European History

Transcription

1 European History 101

2 Ancient Greece 800BC ~ 200BC Birthplace of Democracy Known for system of government city-states Spread Greek culture Art and architecture Philosophy, literature, drama Philosophers Socrates, Aristotle and Plato

3 Roman Empire 1000BC ~ 400AD Republic government using Roman Law Conquered Europe, but gave citizenship PAX ROMANA 200 years of peace Systems of roads and aqueducts linking empire Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus

4 Missionaries spread Christianity in Europe Monasteries and convents educated and produced manuscripts Organized Crusades Roman Catholic church and Pope became powerful Rise of Christianity Birth of Christ through Middle Ages

5 Holy Roman Empire German Common Law + Roman Law Wars and conflicts led to kingdoms Charlemagne, King of Franks, conquered much of Europe ~ 800AD Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne s death divided empire into smaller kingdoms of present day France, Spain, Italy, Germany

6 Medieval Society 400AD ~ 1400AD Middle Ages or Dark Ages Powerful small kingdoms Feudal system of kings, lords, knights, peasants (serfs) Guild system of trade craftsmen & apprentices Christian Crusades to retake Holy Lands ~ 1000AD

7 Renaissance 1300AD ~1600AD Florence, Italy French for Rebirth Crusaders brought back new ideas & goods = trade Arts, music, sciences, literature, education and culture flourished Gutenburg printing pressbooks more available Da Vinci, Shakespeare, Michelangelo, Chaucer, Gallileo, Vivaldi

8 Age of Exploration 1400s Age of Discovery Europeans explored new trade routes and lands Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, French, English conquered and colonized Americas Columbian Exchange exchange of ideas & goods between Europe & Americas African Slave trade began Columbus, Magellan, Dias

9 Protestant Reformation ~1500s German Martin Luther protested practices of Catholic church Led to movement to reform Catholic church John Calvin began movement in France, spread to England New Christian faith emerged Protestants martin_luther-1529.jpg

10 Revolution 1700s-1800s 0px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg People wanted to be involved in government Time of unrest and revolt European colonies demanded independence American Revolution French Revolution 1780s Absolute monarchs became constitutional monarchs

11 Industrial Revolution 1790s Began in Great Britain (available human and natural resources) New machines and methods of production Factories increased productivity Led to urban migration, workers unions, and child labor

12 Imperialism 1800s Competition between European countries for new markets European colonization of Africa (Berlin Treaty) European colonization of Asia Complicated European alliances onialafrica.png

13 Europe at War: World War I The Great War Powerful, mass- produced weapons Unprecedented death and destruction Germany forced to pay reparations Great Depression WWI BrainPop Last Veteran Video

14 Russian Revolution 1917 ~ 1922 Czar (monarch) overthrown and murdered by Lenin led Socialists Communist Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) formed Communist government abolished private property, banned religion and eliminated critics Totalitarian government

15 Europe at War: World War II Citation (APA) Speeches from History: Adolph Hitler. United Learning (2004). Retrieved January 31, 2007, from unitedstreaming: Hitler s Nazi party dominates Germany Hitler conquers Europe invades Poland 1939 Holocaust kills 12 million undesirables (6 million Jews) Allies defeat Nazi Germany ures/illustrations/lecture29/hitler.jpg

16 Divided Europe s Germany divided into communist East and democratic West Berlin Wall becomes symbol of division Democratic Western Europe rebuilds Communist Soviet Union controls Eastern Europe Iron Curtain falls

17 Cold War s Tension, conflict and competition between US and Soviet Union Fear of nuclear war NATO Western military alliance Warsaw Pact communist military alliance Race to Space Soviets launch Sputnik 1957

18 United Europe 1990s Soviet & Eastern Europe communism collapses Yugoslavia breaks up in violent civil war Russia and Eastern Europe move towards democracy and market economies European Union (EU) powerful economic alliance