Republic of China Flag Post Imperial China. People s Republic of China Flag Republic of China - Taiwan

Transcription

1 Republic of China Flag 1928 Post Imperial China Republic of China - Taiwan People s Republic of China Flag 1949

2 Yuan Shikai Sun Yat-sen Yuan Shikai becomes 1 st president wants to be emperor (dies 1916) Guomindang (Kuomintang - KMT)- The National People s Party Nationalist Party WWI Japan (Allied power) grabs parts of China -China declares war on Germany May 4, 1919 = May 4 th Movement protest against agreeing to Japan s demands on China 1921 Sun Yat-sen turns to USSR for help (West didn t help) Sun Yat-sen dies in 1925, by 1926, the Guomindang was splitting capitals: Warlord in Beijing, CCP in Wuhan, Nationalists in Nanjing

3 Trouble and Change for the CCP By 1928, Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist) controlled all of China. Mao Zedong (CCP) decided to focus on the countryside and the peasants (not Marxist) Chiang kept attacking CCP (making Mao stronger fewer leaders) Oct 1934 THE LONG MARCH CCP retreat from advancing Nationalist forces. 100,000 start, 12,500 km later, 8000 are left. Mao is unchallenged leader of CCP Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong

4 Manchuria Manchukuo and the 2 nd Sino- Japanese War (WWII) 1931, Japan seized Manchuria -they want the natural resources and lebensraum Japan places Puyi in charge of Manchukuo he is a puppet of the Japanese July 7, 1937 Marco Polo Bridge incident, gave Japan reason to attack China beginning of undeclared war with China CCP and Nationalists unite to stop Japan USA supports the Nationalist govt. (but tried to get the two parties to work together against the Japanese) CCP Nationalist truce in Didn t work USA pulls out in 1947 CCP had support of the peasants (countryside) PLA (People Liberation Army) was beating Nationalist army 1949 Chiang retreats to Taiwan Oct 1, 1949, Mao declares the People s Republic of China established

5 5 Year plans and the Great Leap Forward Economic plans used to set goals for production (common in communist countries) The Great Leap Forward the second 5 year plan ( ) aimed at increasing production through emphasizing political ideology People were forced to move to the countryside and work on farms, in mines, or on public work projects Farms were made into agricultural collectives (people s communes) 1958 the production report was exaggerated there was actually a shortage of food The Great Leap was a total economic failure (no food, no industry..), possibly millions starved to death. 1959, Mao stepped down as chairman of the PRC (in shame)

6 The Cultural Revolution In the early 1960 s, Mao was not a central figure (though he had titles) He grew uneasy about the direction of China thought China had lost its revolutionary ways and put too much emphasis on economic growth Mao began the Socialist Education Movement to bring back the revolutions vitality Mid 65 through 68, Mao gained control of the CCP and began purges The PLA (army) was on Mao s side He also utilized students (the Red Guard) to attack counter-revolutionaries [rival Red Guard units fought each other] Eventually the only power structure remaining was the Army, and officers finally put down the leftist radicals (Red Guard) "We'll destroy old world and build new."

7 Cultural Revolution cont. By 1968, Mao realized the futility of more violence and in 1969 USSR and Chinese troops class over Ussuri River (rallying point for China) the CCP had to rebuild the PLA played a major role (Zhou Enlai made alliance with moderate factions of the PLA important in the future) Major goal during this period was improved relations with the West to counter the USSR Lin Biao (Mao s former ally) tries to stage a coup in 1971, he fails and flees (and dies in an airplane crash ). The Leftists are out of power (the PLA is purged of leftists)

8 Last years of Mao and China after Mao 72-76: Deng Xiaoping (recently released from prison) and Zhou Enlai gained more influence in the CCP they were moderates They pushed the 4 Modernizations : Agriculture, Industry, National Defense, and Science and Technology 1976: Mao and Zhou die, and large earthquake loss of Mandate? After Mao s death, his allies were vulnerable and were arrested (the Gang of 4) Deng becomes the prominent figure in China until 1987

9 Tiananmen Square Massacre Deng s reforms resulted in 2 anti government attitudes 1) not enough change (students and intellectuals) 2) too many changes loss of jobs and inflation (workers) (rural peasants were still basically loyal to Government) Trigger event: Death of Hu Yaobang (April 1989) former General Secretary of the CCP, who was ousted in 1987 as being too liberal People began mourning (official mourning period), but they used this opportunity to protest for more reforms (in Hu s honor) They call themselves the new May 4 movement (1919) Students began the demonstrations but were joined by workers when they focused on government corruption

10 Tiananmen cont. Fortunate coincidence: Premier Mikhail Gorbachev was visiting China, so foreign reporters were present. When Gorbachev left, the foreign press remained. May 20 th : Martial Law was declared May 30 th : The Goddess of Democracy was erected June 4 th : Tanks role in most of the deaths occur outside of Tiananmen square (in the streets leading up to Tiananmen) For the next several days, the military occupies Tiananmen people confront the military and are shot as they ran away. Deaths???? Lesson from Tiananmen The CCP will allow economic reforms to placate the people, but political/governmental reforms are off limits.

11 Tank Man video video.google.com/videoplay?docid= &hl=e