Aztecs. Inca. Silk Road. Trans-Sahara Trade. Songhai wealth from Gold-Salt Trade. Emperor controls trade with enclaves

Transcription

1 England France both modern & wealthy Expands Capital renamed Istanbul United by Islam Emperor controls trade with enclaves Goods: Paper, silk, compass Russia poor, mostly farmers Coffee, ceramics, numeral system Aztecs Trans-Sahara Trade Silk Road Emperor controlled by shogun military leader Inca Songhai wealth from Gold-Salt Trade Taj Mahal Islamic influence Trade silk, spices, gems, & textiles in European trading posts Isolated from outside influence

2 Mona Lisa Rebirth of classical knowledge by Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance man Begins in Italian city-states Spreads to Northern Europe Humanism focus on human values and accomplishments, learning Sistine Chapel By Michelangelo realist painter & sculptor Shakespeare English playwright, poet of Northern Renaissance Machiavelli The Prince

3 Martin Luther Italians dominate Corruption and sale of indulgences Huge wealth & influence of merchants Salvation by faith alone All humans equal before God Posts 95 Theses (problems) on church door Begins Protestant movement

4 Henry VIII of England Pope in Rome English church John Calvin property as his Predestination What will happen to you Protestant movement Elizabeth I Anglican Church Dissenters Spanish Armada Colonies

5 Princes 30 Years War remains Catholic Edict of Nantes Calvinists in France Makes 30 Years War political John Wycliffe Jan Huss Council of Trent Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Inquisition individualism secularism Printing press Religious toleration Higher literacy, spreads new ideas

6 Vasco da Gama Portugal Sails around Africa to create trade route to India Columbus Spain Reaches the New World, decimates indigenous Americans Magellan Spain His crew 1 st to sail around the world, he dies in Philippines Hernan Cortes Spain Conquistador, conquered the Aztecs in Central Mexico Francisco Pizarro Spain Conquistador, conquered the Inca in Peru Francis Drake England Privateer, sailed around the world, defeated Spanish Armada Jacques Cartier France Reached Canada and claimed it for France

7 Europeans Horses, cattle, diseases that kill many Indians Plantation lifestyles completely leads to slavery economy and environment America Rigid class system Colonies imitate mother country Christianity Europe Prince Henry of Portugal pioneers exploration Demand for gold Competition for colonies Africa European trading ports Slaves & gold exported Christianity spreads Western Hemisphere Native Americans Corn, potatoes, tobacco Economic practice, colonies benefit mother country banking system & money for markets

8 Centralize Power take all of it for themselves Louis XIV France Builds palace of Versailles Rule by Divine Right God s will Spends to expand royal power Ignores Parliament, raises taxes Puritan military leader Peter the Great Russia Westernizes Russia Builds St. Petersburg Takes nobles power

9 Ignores Parliament, raises taxes Puritan military leader Grants rights Cromwell dies and Charles II restores the monarchy to England and freedoms to Englishmen Royal power Eventual democracy & America s gov Fights with Parliament Factions modern political parties Peaceful, bloodless revolution William Mary share power equally with Parliament

10 Applies reason to human & natural world, stimulates religious tolerance and new government Leviathan Humans exist in nature Government protects us John Locke Government must protect our life, liberty, & property Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws Social Contract Government is a contract between people and ruler

11 Voltaire Thomas Jefferson Mozart Eugene Delacroix Declaration of Independence Concertos, fugues Symphonies, operas Religious toleration, separation of church & state Baroque composer Romantic painter Miguel Cervantes Don Quixote

12 Copernicus developed heliocentric theory Isaac Newton Discovered laws of gravity Kepler Discovered planetary motion William Harvey Discovered blood circulation Galileo Used telescope to support heliocentric theory Reason and observation lead to scientific method

13 Enlightenment Ideas on government The success of the American Revolution Bastille starts the Revolution Terror takes power, uses guillotine to execute Absolute monarchy Napoleon Conquer Europe Napoleonic Code Congress of Vienna Power Map of Europe Political philosophies (Liberal/Conservative)

14 outposts of control for Europe 1823 President Monroe Latin America is independent Threat to America s peace & safety Catholicism Viceroys mother countries Mining Mexico City Havana France in war Toussaint L Ouvture slavery in Haiti (1 st one)

15 Miguel Hidalgo Lima Enlightenment liberated northern Creole from Venezuela Buenos Aires Sao Paulo Class system (Creoles, Mestizos, Natives)

16 National pride in your country s interests Germans & Italy unhappy with result Congress of Vienna Unsuccessful revolutions in 1848 Leads the Red Shirts in joining Northern & Southern Italy Uses nationalism to unify Northern Italy In Rome are the last to join and unify the country of Italy Great Britain expands political rights

17 Nationalism Franco-Prussian War

18 England Natural resources (coal, iron), stable government, steam engine Increased education Better standard of living Better transportation Urbanization - more cities Harsh working conditions Factory system ends cottage industries Pollution & poor housing Enclosure movement

19 James Watt James Hargreaves Eli Whitney Henry Bessemer Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Steam Engine Spinning jenny used in England s textile factories Cotton Gin demand for labor leads to slavery Process for making strong, cheap steel Smallpox vaccine Discovers bacteria & cause of sickness

20 Directly ruled by foreign power (America 13 colonies) Country protected by another 1 (Vietnam) Region where 1 country gets trading rights (China) Nationalism competition for power & wealth Industrial Revolution demand for natural resources and markets European conflicts brought to colonies Dutch & British set up trading ports in India Christian missionaries convert natives to Christianity Built in Egypt to cut travel time to India, England controls it Held in 1884, European Powers divide up Africa for themselves Matthew Perry 1854 America East India Company

21 Built in Egypt to cut travel time to India, England controls it Held in 1884, European Powers divide up Africa for themselves Matthew Perry 1854 America East India Company Spheres of Influence Great Britain Indian National Congress & pushes for independence Foreigners Boxer Boxers attack US merchants

22 ilitarism lliances mperialism ationalism Europe divided into competing groups Central Germany Allies England, France, Russia Competition for colonies, resources, and markets Balkan Peninsula powder keg of ethnic tension Many diplomatic failures Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria starts the war Zimmerman Note makes America join on Allied side Armistice signed & Treaty of Versailles ends the war Russian Revolution forces Russia to leave the war & sign treaty

23 Woodrow Wilson America s president Wanted to stay out of WWI Created 14 Points plan for peace Kaiser Wilhelm II Germany s leader Loses empire after the war to the Allies Forces Germany to accept guilt for war Puts limit on Germany s military Independence for helping Europeans fight in WWI Alliance future wars America weakness Ottoman Empire & Middle east League of Nations England France

24 Japan Landless peasants Tsar Nicholas WWI Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin Communist Soviet Union New Economic Policy Stalin 5 Year Plans Secret police farms Great Purge

25 German reparations High protective tariffs Americans using credit 1929 Stock Market Crash prices unemployment banks political inflation

26 Adolf Hitler Anti-semitism National Socialism Nazi Party Invades & Occupies neighboring countries Joseph Stalin Leads Soviet Union Communist Signs nonaggression pact with Hitler not to fight Benito Mussolini Leads Fascist Party Wants to return Italy to glory of Rome Invades Ethiopia in show of force Hideki Tojo & Hirohito Militarism Industrializes Japan Invade Korea, Manchuria, China for raw materials

27 Giving in to avoid war at the Munich Conference Poland Hideki Tojo & Hirohito Militarism Industrializes Japan Invade Korea, Manchuria, China for raw materials air Germany Japan D-Day France Nazis Britain England over Nazis Soviet Union non-aggression pact America Hiroshima & Nagasaki America s president at the start of WWII President when FDR dies, orders a-bomb dropped England s prime minister who stands up to Nazis Supreme Allied commander of all allied forces US general in charge of the battle in Asia/Pacific

28 1930s-1940s Jews, non- Aryans, disabled Adolf Hitler s Final Solution Soviet Union Political enemies, intellectuals Joseph Stalin & secret police Rwanda 1994 Hutu militia Cambodia 1970 s Artists, enemies, intellectuals

29 Nuremburg Nazis Tokyo Japanese war criminals (Tojo) Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN statement of basic rights all humans deserve Marshall Plan US gives $$ to democracies to prevent communism US occupies under Gen. MacArthur Japan now a powerful, wealthy ally Superpowers America Democracy & free market capitalism NATO military alliance of democracies Support West Germany & Berlin the Soviet Union Soviet Union Communism & state control Warsaw Pact military alliance Take over East Germany, wall off Berlin

30 Yalta Conference England, Soviet Union America Eastern Europe as satellite nations Iron Curtain Truman s Doctrine Deterrent to war Mao Zedong communist Chiang Kai Shek nationalists Taiwan

31 China Communist democratic USA & NATO Divided in 2 today France Ho Chi Minh Contain Vietnam is all communist Economic military Berlin Wall Nationalism NATO military alliance Union Estonia Latvia

32 Indian Subcontinent Led non-violent protest against British rule became 1 st prime minister after Gandhi s assassination Developed nuclear program and allied with Soviets Middle East Israeli Prime Minister led Israel in Yom Kippur War Egypt s president, nationalized Suez Canal, built Aswan Dam & allied with Soviets Africa led violent struggle against English rule in Kenya First black president of South Africa, fought against apartheid

33 Group led by Gandhi that fought for independence prohibited discrimination (caste system) England divided India by religion with Muslims in Pakistan today the world s largest democracy federal system gives most power to states in India has eased financial problems After WWI used to control territories in Mideast Mandate power in Syria & Lebanon Mandate power in Jordan & Palestine Created after WWII out of Palestine Differences create conflicts in Palestine, Israel, etc Gives power of selfdetermination to African colonies imperial rule by Europeans & economic exploitation Fights for independence from France peaceful transitions to independence violent fight for independence long struggle against apartheid (Segregation)

34 1. High Literacy rate 2. Low fertility rate (babies per mother) 3. Slow or no population growth 4. Freemarket economies 5. Large middle class 6. Political freedom 1. High Birth rates = rapid growth 2. Low literacy rates 3. Little access to health care 4. Poverty 5. Poor health Ethnic & religious conflict Climate change illiteracy Pollution rapid growth Terrorism

35 Refugees countries Guest workers temporary Global peace keeping organization lends money to developing nations at a cost free trade agreement between US, Canada, & Mexico Global organization promoting free trade - common currency and easier borders in Europe Munich Olympics 9/11 attacks Car bombings Suicide bombers Airline hijackers Surveillance Review of privacy rights Security at ports and airports Identification badges and photos

36 India & South Asia China, India, Asia Israel, America Middle East & Africa North & South America, Europe Billion Millions Millions Billions Billions Vedas 4 Noble Truths Torah written record of Hebrew beliefs Koran (Qur an) New Testament

37 India & Pakistan China & freedom of religion Arab Israeli conflict Yom Kippur War over Israel Arab-Israeli conflict Middle East Catholics & Protestants in N. Ireland Karma knowledge that all thoughts & actions have consequences Reincarnation rebirth based on karma Enlightenment spiritual happiness 8 Fold Path steps you take to reach Enlightenment 10 Commandments Guide moral & religious conduct 5 Pillars basic acts of faith for all Muslims Mecca & Medina holy sites Muslims should pilgrimage to Jesus as son of God Councils agree on Church doctrine