the south in King of England Act of Supremacy Created and lead the Anglican Church to facilitate a divorce. This caused the overall power of the religious institutions to decline. Henry VIII 20 Conqueror of Aztecs Used disease to speed up conquest. 95% of all Native Americans in Central and South America would perish. Fun Facts! There are no fun facts when the Conquistadors are involved, only death and slavery... Hernan Cortez 21 7

8 Hideki Tojo Prime minister of Imperial Japan during WWII. Imperial Japan was in fact a fascist state. Fun Facts! Appointed prime minister in 1940 Maintained position of minister of the army as well. Was soon named minister of education in Japan and instituted sports day, which were a day of military drills. 22 Holocaust The disenfranchisement, robbery of and eventual mass murder of people of Jewish descent in Nazi controlled territory during WWII. The murder of these people was called the final solution. 23 Iron Curtain The closing off of Eastern Europe by the Soviet Union to not allow any people or information in or out of it s territory. The segregated the communist East from the democratic West. 24 8

9 Isaac Newton Law of gravity explained the workings and movements with in the ever expanding universe. Fun Fact! Apples are good! Gravity sux, just ask these kids 25 This invented the steam engine which greatly aided manufacturing during the industrialization of first world states as it allowed factories to be placed away from water sources and the use of the old timey water wheel. James Watt 26 Jean Jacques Rousseau Political philosopher Social contract theory individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a majority), in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. No relevance, but funny! 27 9

10 John Calvin Protestant leader of a religious movement that reduced the overall power and influence of the Catholic Church. His followers were called Calvinists, imagine that 28 John Locke Wrote the Two Treatises on Government in In it he explains the social contract theory part of which the people could change their government if it was failing to protect their rights. 29 Joseph Stalin Communist leader of Russia during WWII. As part of a state controlled country, Stalin placed all industry and agriculture under the control of the state

11 League of Nations Set up by Woodrow Wilson after WWI. It was intended to be the police force/peace keeping group to prevent another world war. It was weak and ineffective. 31 The original Renaissance man. Painter, inventor, sculptor, architect, teacher, math pro, etc Leonardo da Vinci 32 Built the compound at Versailles. Re-centralized power in the king known as Absolutism. Spent a great deal of money which left France in debt at his death. Louis XIV 33 11

12 Mao Zedong Installed communism in China. His Great Leap Forward was Mao s successful attempt to put industry and agriculture under state control. Many citizens who resisted were murdered to install state control. 34 Mercantilism The idea that a large portion of a countries strength was related to the amount of gold and silver it had in reserve. This could be used to improve the state, build armies and navies, purchase mercenaries etc 35 Mohandas Gandhi Led the non-violent movement against British control and exploitation of India. He went on several hunger strikes to drive his point home. He was assassinated by another leader of independence that felt Gandhi was too accommodating

13 Montesquieu Political philosopher Advocated checks and balances in government also known as separation of powers. 37 N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Western alliance of states to protect Europe and defend against communist diffusion. 38 Ninety-Five These Nailed to the door of a Catholic Church in Germany, these were 95 criticisms against the power and corruption of the Pope and Catholic Church. This movement would lead the Protestant religions

14 Nuremberg Laws Laws passed by Nazi Germany that denied people of Jewish ancestry their rights. Property Due process Freedom of speech All of them Eventually this would lead to imprisonment in ghettos and later the death camps of the final solution. 40 Waged a civil war against absolutist King of England Charles I. Used his New Model Army to win the war. Popular with the people until He set up a military dictatorship after his victory. Oliver Cromwell 41 Pearl Harbor Sneak attack by Japan on December 7 th 1941 caused America to full enter WWII. Japan claimed the oil and resource embargo placed on their empire by America because of Japan s Chinese occupation forced this attack

15 Sepoy Mutiny Indian (Asia) revolt against imperialism. Started over the actions of East India Trading Company over many years. Sepoy = Indian soldier 43 Simon Bolivar Famous leader for South American states and independence from Spain. 44 Social Darwinism Used as a primary reason that Europeans should control and exploit less powerful regions of the world. Through this effort the natives would civilized and would no longer be behind. See everyone win 45 15

16 Spanish Armada Beginning of the end of Spanish naval power. Spain hoping to invade England sent the majority of fleet to attack and then land troops in England. The fleet was routed and when the remainder tried to sail home many were lost in storms. Total fail Fail like this 46 Textile Industry First industry to be industrialized. Loss of cottage industry Beginning of urbanization. 47 Toussaint L Ouverture Leader of free independence movement in modern Haiti. Former slave

17 Treaty of Tordesillas Split the world and more importantly Central and South America between Spain and Portugal. Spain received more of the new world. Portugal was given control of Brazil and much of Asia. The Pope brokered the deal 49 The use trenches to stop the advance of enemy soldiers. Led to long and drawn out fights. Technology was invented to neutralize the trenches: Tanks Poison Gas Trench Warfare 50 Raw materials from the colonies to mother countries. Finished goods from the mother country to Africa and Asia. Slaves to the new world and other goods from Asia back to the mother country. Triangular Trade 51 17

18 United Nations Created after WWII Peace keepers of the world. League of nations part two. 52 U.S. Imperialism Settled or deeply involved in Latin America Caribbean East Asia 53 Vasco de Gama Found the southern route to the Indian Ocean by going around Africa. Ended the domination of the Silk Road and with that Muslim Arab influence on trade

19 Treaty of Versailles Ended WWI Punished Germany as the aggressor. Took German lands away Demilitarize etc Set the stage for WWII when combined with the Great Depression. 55 Vladdy I. Lenin Bolshevik leader that would usher in the age of Communism in Russia. 56 Voltaire Political philosopher Freedom of religion Freedom of expression Separation of church and state

20 Yalta Conference Peace conference after WWII. In reality, it set the state for how Germany and other parts of Europe would be divided. 58 Zionism The movement to recreate a Jewish homeland in Israel. In the post Holocaust world the U.N. felt that Jews needed a state where they could be safe. This is a controversial subject today as Palestinian Arabs were moved to make room for Israel. 59 Causes: Atlantic Slave Trade The lack of labor due to 95% of Native Americans being killed lead to a need for slave labor. Encomienda system failed due to lack of people and structure

21 Causes: Aztec Population Decrease Disease spread by the Europeans. Small pox 61 Causes: Age of Exploration Silk road taxes of Ottomans lead to exploration. The old world powers wanted to dominate and exploit this new land. After the New World was found the motivation for Europeans was God, Gold, and Glory. 62 Causes: Rise of Fascist Dictatorships WWI destruction and sanctions. World wide depression causes weak economies. Weak economies cause personal hardship and suffering. People that are suffering vote for new and radical candidates. Europe was weak

22 Causes: Americana & French Revs. Unfair taxes Unfair laws No representation. Enlightenment ideas gave people the ideas for new political institutions. 64 Causes: Great Britain s Empire Strong navy Powerful and stable leadership. Iron and coal deposits in the mother country. 65 Causes: Japanese Imperialism They have a small island country. They needed and empire to fuel their modern military and country, Asia s first. Korea, China, and many other territories would fall to Japan

23 Causes: Nationalism Napoleon s invasion of countries to bring them under French control. 67 Causes: World War One Nationalism People were proud to fight for their nation against age old rivals. Militarism Modern militaries with societies that thrived on it. Alliance system Franz Ferdinand and the sandwich started it all = Japan 2 = Italy 3 = Israel 4 = India 5 = China 6 = England 7 = Germany 8 = Russia 9 = France 10 = Australia 69 23