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1 World War II ( )
2 Causes for World War II UNDERLYING: Treaty of Versailles unrealistic expectations of the Germans Millions in War Reparations Rules required a completely ineffective German military Lead to the creation of a very weak republican government known as The Weimar Republic Failure of League of Nations German Nationalism Germans had a lot to prove to themselves and the world The Conditions were ripe for a powerful dictator to rise up and reestablish German Pride!! A dictator is a ruler who gains total control of a populace and maintains it by force
3 Causes for World War II UNDERLYING: Worldwide Depression Germans were especially hit hard by the depression Massive inflation caused German Mark (money) to be nearly worthless At it s height in 1924, 1 US dollar was worth 4 trillion 200 billion German Marks.
4 Causes for World War II UNDERLYING: German Imperial Expansion Hitler invades Austria, and Sudetenland on Czech border The policy of appeasement Appeasement- is the policy of giving in to enemy demands in order to avoid a conflict Munich Conference (1938): British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed to allow Germany to maintain control of conquered land Chamberlain: Peace in our time British rearmament
5 Causes for World War II UNDERLYING: American Isolationism Majority of Americans more concerned about the American economy than foreign wars Tried to prevent mistakes that led to WWI involvement 1935: First Neutrality Act (no sale of arms to belligerent nations) 1937: Arm sales only on cash and carry basis FDR warns of impending problems Let no one imagine that we will escape that this western hemisphere will not be attacked outraged many isolationists
6 Causes for World War II DIRECT CAUSE: Germany invading Poland on September 1 st, 1939
7 The Axis Powers!!! The Rise of Fascism
8 Fascism A radically nationalistic government based around a Dictator who forcibly suppresses opposition and individual freedom for the sake of stability and order.
9 Hitler and Nazi Germany Rise to power as a result of weakness of the previous government (1933- became Chancellor) He was a Charismatic speaker, preached German nationalism, denounced Versailles Treaty Blamed Jews and communists for Germany s problems Promised return of German pride and power
10 Benito Mussolini in Italy Fascist leader who took control of Italy in 1922 Wanted to create another Roman Empire Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 Supported Hitler s Imperialistic expansion
11 Japanese Expansion Japan, under the control of the military (Gen. Hideki Tojo) sought total control of Pacific (resources) military occupation of Manchuria Japan signs Pact with Germany, Italy Nanking Massacre- December 1937
12 The Axis Alliance Germany, Italy, Japan, and their conquered territories combined to form an Alliance known as the Axis Powers. These countries united based on their fascist ideals of intolerance and superiority of their people
13 World War II ( )
14 Blitzkreig!!! March Hitler breaks Munich Conference agreement, invades the rest of Czechoslovakia August Hitler signs nonaggression pact with rival USSR September 1, blitzkrieg (or lightening war) invasion of Poland German blitz of Warsaw Britain and France declare war on Germany September Marking to beginning of WWII
15 Hitler s Conquest in Europe April Hitler seizes Norway, Denmark May- Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg fall By June, Hitler controls France and turns his attention to Great Britain Fall Battle of Britain London heavily bombed but Churchill remains defiant British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
16 Coventry England November 1940 April Hitler seizes Norway, Denmark May- Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg fall By June, Hitler controls France and turns his attention to Great Britain Fall Battle of Britain London heavily bombed but Churchill remains defiant British Prime Minister Winston Churchill
17 The United States and Britain Roosevelt revises Neutrality Act, allows for arms trade Public opinion divided Election of FDR wins 3 rd term
18 1940 Destroyers for Bases : called for 50 American destroyers to be exchanged for the use of 8 British naval bases along the North Atlantic coast 1941 Lend-Lease Act : made it possible to lend or lease supplies to any country whose interests were vital (GB)- $50 billion owed to U.S.
19 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor United States and Japan Japan was extending it s influence in the Pacific July 1940: U.S. embargo of raw materials to Japan Embargo: a government ban on trade 1941: Lend-Lease aid to China December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
20 Images of Pearl Harbor Statistics of Damage: Causalities: 2403 killed 1178 injured Naval Ships: 9 destroyed 14 damaged Aircraft: 188 destroyed
21 Images of Pearl Harbor
22 America Enters War Pearl Harbor attack devastates nation FDR: A date which will live in infamy December 8, FDR receives war declaration from Congress against Japan Germany, Italy declare war on United States Dec. 11 th FDR addresses Congress after Pearl Harbor attack
23 Allied Powers -England The Participants Axis Powers -Germany -Soviet Union (after German attack on June 22, 1941) -France -Italy -Japan -United States
24 Wartime propaganda In 1942 FDR established the Office of War Information (OWI) The OWI used every form of media from print to Hollywood movie studios to influence American opinions about the war
25 Wartime propaganda In 1942 FDR established the Office of War Information (OWI) The OWI used every form of media from print to Hollywood movie studios to influence American opinions about the war
26 The Country Mobilizes for War Economic focus shifts to mobilizing the military Massive industrial output through the War Production Board (WPB) Mandated the rationing of resources ie: Gas, Metal, Rubber through the Office of Price Admnistration (OPA) Primary focus: tanks, planes, battleships, and guns twice as productive as Germany, 5 times Japan Military Conscription (the draft) 10 million men drafted
27 World War II- The Homefront American industry was key to victory War bonds (borrowed $$$ from Americans) raised about $50 billion for war effort Women filling in for men off at war Rosie the Riveter inspired many women to contribute Victory Gardens supplied Americans with 1/3 of their food supply
28 Japanese Internment February, 1942: FDR issues Executive Exclusion Order 9066 Over 100,000 Japanese- Americans on West Coast moved to internment camps in the interior Japanese farms and businesses purchased far below their actual value
29
30 Total War Allied and Axis powers carried out a policy of Total War against each other Total War: warfare unrestricted to who can be targeted or what weapons can be used Britain and U.S. air raid strategic sights in Germany Flying Fortresses: Boeing B-17 s fire bomb the City of Berlin British bombers used Saturation Bombing to cause maximum damage to large German Cities Americans used Strategic Bombing to take out important military facilities like factories, railways, harbors etc.
31 Total War
32 African Americans in WWII African American s were segregated into all black units during WWII by law Patton s Black Panther Tank Battalion 1 st Lt. Jack Robinson Tuskegee Airmen (red tails) WWII effort directly led to later civil rights movement July, 1948: Pres. Truman signs Executive Order integrating US military
33 Allied Advances in Europe ( ) January, 1943: Allies agree to fight until they win unconditional surrender (complete surrender with no compromises) February, 1943: Soviets gain victory over Germans at Stalingrad Begin advancing towards Germany
34 D-Day The Allied Forces decide on a massive invasion of German Occupied France in what was known as Operation Overlord June 6 th 1944 Allies storm the Beaches of Normandy France Battle at Normandy lasted from June 6-July 24 August 25, 1944: France liberated (set free)
35 Germany s Last Gasp Effort Hitler was caught between Allied troops coming from the West and Stalin s forces coming from the East. December 1944: Battle of the Bulge April 25, 1945: Russia and Allied Forces meet at the Elbe River May 8, 1945: Germany surrenders (V-E DAY)
36 The Holocaust The attempted Genocide (or systematic destruction of an entire people) of the Jewish People by the Nazi s Nazi s established some 20,000 concentration camps through out Europe In all about 6 million Jews were killed Approx. 5 million others killed as well (Gypsies, Communists, Homosexuals, Political Dissidents, and Mentally Handicapped)
37 The attempted Genocide (or systematic destruction of an entire people) of the Jewish People by the Nazi s Nazi s established some 20,000 concentration camps through out Europe In all about 6 million Jews were killed Approx. 5 million others killed as well (Gypsies, Communists, Homosexuals, Political Dissidents, and Mentally Handicapped) The Holocaust
38 Allied Military Strategy in the Pacific ( ) By 1942, Japan had control of almost the entire Pacific East of Hawaii The Americans decided on an Active defense campaign to stop the spread of Japan while they focused on defeating Hitler Battle of the Coral Sea (May,1942) Battle of Midway (June, 1942) Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug Feb. 1943)
39 The Pacific Theatre of War The Allies took control of several islands in the Pacific under the leadership of Comanding General Douglas MacArthur The Philippines (1944) Iwo Jima (1945) Okinawa (1945) They used an Island Hopping strategy taking over some strategic islands while skipping over others.
40 The Alternative to Surrender is Prompt and Utter Destruction -Potsdam Ultimatum The first atomic bomb was created by the United States as part of the top secret Manhattan Project August 6, 1945: Little Boy atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima (up to 150,000 killed) August 9, 1945: Fat Man atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (up to 75,000 killed)
41 The Alternative to Surrender is Prompt and Utter Destruction -Potsdam Ultimatum The first atomic bomb was created by the United States as part of the top secret Manhattan Project August 6, 1945: Little Boy atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima (up to 150,000 killed) August 9, 1945: Fat Man atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (up to 75,000 killed)
42 The War is Over Japan surrenders to Allied Forces on the U.S. Missouri after the second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki- August 15 th V-J Day
43 Benefits of the War Finally revived the American Economy Established a new league of nations called the United Nations to help ensure a lasting peace through out the world Massive Technological and Medical Advances Radar Calculating Machines (first computers) Jet Engines Penicillin Nuclear Power Space Propulsion Rockets Once again redrew the map of Europe and established an Independent Jewish state in Israel
44 Benefits of the War Finally revived the American Economy Established a new league of nations called the United Nations to help ensure a lasting peace through out the world Massive Technological and Medical Advances Radar Calculating Machines (first computers) Jet Engines Penicillin Nuclear Power Space Propulsion Rockets Once again redrew the map of Europe and established an Independent Jewish state in Israel
45 After WWII
46 THE COSTS OF THE WAR U.S. suffered 400,000 military deaths World sustained at least 60 million deaths with soldiers and civilians combined Over 25 million Russians alone died Over 10 million people died in death camps New fears arose after the war The fight to contain Communism and concerns over the use of Atomic Weapons leads to the beginning of the COLD WAR ERA!!
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