Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct

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1 Where and when did * Balzac started writing in Paris, France in 1819.*Most of his novels Balzac write? were written in France.Taylor, Karen L. Balzac, Honorà de. Facts On File Companion to the French Novel. New York: Facts On File, Inc., Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. CFN026&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2011). Why do you think the stories of French society during the 1800s were appealing to teenagers living in reeducation camps in China in the late- 1970s? Why did the Cultural Revolution begin and end? *The stories appealed to Chinese teenagers in reeducation camps because it contained romance, which wasn't approved in the camps.*it looked on the fact of problems of females growing up and getting married.* It was banned from the camp.diamond, Marie Josephine, ed. realism. Encyclopedia of World Writers, 1800 to the Present. New York: Infobase Publishing, Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. GEWW480&SingleRecord=True (accessed October 21, 2011). The Chinese Cultural Revolution began in 1966 by Mao Zedong, who founded the People's Republic of China, which is communist. Its main purpose was to revitalize China's revolutionary zeal. Students rained as Red Guards, led by Mao Zedong, was a radical group who held a mass campaign against intellectuals and the foreign world. It was an attack on the four olds which were old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. They needed to get rid of bad elements and revisionists and forced them into hard labor. The Cultural Revolution ended after a civil war was almost reached because of the disagreements between radical factions. An army was brought in which restored law and order. This revolution hurt the Communist party, and slowly dissipated until 1976, due to the death of Mao Zedong.( Cultural Revolution. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct. 2011)

2 2. Are cultural revolutions going on today? Where? There are cultural revolutions going on today. Besides Egypt and Libya's change in power from Hasni Mubarak and Muammar Gaddafi, to unknown leadership, there are two more defined cultural revoltuions taking place in the United States of America. In the past two years, the Tea Party movement began which strongly opposes government spending and excessive taxation. They strongly adhere to the Constitutional's guidelines. Against the Tea Party movement, an Occupy Wall Street protesting group took the streets in the past few months. They stand for an extreme increase of tax levies on the large corporations and business world. Lately, they have been inside major cities such as New York City and Boston.( )( )( 1. Who were the Gang of Four? The Gang of Four was a communitst radicals who took over Mao's party after his death in The Gang of Four consisted of Moa's wife, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan. The Gang was arrested shortly after their attempted takeover. 1. Who were the Gang of Four? 2. Were the Gang of Four important to the Cultural 2. Were the Gang of Four important to the Cultural 1. What controls did the Government have? Gang of Four. Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct The Gang of Four were an important aspect of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. They tried continue the ways of the communist Chinese government. Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct The Chinese Communist Party used propaganda as a way to sway certain sections of China toward the cause of communism. The main function of the Department of Propaganda established in 1924, was to promote propaganda work to all cultural workers. The government wanted to prevent the population from going under the influence of the Nationalists and the Japanese. Propaganda items, mainly visual images, were used to support the Communist Movement. Source Citation Propaganda Art. Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct Document URLhttp://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX &v= 2.1&u=nysl_li_schhs&it=r&p=GVRL.pdslmc7&sw=w

3 2. Does the art reflect or shape Chinese culture at the time of the Chinese Revolution (1949 to 1976)? 1. Does the Mao suit reflect or shape Chinese culture at the time of the Chinese Revolution (1949 to 1976)? Art does reflect and shapes Chinese culture at the time of the Chinese Revolution. The purpose of why art was reflected in Chinese culture was to actively promote the cause to follow a party. A purpose of the Chinese Artists Association was to make sure the artists work to make sure it met the needs of the party and the workers, peasants, and soldiers. It's responsibility was to arrange art exhibitions and to oversee art publications. Source Citation Art, Policy on, Since Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct Document URLhttp://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX &v= 2.1&u=nysl_li_schhs&it=r&p=GVRL.pdslmc7&sw=w The Mao suit reflects and shapes Chinese culture at the time of the Chinese Revolution. It does this firstly, because of the fabric. It was homespun, which indecated the state of the economy at that time. Also, the fact that the style was military uniform-esque. This showed that there was a dispute going on at the time. The Mao suit was a very different style than the clothing in the high society cities of Shanghai and Nanjing. Mostly people of lower class wore this style of clothing. Also, it was ment to decrease gender discrimitaion by having males and feamles wear the same thing.citations- Clothing Since Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct Fashion. Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct What message does the Mao suit send to or reinforce to the people during this time? The message that the Mao suit sends is, first, a message of patriotism. Men and women wore the suit to show pride in their country. Also, it sends a messagte of equality. It essentialy elliminates discrimitation based mostly on apperence. Also, simplicity was premoted for its practicality.citations- Fashion. Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct Clothing Since Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct Who was Mao? Mao Zedong was the founder of the Chinese Communist party. For 27 years he was the leader of the People's Rebublic of China. He ranks with many other leaders including Joeseph Stalin and Winston Churchill. Mao made China more powerful. Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) (1893â 1976). Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct

4 1. Who was Mao? During the Cultural Revolution, Mao turned on colleagues that he had been working with for decades. He also elevated Chiang Ch'ing, his third wife, to the highest level of party power. Mao died on September 9, 1976, and less than a month later Chiang Ch'ing was arrested. Little Red Book? Little Red Book? The Forward was a campaign launched by the Chinese Communist government. It was launched in It was an effort by the Chinese Communist government to 'leapfrog' over Great Britain and the United States of America. This was to help China industrialize their culture. However, the campaign overall led to FAILure. This led to what is now known as the famine. Yang, Dali L. Forward. Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale World History In Context. Web. 21 Oct [No Answer Entered] The reason why the Forward ended was because the system of Communism was not working and left people to starve. The Forward was a campaign created by the leadersip of Chinese Communists in 1958 to catch up to the advance of Great Britian over the United States.Yang, Dali L. Forward. Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale World History In Context. Web. 21 Oct The Little Red Book is a nickname for the Quotations of Chairman Mao Zedong. It is a collection of his quotes and was printed during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The Little Red Book is the second most printed book in the world, after the Bible. The Little Red Book is another name for the Quotations of Chairman Mao Zedong. It was a collection of his quotes in order to unify his soldiers and was published during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The Little Red Book is the second most printed book in the world, after the Bible.Citations:Leese, Daniel. Performative Politics and Petrified Image: The Mao Cult during China's Cultural Revolution. Ph.D. diss., International University Bremen, Germany See especially chapter 5. Zedong. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung. Ed. Stuart Schram. New York: Praeger, Why was it so well read?

5 2. Why was it so well read? 1. What was xiafang? 2. Why was reeducation so important to the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1969 to 1976)? The Little Red Book was a very significant historical publication that came to symbolize Mao and the Cultural Revolution. It was sold around the world during that time, but then it was taken out of circulation for a while because it was thought to be propaganda. However, with another Cultural Revolution in the 1990's, it experienced a revival.citations:leese, Daniel. Performative Politics and Petrified Image: The Mao Cult during China's Cultural Revolution. Ph.D. diss., International University Bremen, Germany See especially chapter 5. Zedong. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung. Ed. Stuart Schram. New York: Praeger, Xiafang was when professionals were sent down to the villages to live and work in order to learn about the struggles of life. They completed simple tasks as their jobs such as doing manual labor in the villages or shops but usually did not receive payment. They were allowed a certain amount of time to stay in the village, but it could range from months to about a year. In 1956, Liu Shaoqi altered the custom by no longer sending them to the village, but to the country side to experience hard labor. Xiafang. Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct The point of re-education was to unify the nation and decrease the gap between rural and urban areas. It could also help develop certain parts of China if more people were educated on how to do so. It was also considered a punishment in some cases. It was also considered as a solution to urban unemployment. Xiafang. Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 21 Oct What role did the Red Guard play in the Chinese Cultural The Red Guard were groups of well trained and organized students. The groups, made up of middle school males and females, would bring back the exitement in revolution in violent ways. Red Guards. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct Define Maoism. Maoism is an influential revolutionary ideology of the twentieth century. Maoism. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, Gale World History In Context. Web. 21 Oct Define Marxism. Marxism is a body of socail, political, and economic thought ferived from writings of Karl Max and his collaberator, Fredrich Engels. Ollman, Bertell. Marxism. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct Define Socialism. Socialism is an economic system that favors public or government ownership od some or all of the resources used to produce goods. Socialism. Reviewed by Albert Alexander and Jane S. Lopus. The New Book of Knowledge. Grolier Online, Web. 21 Oct Define Communism. Communism is a theory or system os social organization based on the holding of all property in common. Communism. Encyclopedia Americana. Groiler Online, Web. 21 Oct