Adam Smith. Archduke Ferdinand. Armenians. Bach. Cardinal Richelieu. Charles I. Charles II. Chiang Kai-Shek (Jaing Jieshi)

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1 Adam Smith Author of "Wealth of Nations" in favor of Captilism Adolf Hitler Nazi leader of Germany Archduke Ferdinand Armenians Bach Heir to Austrian throne who was assassinated Targeted by Ottomans for genocide in the Balkans Musician who composed religious music for choirs Benito Mussolini Fascist leader of Italy Cardinal Richelieu Minister who strengthens France by involving the country in the Thirty Years' War Charles I English ruler who was executed following his loss to Parliament in the English Civil War Charles II Chiang Kai-Shek (Jaing Jieshi) English ruler who "restored" the monarchy in England following Cromwell Nationalist leader in the Chinese Civil War

2 Columbus Spanish explorer credited for discovering a "new world" for Spain Count Cavour Unified Northern Italy Da Vinci Renaissance painted who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper Douglas MacAurthur U.S. General in the Pacific during WWII who later led the democratization of Japan Dwight D. Eisenhower Edward Jenner U.S. General in Europe during WWII responsible for the D-Day invasion British physician who produced the world's first vaccine Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin Erasmus Important individual in the idea of humanism, a focus on human potential Francisco Pizarro Francis Drake Spanish explorer who conquered the Incans in South America English explorer who was the first circumnavigate the world

3 Franklin D. Roosevelt Fredrick the Great Galileo Gandhi President of the United States during most of WWII Responsible for making Prussia a great European power through military might Italian scientist that improved the telescope Indian leader of passive resistance and civil disobdience George Marshall U.S. General during WWII later implements a plan of economic aid to Europe Guiseppe Garibaldi Gutenburg United Southern Italy to Northern Italy Invented the printing press and first printed the Bible in 1455 Harry Truman United States president responsible for the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Henry Bessemet Henry VIII Developed new process for making stell Becomes the official head of England's church, the Anglican Church

4 Hernado Cortez Hideki Tojo Hindus and Muslims Hirohito Issac Newton Jacques Cartier Conquered the Aztec Empire for Spain Military leader of Japan during WWII Religious groups that fought each other following India's independence Emperor of Japan; symbol of the state English scientist that established law of universal gravitation French explorer who claimed Canadian territory for France James Watt Improved the sream engine Jean- Jacques Rousseau Believed in direct democracy and wrote the Social Contract Johannes Kelper Brilliant mathematician that established the law of planetary motion John Calvin Strengthens and expands the reformation in France and emphasized predestination

5 John Locke Jomo Kenyatta Joseph Stalin Believed that people are sovereign and wrote the Two Treaties on Government Leader of the Independence movement in Kenya Utilized five-year plans, collectivization, and secret police Karl Marx Along with Engels, wrote the "Communist Manifesto" and "Das Capital" Louis Pasteur Discovered Bacteria Louis XIV Greatest absolute ruler who cancelled the Edict of Nantes and moved his court to Versailles Louis XVI Magellan Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung) French monarch executed during the French revolution His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world Communist leader in the Chinese civil war Martin Luther Wrote the 95 Theses which begins the Reformation. Founder of Protestantism

6 Michelangelo Renaissance painter who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Miguel de Cervantes Spanish novelist who wrote Don Quixote, Considered the first modern novel Montesquieu Mozart Muslims and Croats Napoleon Bonaparte Nicholaus Copernicus Enlightenment thinker who emphasized separation of powers Musician who created a new style of classical composition Targeted by Milosevic for genocide in former Yugoslivia French ruler who goal is to control all of Europe and forge an empire Established the heliocentric ( sun centered universe) theory Oliver Cromwell Puritan general of the English Civil War who later ruled England as a military dictator Ottoman von Bismark Palestinians and Israelis Responsible for the unification of Germany Religious groups fighting over Holy Land

7 Peter the Great Pol Pot Prince Henry Protestants and Catholics Robespierre Shakespeare Simon Bolivar Russian ruler responsible for modernizing Russia Leader of genocide in Cambodia Founded a navigational school in 1415 to perfect navigational skills Religious groups fighting in Northern Ireland Ruler of France who plunger the country in a "reign of terror" by executing "enemies of the state" Famous for sonnets, plays, and essays Leader of South American independence movements Thomas Hobbes Enlightenment thinker who believed that the state must have central authority to mange behavior Toussaint L'Oiverture Leader of Haiti's independence Tutsi Targeted group in the U.S. during most of WWII

8 Vasco da Gama Vladimir Lenin Voltaire Wilhelm II William Harvey Winston Churchill Woodrow Wilson Portuguese explorer who established a trade route to India Leader of the Bolsheviks and implemented the NEP Believed in separation church and state freed of speech Leader of Germany during WWI English doctor who discovers the circulation of blood British Prime Minister who refuses to surrender Germany President of the United States during WWI