Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada. Section 12: The Second World War & Canada s Involvement Part 1

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1 Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Section 12: The Second World War & Canada s Involvement Part 1

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation found in your textbook The Second World War: Pages

3 World War 2: background before the war What was happening in Europe before World War 2 (WW2) broke out? Economic problems Great Depression Many countries struggled in terms of employment rates especially Germany low value of the German Deutsmark (German dollar) & Germany had to pay reparations as a punishment for WW1 These economic struggles led to people questioning capitalism & the governments in power (like in notes 2.10) new political parties emerged Fascist parties in Germany, Italy & Spain Because of time constraints we will focus on the rise of Adolf Hitler s nazi party in Germany

4 World War 2: background before the war How did Hitler s nazi party begin? Election of Hitler to government in 1933 he slowly takes full power away from the chancellor of Germany Hitler convinced the population (a large portion) of Germany that he would restore Germany s greatness again He used extreme nationalism, militaristic policies and racism to push his ideologies propaganda as a vehicle to do this

5 World War 2: background before the war Hitler is sworn in as Germany s chancellor January 30 th, 1933 Source: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

6 World War 2: background before the war Nazi book burning of books that are un-german May 10 th, 1933 Source: The United States Holocaust Museum. <

7 World War 2: background before the war Typical propaganda billboard found in Germany during nazi rule Source: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

" Germany, 1936 Source: The United States holocaust Memorial

8 World War 2: background before the war Anti-Semitic propaganda book: Trust No Fox in the Green Meadow and No Jew on his Oath." Germany, 1936 Source: The United States holocaust Memorial Museum. <

9 World War 2: background before the war Children read from the nazi propaganda book The Poisonous Mushroom Source: The United States holocaust Memorial Museum. <

10 World War 2: background before the war How did Hitler s nazi party develop Germany once they gained power? Hitler broke rules established by the treaty of Versailles a document signed after Germany/Austria-Hungary lost WW1 Hitler grew Germany s army in size more soldiers/more military equipment Hitler Started to annex (take over and control) other countries/territories 1938 Annexation of parts of Czechoslovakia and all of Austria

11 World War 2: background before the war Crowds of people greet Hitler and German soldiers during the annexation of Austria Source: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <

12 World War 2: background before the war German soldiers enter Prague during the annexation of Czechoslovakia Source: PBS. <

13 World War 2: background before the war How did Hitler s nazi party rule Germany once they gained power? Hitler used his power to create a secret police force The Gestapo to help his arrest and eliminate political parties that opposed him essentially eliminating democracy in Germany Hitler targeted undesirables Jewish population, Roma, people who were gay and individuals with disabilities Most notable was the Holocaust the systematic murder of millions of Jewish people across Europe (we focused on this topic in term 1 Ethics)

14 World War 2: background before the war The Path to Nazi Genocide Documentary published by: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Can be found on Youtube at:

15 World War 2: background before the war How did Canada and other western countries react to Adolf Hitler and the nazi party in the late 1930s? Many world leaders understood what the nazis were doing was horrible The League of Nations did nothing even after the nazis annexed Austria World leaders, like Canada s PM W.L. Mackenzie King followed a policy of appeasement (don t get involved so another world war does not start) they figured Hitler would eventually stop until he didn t stop

World War 2: background before the war Quebec Conference in August 1943 Left: Canadian Prime Minister, William Lyon McKenzie King Center: American President Franklin D.

16 World War 2: background before the war Quebec Conference in August 1943 Left: Canadian Prime Minister, William Lyon McKenzie King Center: American President Franklin D. Roosevelt Right: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill Source: The Canadian Encyclopedia Online.<

17 World War 2: background before the war When did Canada join WW2? On September 1 st, 1939 Hitler and Germany invaded Poland The UK, and France declared war on Germany on September 3 rd, 1939 Canada declared war on Germany on September 10 th, 1939 Canada was able to declare war on its own without official approval of the King of England remember the Statute of Westminster in 1931 However, Canada asked King George III on September 9 th with his approval Canada declared war on Germany the next day The United States and Soviet Union (Russia) declared war on Germany in years after Canada Canada, UK, France, Soviet Union, the USA ALLIES Germany, Italy, Japan AXIS

18 World War 2: background before the war Source: Maps of the World.<

19 World War 2: background before the war Prime Minister Mackenzie King's request to King George VI for approval that war be declared against Germany, 10 September 1939 Source: Wikiwand.<

20 World War 2: background before the war John Collins political cartoon, Montreal Gazette - depicting the passing of the torch from WW1 soldiers to soldiers fighting in WW2 Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

21 How did Canada s wartime government react to another world war? After the declaration of war on Germany implementation of the War Measures Act just like WW1: Government control of the economy wartime production force factories to produce material/equipment needed for the war effort Control of prices of goods and wages for workers Rationing/ Salvage control/limit how much the general public could consume (certain goods/materials) Interment camps/ work camps for enemy aliens people the federal government thought may be spies for the

22 Wartime production 1940 creation of the Department of Munitions and Supply government branch that controlled/managed the production of ammunitions/equipment for the war effort in Europe AND the Pacific Canada made sure to use as many resources to help the war effort natural resources, manufactured materials, food, money WW2 caused the Canadian economy to BOOM Canada supplied military equipment, ammunition and food to Canadian soldiers and other Allies Factories in Canada were retrofitted to adjust so they could produce equipment for the soldiers

Workers assembling military trucks at the plant of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Windsor, Ont., November 1940.

23 Workers assembling military trucks at the plant of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Windsor, Ont., November Source: Canadian War Museum. <

24 Assembly of Consolidated 'Canso' A flying boat at Canadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal, P.Q., April 1944 Source: Canadian War Museum. <

25 The Globe and Mail newspaper article discussing Canada s ship building during WW2 April 29 th, 1941 Source: The Canadian War Museum. <

originally built to make trains) Source: Canada at War.

26 Valentine tanks produced in Montreal at the Angus Shops (remember notes from chapter 2 Angus shops were originally built to make trains) Source: Canada at War. <

Cartoon depicting Canadian wartime production for the war effort in Europe -WW2 Drawn by John Collins for the Montreal Gazette around 1939 Source:

27 Cartoon depicting Canadian wartime production for the war effort in Europe -WW2 Drawn by John Collins for the Montreal Gazette around 1939 Source: McCord Museum Online. <

28 Wartime production how did Canada pay for it all? From Canada s military budget went from $35 million to $4.24 billion Canada had to borrow from banks which created debt Canada used Victory Bonds to help pay for the debt (like in WW1) Canada also issues War Savings Certificates and War Savings Stamps people who could only give small amounts even children were asked to give money by collecting War Savings Stamps The War Savings Certificates and Stamps were able to give back 25% over 7 ½ years if someone invested $40 they would get $50 back

29 Victory Bonds poster, "They Menace Canada on Both Coasts," 1942 Source: Archives Canada. <

30 Victory Bonds poster, "Donnez nous les outils et nous finirons la tâche -- Il faut en finir!« Source: Archives Canada. <

<http://www.wyattheritage.com/homefront/main.

31 War Savings stamps: Buy stamps for $0.25 Fill up the booklet After $5.00 you get a savings certificate to keep and build interest Source: Wyatt Heritage Center.<

32 Controlling prices and wages The Canadian government made sure the cost of living for Canadians didn t increase too much during WW2 The cost of goods increased between 1939 and 1941 However the federal government put a freeze on prices of goods AND the amount workers were paid Doing this allowed Canadians to live decent lifestyles during the war AND to make sure the Canadian dollar did not lose it s value Canadians were concerned that companies producing military equipment cared more about profit

33 Canadian Propaganda revealing Canadian cost of living during war time compared to other countries Source: Canadian War Museum.<

34 Political cartoon depicting the potential for greed during wartime Canada Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

35 Rationing during WW2 In order to produce the equipment needed for the war effort Canadians needed to cut back on goods rationing A good example stockings for women made from nylon parachutes made from nylon women could not buy stockings because nylon was needed for parachutes Also: Canada needed to feed its soldiers but also wanted to make sure Canadians in Canada had enough food The Canadian government controlled how much of certain types of food could be bought 1942 sugar was the first rationed item Eventually tea, coffee, meat, butter and maple syrup Meat when meat was bought at the butcher, a blue token was given in order to get the rationed 3 pounds of meat per week

Store clerk setting up rationing sign in Montreal - 1943 Source: Canadian Legion

36 Store clerk setting up rationing sign in Montreal Source: Canadian Legion Magazine. <

<https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/postersbroadsides/026023-7200-e.

37 Left: Propaganda poster asking Canadians to save food Right: Warning to Residents of Summerside, Prince Edward Island regarding meat rationing Source: Archives Canada. < Source: Wyatt Heritage. <

38 Picture of Canadian woman drawing on nylon lines to make it look as thought she is wearing nylon stockings Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 179

39 Canadian propaganda poster asking Canadians to save materials that could be used/recycled for military equipment Source: Canadian War Museum.<

40 Salvaging during WW2 Materials were needed to produce equipment for the war effort The Department of National War Services Canadians were encouraged to recycle/salvage/donate goods that were made out of metal, rubber and nylon People were also encouraged to save cooking oils/fats to help make explosives Asking Canadians to help by rationing and salvaging made everyone feel as though they were part of the war effort

41 Metal pots and pans being collected to be recycled for military equipment Ottawa, 1941 Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 179

42 Canadian government propaganda asking Canadians to save rubber that could be used/recycled for military equipment Source: Canadian War Museum.<

43 Canadian government propaganda asking Canadians to save fat and bones from kitchen scraps that could be used/recycled for ammunition/explosives Source: Wyatt Heritage.<

44 National Resources and Mobilization act of 1940 At the start of WW2 Canadian government promised NOT to have conscription In 1940 National Resources and Mobilization Act This act allowed the Canadian government to register men eligible for home defence military service (military work in Canada) Young single men were registered first, then married men The Act also helped created Canada s Department of Munitions and Supply a part of the Canadian government that took care of resources for the war effort

45 Wait for me daddy! : A famous photograph of a Canadian soldier leaving for deployment in WW2. His son chases him down

46 Personnel of the Saskatoon Light Infantry firing a 3-inch mortar, near Ortona, Italy, January 5, 1944 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account. <

Personnel of The Royal Edmonton Regiment digging out Lance- Corporal Roy Boyd, a comrade who was buried alive for 3 1/2 days in the wreckage of a demolished

47 Personnel of The Royal Edmonton Regiment digging out Lance- Corporal Roy Boyd, a comrade who was buried alive for 3 1/2 days in the wreckage of a demolished building, Ortona, Italy, December 30, 1943 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account. <

48 Infantrymen of the North Nova Scotia Highlanders advancing towards Zutphen, Dorterhoek, Netherlands, April 8, 1945 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account. <

49 Major Roy C. H. Durnford, Chaplain of the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, conducting a burial service, San Leonardo di Ortona, Italy, December 10, 1943 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account. <

50 Graves of personnel of the Edmonton Regiment killed in the Battle of Ortona Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account. <

51 Canadian military forces and the Plebiscite of 1942 Mackenzie King Canada s Prime Minister promised no conscription at the start of the war Just like WW1 there was no conscription at the start of WW2 Soldiers were taken on a voluntary basis By 1942 decline of volunteers and a high number of deaths/injured in combat Canada (federal government) had to organize a plebiscite Plebiscite = the government asking the population to vote on a political decision the government DOES NOT have to respect what the populations says

52 Canadian military forces and the Plebiscite of 1942 The plebiscite asked the Canadian population to release the government from its promise of no conscription (if needed later on in the war) The federal government was hoping that the war would be over before conscription was needed What were the results of the plebiscite? All of Canada: 63.7% YES / 36.3% NO Quebec only: 28.8% YES / 71.2% NO It was clear that French Canadians in Quebec DID NOT want conscription By 1944 conscription was implemented but only 2500 conscripted soldiers fought in the war before it ended

53 2 Editorial-opinion cartoons regarding the issue of conscription during WW2 Canada Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

54 The plebiscite question in April, 1942 Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

Anti Conscription demonstrations in Montreal March, 1939 Many FC were opposed to conscription during WW2 This is evident even before the plebiscite of

55 Anti Conscription demonstrations in Montreal March, 1939 Many FC were opposed to conscription during WW2 This is evident even before the plebiscite of 1942 This demonstration took place in 1939 Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

56 Anti Conscription flyer in Montreal 1942 Flyer published by the Henri Bourassa council Source: The Montreal Gazette. <

57 Source: Canadian Primary Sources in the Classroom. <

58 Editorial/ Opinion cartoon from the Evening Citizen Newspaper April 30 th, 1942 Source: The Evening Citizen. April 30 th, 1942

59 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

Name: Group: 404- Date:

Name: Group: 404- Date: Notes 2.12 Chapter 2: 1896-1945: Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Section 12: The Second World War and Canada s Involvement PART 2 Pages that correspond to this presentation