Communism in the Far East. China

Transcription

1 Communism in the Far East China

2 Terms and Players KMT PLA PRC CCP Sun Yat-Sen Mikhail Borodin Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong

3 Shaky Start In 1913 the newly formed Chinese government was faced with the assassination of the newly elected president The KMT was banned and Sun Yatsen fled to Japan This time is referred to as the Warlord Period ( )

4 Shaky Start After World War I, the Chinese government and their people were opposing each other It was revealed during WW I that the government of China promised the Japanese German colonies This secret deal was brought Chinese students and also Sun Yat-sen in opposition with the government.

5 Shaky Start The newly formed Soviet Union was willing to help Sun with the reestablishment of the KMT. The key figure from the Soviet Union was a man named Mikhail Borodin The KMT and CCP are in this together as of January 1924

6 Chiang Kai-shek ( ) Married Sun s wife s sister Sent to USSR to study for 2 years Led the Northern Expedition against Chinese Warlords that opposed Sun s ideas for China in 1924

7 Chiang Kai-shek ( ) The death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 changed the course of Chinese history Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT turned against the communists This began a civil war between Chiang Kai-shek s KMT fought the CCP led by Mao Zedong

8 Chiang Kai-shek ( ) Chiang Kai-shek devoted the years between merging warlords and consolidating power against the communists. The emergence of the Japanese in 1931 derailed his efforts against the communists.

9 Mao Zedong ( ) Born to a land owning family, but still a peasant While at school, Mao became known as a political intellectual Created his own army after the attack of Chiang Kai-shek in 1927

10 Mikhail Borodin ( ) Sent to China by Vladimir Lenin Worked closely with Sun Yat-sen to reorganize the KMT The organization of a military academy with Chiang Kai-shek as the leader started the plan to removed Chinese Warlords

11 Mikhail Borodin ( ) After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chinese wish to eliminate the KMT Later in the 1920 s it was learned by the Chinese that the USSR was trying to manipulate the events in China to their benefit A faction of the KMT led by Chiang Kai-shek attempted to remove communists from the KMT by any means (death)

12 The Long March ( ) Between the years of , Mao s Red Army fought the KMT using guerrilla tactics Mao s military brilliance was legendary, but the CCP needed medical supplies and weapons

13 The Long March ( ) The year long trek was monumental to the Chinese Mao became the leader of the communists Mao was elected the chairman of the CCP Politburo The men elected at this time stayed as the highest officials of Chinese government until the 1980 s.

14 The Long March ( ) The Long March took: 1. 4,000 miles 2. 1 year 3. Crossed 24 rivers Mountain Ranges Provinces

15 Sino-Japanese War ( ) Emperor Hirohito and the Japanese military wished to expand their Pacific Empire Japan s goal was to take Chinese land and to install a puppet government in China The start of the Japanese pressure in China started in 1931 when the Japanese annexed the territory of Manchuria

16 Sino-Japanese War ( ) Chiang Kai-shek was torn on what to do against the Japanese. The people wanted war against Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek still saw the Communists as the larger threat. His choice to avoid the Japanese, along with the corruption of the Chinese government, and the suffering of the Chinese people was the beginning of the end for the Chinese nationals

17 Sino-Japanese War ( ) Chiang Kai-shek was kidnapped by the communists to put away their differences in 1936 Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek were united against the Japanese The Japanese were too much for the Chinese, and both Mao and Chiang saw this as differently

18 Sino-Japanese War ( ) The combination of the CCP and KMT along with the warlords was still not enough against the Japanese The Chinese caught a break in 1941 when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, thus bring the Japanese into WW II

19 World War II Besides Japan s desire to become an empire in the Pacific, the events in China indirectly brought the United States and Great Britain into war with Japan In 1940, Japan forced Britain to close the Burma Road, thus cutting China from the rest of the world In response to Japan s aggressive stance and cruelty in China, the United States froze Japanese assets

20 Sino-Japanese War ( )

21 Chiang Kai-shek With the Chinese moving to the interior, Chiang Kai-shek still held back He still saw his opportunity to defeat the Communists

22 Mao Zedong Mao saw this as an opportunity to improve his position with the Chinese Mao used the Japanese occupation as a way to unite the peasants against the Japanese while bringing them to the Communist Party

23 World War II During WW II, the united Chinese Army fought the Japanese, but they also took shots at each other too. The Chinese did not help end WW II, but like other places in the world Stalin and the United States saw the China was too big and too valuable to have it fall to the other side

24 World War II During WW II, Mao was able to garner more support than Chiang Kai-shek Mao believed that the peasants were the key to victory Between 1945 and 1949 these two forces fought each other with support and aid coming from the USA and USSR, but Truman in the end saw that the communists had won.

25 The Great New Beginning On Oct. 1, 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People s Republic of China (PRC)

26 Why Mao Won Mao won support of women Mao s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt Many Chinese felt that for too long foreigners dominated China Peasants received land Never forgave Chiang Kai-shek for decisions during Japanese Invasion

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28 Early Beginnings Vietnam has been property of two major countries The Chinese Dynasties of the Ch in, Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming, and Qing all showed military dominance over Vietnam for over 2,000 years Once the Qing Dynasty was depleted of it s power and ability to rule by the west, Vietnam became the property of the French

29 French Rule The French first invaded Vietnam in 1858 By 1881, the French pushed their interests into the areas that are now considered Laos and Cambodia along with Vietnam China fought the French to the best of their ability, but they were no match for the French naval fleet.

30 French Rule The French were brutal and oppressive towards the Vietnamese The French forced the people of Vietnam to learn the western alphabet Over the years, the French changed the Vietnamese economy from a system that was self-supportive, to a country that worked just to pay taxes to the French

31 French Rule Vietnam stayed a French colony through the end of World War I and the interwar years. In 1930, groups of revolutionary cells revolted against the French government Tactically the uprising was a failure, but in terms of spirit and determination to a free Vietnam, it was a start

32 Ho Chi Minh ( ) Real name: Nguyen That Thanh Leader of the North Vietnamese, known as the Viet Minh, known to the USA as Viet Cong His home province was known as a hotbed of resistance to the French, Nghe An

33 Ho Chi Minh ( ) Ho Chi Minh lived in France during 1919 and tried to approach Woodrow Wilson and his 14 points, Ho Chi Minh wished to talk to him about colonialism Ho Chi Minh held many jobs during his lifetime. He was also arrested many times too He lived in the USSR during the 1924 because of the inspiration of Lenin and the Communist Manifesto

34 Ho Chi Minh ( ) Ho Chi Minh s work for during the 1930 s and 1940 s was to try to organize Vietnamese exiles towards independence in their homeland As noted earlier, Yen Bai Uprising was the first organized revolt against the French He later escaped back to China and met with Mao Zedong

35 Ho Chi Minh and World War II Ho Chi Minh s distrust of the Japanese came to fruition during WW II. During WW II, two major events occurred for Vietnam The Vietnam Independence League was created and Ho Chi Minh officially changed his name to Ho Chi Minh

36 World War II During WW II Ho Chi Minh was cut off from his Chinese and Soviet help In 1942, Ho Chi Minh was arrested by Chiang Kaishek s forces

37 World War II Ho Chi Minh was release the next year, and by 1944 he was back in Vietnam Ho Chi Minh realized that the Allies were going to win. It was then that he knew his ultimate plan was going to start unfolding

38 The Turning Point 1946 France had no intentions of giving Vietnam independence. As a compromise, the Allies had Vietnam split in two. Ho Chi Minh had to deal with Chinese Invasions French Influence Controlling not only the north, but south