Global Regents Review Unit 6 World War I & II

Transcription

1 Global Regents Review Unit 6 World War I & II

2 Advancements Late 1800 s-early 1900 s Medical advancements o Antibiotics Sanitation/sewers Labor unions protected workers Electricity Telephone Radio Autos Airplanes

3 Causes of World War I Militarism-increasing military power & tension o Esp. betw Gr.Brit & Germany Alliances-countries formed friendships o Agreed to defend each other if necessary o Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy o Triple Entente-Gr. Brit, France, Russia Nationalism- intense pride in one s country Imperialism-competition for colonies and economic power Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

4 Alliances Before WWI

5 The Ottoman Empire Was in decline (the old Byzantine Empire) Had committed the Armenian Massacre against its own Christians European countries wanted to colonize the crumbling empire and distrusted each other Became known as a Powder Keg

6 The Spark Archduke Franz Ferdinand (from Austria) was killed in Bosnia (part of the Ottoman Empire) Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia (ally of Serbia) gets ready for war Germany declares war on Russia & then France Germany invades Belgium to get to France Gr. Brit. (ally of France) declares war on Germany

7 Allies vs. Central Powers

8 Allied Powers (Allies) Gr. Britain France Russia Italy (joined later) had switched sides from original Triple Alliance USA (joined later)

9 Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire

10 New War Tactics Trench warfare- soliders dug trenches and lived in them Weapons o Automatic machine gun o Tank o Poison gas o Airplane o Submarine

11 War at Home Total war- all resources go to the war o Men drafted into military o Taxes raised o Ration/limit food supply o Propaganda- spreading of ideas for your country or against another o Women worked in factories and in the military

12 Turning Points USA enters the war for Allied Powers 1918 Russia leaves the war (we ll see why in a few slides) Nov 11, Armsitice (peace to end fighting) declared

13 Effects of WWI 8.5 million people dead 17 million hurt Famine & Disease Cities, factories and homes destroyed in Europe Treaty of Versailles ends the war and sets the stage for Hitler and WWII o Germany lost a significant amount of land o Limited military o Pay for the war in total o League of Nations-countries who agreed to use negotiation, not war

14 More Effects of WWI New countries formed: o Austria o Hungary o Yugoslavia o Czechoslovakia o Poland Ottoman empire breaks up oturkey indep. country Nationalism Continues to Increase.

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16 Hey, what Happened to Russia?

17 Russian Revolution Background Russia tried to block ideals of the Fr. Rev. Ruled by czars- absolute rulers o Used secret police, fear tactics to keep people in line Rigid social class system (feudal) o o o Czar, nobles, priests Middle class Peasants Russificiation policy o Tried to make everyone the same (same language, religion, etc) o Angered minority groups

18 Causes Revolution of 1905 oczarist absolute rule opeasant hunger & unrest oindustrialization-ideas of change spread through workplace orussification- angered groups who wanted to keep their own culture

19 Bloody Sunday Peaceful marchers wanting reform killed by troops sent by Czar Nicholas Nicholas agreed to some reforms in the Duma- Russian legislative branch (like Congress, Parliament) But people had lost faith in him and continued to revolt Set the stage for Bolsheviks

20 Bolshevik Revolution 1917 Russia had been involved in WWI and had suffered significant losses Russians wanted out of the War Czar abdicates (gives up his throne) in March Lenin leads the Bolshevik party after Czar leaves Bolshevik party made up of working class and peasants Inspired by Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Promises: land, bread and peace o End of involvement in WWI o Land reform and food Wants a communist state-workers control the factories Establishes the USSR

21 Civil War in Russia Bolsheviks (reds) vs. Czarists (white) Lenin leads the Bolsheviks Communist Party used fear tactics to keep control Communist party controlled the economy 1922 Lenin created the Soviet Union/USSR o Russia largest and most powerful o Diverse groups of people lived in USSR 1924 Stalin takes over

22 Stalin s Dictatorship Ruled by terror & fear o Great Purge-accused thousands of crimes against the gov t People killed, tortured, exiled o Used secret police Totalitarianism- one party dictatorship Continues Russification Command economy-gov t controls economy Industrialization- 5 Year plans o Incr. factory production, few consumer goods, poor quality Collectives-farms owned by groups of peasants o Peasants resisted, destroyed crops, animals, FAMINE resulted

23 Visuals of Stalin s Rule

24 Between the Wars Countries Mad o Germany upset with T of V o Italy wanted more land than it got o Russia mad that they did not get Poland o China and Japan both mad about land awards Nationalism Grows. o Turkey o India o China

25 Turkey (old Ottoman Empire) Leader = Kemal Ataturk Wanted to modernize Turkey Industrialized- railroads, factories Replaced Islamic laws with European ones Western dress was required

26 Leader= Ghandi India Wanted indep. from Britain Amritsar Massacre-series of conflicts between Indians and British led to Ghandi s rise Civil disobedience- refusal to obey unjust laws o o Salt March Boycotts Ghandi rejected the caste system India got indep. in 1947 o Muslims in India eventually moved to Pakistan due to religious persecution by Hindus

27 China Leader= Chiang Kai Shek Supported by middle class but not peasants Peasants supported his rival- Communist party leader Mao Zedong Civil War in China lasted 22 years between o Nationalists (Chiang Kai Shek) & Communists (Mao Zedong)

28 Rise of Fascism Fascism-dictatorship with strong militaristic & imperialistic influences Characteristics of Fascism: o Strong military o Dictator o Extreme nationalism o Use of terror/violence o State control of economy o Examples of fascist leaders were: Hilter in Germany Mussolini in Italy Stalin in USSR/Russia

29 Fascist Leaders Mussolini o Promised to regain land and end unemployment o Ended free speech, free press and free elections Hitler o Called his gov t the Third Reich o Promised jobs o Rebuilt German pride o Rebuilt military (violating the Treaty of Versailles) o Blamed Jews for Germany s problems o Used propaganda

30 WWII Background Germany, Italy & Japan o Increased military forces o Wanted to expand Japan invaded China in Manchuria & China in the Rape of Nanjing Italy invaded Ethiopia Germany sent troops into: o Rhineland-border with France o Austria o Sudenteland in Czechoslovakia

31 Road to WWII Europe and USA practiced appeasemento Gave into aggressor s demands to maintain peace o Munich Conference-agreed to German demands for land Hitler takes over Czechslovakia Germany & Russia become allies 1939 Hitler invades Poland 1939 Gr. Brit (Churchill) & France declare war on Germany

32 Axis Powers vs. Allies Axis Powers: o Germany o Italy o Japan Allies o Gr.Britain o France (eventually captured by Hitler) o Russia, China and USA joined later

33 Turning Points 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor- USA enters for Allies 1942 Hitler fails to conquer USSR due to winter weather and size of Russia o (like Napoleon, remember?) o USSR soliders begin matching towards Germany 1944 D Day Allies freed France from German control

34 It Ends. Yalta Conference o Germany divided up between USSR, Gr Brit and USA o USSR would help set up govt s in Eastern Europe Atomic Bombs o USA bombed Hiroshima & Nagasaki in Japan Holocaust of Jews discovered-genocide

35 Germany Divided Up

36 Effects of WWII 75 million dead (8 + mill Jews) Nuremberg Trials- tried war criminals for crimes against humanity Occupied Countries o USSR occupies E Germany & E Europe o USA occupies Japan & W Germany Europe split in two o West- democratic (England, Fr, Spain, Italy) o East- communist (Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia) United Nations- nations meet to discuss world prob. o General Assembly & Security Council

37 Europe After WW II