4. Split in Christianity

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2 1. A Rebirth Beginning in Italy around 1350 scholars began to reintroduce classical text and an emphasis on learning occurred resulting in the start of a period of history called the Renaissance.

3 During the Renaissance, a German printer, Johannes Gutenberg developed a revolutionary new printing method using blocks to quickly and cheaply produce books. 2. Huge Invention!

4 3. Great Artists Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo Buonarotti both created some of the most memorable works of art during the Renaissance including the Mona Lisa and David.

5 4. Split in Christianity A German priest, Martin Luther, objected to certain practices in the Catholic Church and started the European Protestant Movement in the 1500s.

6 5. Luther s Gripe Martin Luther believed that the Catholic Church s most serious offense was the selling of certificates of indulgences in which people paid the church in exchange for a reduction in punishment for their sins.

7 6. The Rise of Science During the Renaissance, great scientists such as Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on experimentation and observation.

8 7. Scientific Method Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton used the Scientific Method to solve their problems.

9 8. Germ Killers The population of Native Americans declined dramatically shortly after the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. Millions of Native Americans were wiped out by smallpox, which they had no natural immunity to. With a labor shortage, Europeans increased slave trade from Africa and by the 1700s the Middle Passage had transported millions of Africans to the Americas to become slaves.

10 9. Early Exploration With increased technology, Portugal and Spain competed to find quicker trade routes to Asia the early leaders in this trade. In the 1400s, the Portuguese prince, Henry the Navigator opened a school for sailors and helped train and pay explorers which gave his country the early lead in this profitable trade.

11 10. Indians!? Christopher Columbus knew that the world was round, but he underestimated its circumference therefore, when he arrived in the New World he thought that he was off the coast of India, he called the natives there Indians.

12 During the Enlightenment, certain philosophers promoted the ideas of democracy, active participation of common people in government. During this time period, citizens received more rights (example: Declaration of Rights of Man in France) 11. See the Light

13 12. Sign on the Dotted Line During the time of absolute monarchs (like Elizabeth I) many monarchs believed in Thomas Hobbes idea of a Social Contract (you give up rights in exchange for your protection)

14 13. Upset of the Century When the Spanish Armada was defeated by Great Britain in 1588, catapulting England to world power status.

15 14. Keeping Things in Check Montesquieu s plan for government consisted of 3 branches that oversee the power of each other (see below)

16 John Locke s idea of natural rights inspired the democratic practices that exist in the U.S. and his inspiration can be seen in the U.S. Declaration of Independence. 15. Locke it in

17 Extravagant spending absolute monarchs such as Charles I of England (who raised taxes and dissolved Parliament) and Louis XVI s spending drove the French treasury deeper into debt would lead to their demise as they failed to meet the needs of their citizens who would revolt and overthrow them as leaders during the Enlightenment. 16. It s all about Me

18 17. You want us to keep out? Following the French and Indian War, lands acquired from France weren t allowed to be settled in by colonists because of England s Proclamation Line of 1763.

19 18. Bad Colonists English colonists in America were inspired by Enlightenment thought, questioned the authority of the king, and complained about taxation without representation. This led to the Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre. These colonists were then subject to the Intolerable Acts denying certain freedoms.

20 19. Outvoted Before the French Revolution, members of the 3 rd Estate (which made up 97% of the population) were the only members of French society that were taxed, and only held 1/3 of the votes in the Estates General, while the minority (1 st and 2 nd Estate) held 2/3 of the votes. Eventually, citizens of Paris were fed up with their lack of governmental participation and attacked the king s prison, the Bastille, which started the Revolution.

21 20. God put me here. Divine Right of Kings was an idea many monarchs held prior to the Enlightenment Many of them believed that what ever they decided was the decision of everyone living in their kingdom (state).

22 21. Short, but not Sweet Following the Reign of Terror in which opponents to the French Revolution were killed, Napoleon Bonaparte seized power and became dictator of France. His rule included reforms in French schools, the sale of Louisiana Territory to the U.S., and the rise of Nationalistic thought by other European nations which would lead to his downfall and removal from power.

23 22. Machines change things As productivity increased during the Industrial Revolution between

24 23. Moving In During the Industrial Revolution, many cities grew in population (urbanization) due to increased job opportunities that could be found in cities.

25 24. Power-ful Improvements Originally water power helped run the first machines, followed by steam power, then fossil fuels and electricity.

26 25. Second Class Citizens During the Industrial Revolution, women and children were paid much lower wages than men for more dangerous work.

27 Pollution caused by factories and overcrowding of tenements plagued many urban areas during the Industrial Revolution. 26. Cough, cough!

28 27. Nice Beard During the Industrial Revolution, Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto which argues that society is controlled by economic forces and that factory owners needed to share the profits with their workers. His writings would inspire many of the communist revolutions in the 20 th century.

29 Dangerous machines caused many gruesome injuries and deaths during the Industrial Revolution. Eventually, labor unions were developed by workers to improve their wages and eliminate dangerous working conditions. 28. Cut it off

30 29. Pay Me During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners rarely shared their profits with workers, forcing entire families to work. Governments used Laissez-Faire policies which prevented any governmental interference for these businesspeople.

31 30. Speeding things up Henry Ford s assembly line sped up production by making identical products with interchangeable parts that could be sold at lower costs to consumers.

32 31. Taken advantage of During the Age of Imperialism, labor and resources in Africa, Asia, and South America were exploited by powerful nations. Europeans would redraw the map of Africa and disregard the desires and potential issues of the native people. All of this was done to promote their country s economic interests.

33 32. I ll take some of that Powerful nations in Europe and the U.S. selected items of value to take from weaker countries under their Imperialist policies. Even Asian nations such as Japan would annex Korea to supply them with raw materials to profit during the Industrial Revolution.

34 33. Long time colony India remained under British control for over 300 years, which caused emotions of loyalty and frustration towards British rule.

35 34. Not very popular Following the Spanish-American War, the U.S. annexed the Philippines from Spain, natives their violently resisted American rule.

36 35. Being Disobedient Mohandas Gandhi used non-violent civil disobedience to help the people of India gain their independence from Great Britain

37 36. Do it this way Colonized areas during Imperialism were forced to adopt the language, religion, and cultural customs of their Imperialist rulers. These ruling nations were motivated to take raw materials and have more markets to purchase their manufactured goods which would help expend their business interests around the world.

38 37. Carry a Big Stick President Theodore Roosevelt, commander and chief of the U.S. armed forces, opposed European expansion into the western hemisphere and used the ideas of the Monroe Doctrine and the U.S. new role in the world to keep these foreigners out.

39 38. Geo Quiz You will need to be able to identify the location of the following colonial areas from the Age of Imperialism: Panama Canal -> Ethiopia -> <-India Philippine Islands -> <-South Africa

40 Final Exam Breakdown 50 multiple choice questions (2 points each) Breakdown per test: Renaissance (13), Absolutism (5), Enlightenment (9), Industrial Revolution (8), and Imperialism (9). There will be six (6) matching geography questions from Imperialism Test. Total score will account for 20% of your semester grade You may only use approved paper that I provided for your cheat sheet