Chapter 37: The Cold War Begins As you read, take notes using this guide. The most significant names/terms are highlighted.

Transcription

1 Chapter 37: The Cold War Begins As you read, take notes using this guide. The most significant names/terms are highlighted. Unit Introduction (pp ) The authors here summarize the formative forces for the generation born after World War II. Explain what they mean in the first paragraph when they say that the two themes of promise and menace mingled uneasily throughout the nearly five decades of the Cold War era. What is the difference between Russia and the Soviet Union? (1) Promise: (2) Menace: (3) Russia / Soviet Union : 1. Post war problems (pp ) a. Compare American fears following WWII to those following WWI. b. After the war, prices. Labor strikes. Conservatives passed the Taft-Hartley Act in order to: Responses to Taft-Hartley included: Impact of Taft-Hartley: c. The CIO s Operation Dixie failed in the south because: Labor Union membership. d. Employment Act created a three member Council of Economic Advisors What did the government due with nationally owned war industries? What was the purpose of the Employment Act? e. GI Bill of Rights (Servicemen s Readjustment Act of 1944) helped unemployment by: 1.

2 Long Economic Boom, (p860) Evidence of Economic Growth included a. GNP b. National income c. Affluence d. Middle Class e. Car ownership f. Home ownership New Opportunity for women Cult of domesticity continued Feminism inspire by 3. Roots of postwar prosperity (pp ) What propelled the long-term prosperity following WWII? 1. war itself 2. defense economy 3. cheap energy 4. productivity/education 5. changes in economic structure 4. The Smiling Sunbelt (pp ) / Rush to the Suburbs (p864) & Postwar Baby Boom (pp ) The Sunbelt was The Rustbelt was The Frostbelt was a. Sunbelt growth - map page 863 occurred because b. Dr. Spock's baby book is significant to changes in American life because c. Suburban growth/ white flight (see also )

3 d. baby boom and subsequent impact 5. Truman: The Gutty Man from Missouri (pp ) In this short section, the authors pass judgment on Truman, a man from a relatively plain Missouri background whose fate it was to be thrust into the presidency at a time in which some momentous decisions had to be made. *** From what they say here, do you guess that the authors will be positive or negative on Truman s performance in office? Defend your answer. 6. Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal? (pp ) In the absence of a formal peace conference (like Versailles after World War I), the wartime meeting at the Russian resort of Yalta in February 1945 among Roosevelt, Churhill, and Stalin (The Big Three) at Yalta, A new United Nations organization was agreed upon. Stalin promised free postwar elections for Eastern European countries such as Poland, but Russian forces were occupying these countries on their march toward Berlin and there was little the West could do to keep Stalin from eventually breaking this promise. In return for a share of the goodies at the peace table, Stalin promised to help the United States defeat Japan within 3 months of the final victory over Germany. (Remember from the last chapter the argument of some that the prospect of Russia thus enhancing its postwar position in Asia MAY have influenced the American decision to drop the A-bomb when it did.) Yalta Conference (1945) Who: FDR (US), Winston Churchill (GB), Joseph Stalin (USSR) The Big Three Where: Yalta, Crimea (USSR) Decision: Germany to be disarmed and divided into 4 zones of occupation Provisions: 1. Germany divided 2. Veto power to Big 5 nations in UN (France, Great Britain, China, USSR, and the U.S.) 3. USSR to get 3 seats in UN General Assembly 4. USSR to gain islands, concessions in Manchuria for ports, joint control of Manchuria Railroad in exchange for helping to defeat Japan 5. Eastern Polish borders to be set to the advantage of the Soviets 6. USSR pledge to hold free elections in Eastern Europe 7. War crimes trials to be held after war How did Roosevelt sell out Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)? Why did Roosevelt make such a deal with Stalin? How is Cold War evident in Yalta?

4 7. U.S.-Soviet Union (pp ) Reasons why tensions reemerged: a. Explain the conflict between capitalism vs communism b. Describe the American reaction to Bolshevik Revolution during WWI c. WWII hesitations of Great Britain and U.S. to aid the Soviets in their fight against Hitler d. Post war goals of U.S. vs post war goals of USSR Identify and explain the significance of three ways were the Soviets and Americans alike. a. b. c. 8. Shaping the Postwar World (pp ) Explain the purpose of each organization founded for postwar recovery and stability: a. International Monetary Fund b. World Bank c. United Nations How did the U.N. differ from the League? How was it the same? What early successes did the U.N. have? What early failures did the U.N. have?

5 9. The Problem of Germany (pp ) Explain how postwar Germany posed problems for East-West relations. Explain the cause for and impact of the Berlin Airlift. Look at the map page 873 and label/draw the partitions & location of Berlin on the map at right What happened to these partitions? How does this division symbolize the Cold War? 10. Crystallizing the Cold War (pp ) & America Begins to Rearm (pp ) Define President Truman & George Kennan s policy of containment. What role did Iran play in the development of this policy? Explain how each of the following containment policies illustrate Cold War battle. a. Truman Doctrine b. Marshall Plan c. Recognition of Israel Besides Cold War what is the significance of this decision? d. National Security Act and CIA e. North Atlantic pact (NATO) f. Nationalist China collapses g. Atomic rivalry intensifies

6 11. Reconstruction and Revolution in Asia (pp ) Explain how General Douglas MacArthur implemented the U.S. plan for reconstructing Japan. a. Democratization b. War crimes c. New Japanese Constitution How was reconstruction of Japan successful overall? How does it compare with the level of success in Germany? How does it compare with the level of success in China? a. Communist Revolution in China b. Mao Zedong vs Jiang Jeishi (Chiang Kai Chek) c. Collapse of Nationalist China & impact on U.S./Cold War How did it compare with the level of success in Korea? (see page 883) Arms race 1949: USSR has the atomic bomb! How does this impact the Cold War? How did the USSR acquire the bomb so quickly? Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (see page 880) 1952: USA has the hydrogen bomb! 1953: USSR has the hydrogen bomb! How does this impact the Cold War?

7 12. Ferreting Out Alleged Communists (pp ) Evaluate the ways the Cold War played out state-side (homefront) aka Second Red Scare Consider national fear of communism, perceived dangers, suspicious behaviors, along with specific actions and outcomes. a. House on Un-American Activities (HUAC) (1938) b. Smith Act of 1940 c. Loyalty Review Board (1947) d. State loyalty oaths e. Dennis v. U.S. (1951) f. Congressman Richard Nixon, (1948) and Alger Hiss g. Senator Joseph McCarthy & McCarthyism h. State and local level searches for communists i. President Truman s veto of the McCarran Internal Security Bill (1950) 13. Election of 1948 a. Candidates b. Surprising results c. Who were the Dixiecrats, and what is significance about this party?

8 d. Why did so many people think Dewey won this election? e. Give em Hell Harry! f. What were Truman s programs? How effective were they? 1. Point Four 2. Fair Deal 14. The Korean Volcano Erupts (1950) pp and The Military Seesaw in Korea pp ) Analyze the ways war in Korea provoked the U.S. (U.N.) response of containment and the expansion of the American military. a. Causes of the Korean War b. Dean Acheson s 1950 speech c. National Security Council (NSC)-68 (1950) d. United Nations condemnation of North Korea and commitment to render every assistance to restore peace e. "push em back" policy - map page 884 d. War Strategy: MacArthur and Truman 1. Significance of 38 th parallel 2. Role of the Chinese 3. MacArthur s mistake 4. Judas fires Big Chief The Korean War dragged on until 1953.