Mr. Wasek s IB History Notes for Trimester 2 By Winnie and Mitchell (& Ararat and Kenny but not really)

Transcription

1 Mr. Wasek s IB History Notes for Trimester 2 By Winnie and Mitchell (& Ararat and Kenny but not really) Tuesday, December 6th, 2011 Reference to Past Gave a speech in Osawatomie, Kansas Why this location? Bloody Location TR gave a speech here Roosevelt was going to have a new deal. Truman had a square deal. All means a call to arms for social reform that middle and lower class should have the same opportunities America s Motive to Invade Other Countries Before: To fix communism After: To fix terrorism Essentially, for economic interests Moral Diplomacy and World War I Woodrow Wilson s Character Very moral and righteous individual; very racist though Reintroduced segregation in Washington D.C. Born in Virginia His ideas were based on his religious beliefs Thought TR s ideas were crude and abrasive Banks What were the federal banks designed to do as part of that problem? To create more banks to create more money flow to improve the economy Today: people can easily borrow thousands of dollars with a credit card Moral Diplomacy Fails Wilson falls back to the Big Stick idea and dollar diplomacy Wilson decides to pull back on many money foreign loans Other countries immediately jumped into that vacuum In Dominican Republic, Haiti, and other countries, Wilson was forced to use military power Although he had this high and noble idea of moral diplomacy, realism of the world crashed in on him Even as World War I was going on in Europe, Wilson took this higher moral road TR = warrior and gets the Nobel Peace Prize Wilson = pacifist who brought the US in World War I

2 Woodrow Wilson 3 main beliefs: Christian precepts autocratic by nature would back up his ideas with military force 3 other beliefs: wanted to continue to expand international trade and US financial interests believed government had a role in this trade the trade would be forced with or without the consent of the trading partners Another aspect of foreign policy critical for future American intervention Wilson did not understand the role of nationalism in the Chinese revolution or the Mexican revolution Wilson did not understand that the Chinese and the Mexicans had their own cultural values; Wilson thought that everyone thought of America s Anglo-saxon Christian beliefs were superior Misunderstanding of people and why they are revolting Example: Vietnam War Vietnamese were extremely nationalistic The US saw it as communism Wilson saw it as a reflection of anti-americanism Three places for Intervention Dominican Republic Haiti ( ) Mexican Revolution Diaz was forced out of office and (history about Huerta, etc.) Essentially, each leader was put in place and bloodily killed off Wilson attempted to protect American economic interests Mexico has oil! Oil - most valuable resource (the century of oil is approaching) US oil industry is first to enter Mexico for oil Difference of rights: In America, if you own the land, everything below it is yours In Mexico, if you own the land, you own the land but everything below it (minerals) is the governments Wednesday, December 7th, 2011 IMPORTANT: United States two principles of foreign policy after the Hays Open Door Policy Expand and protect United States economic interests

3 Powerful countries during 1914 British Empire Most powerful empire in the world at 1915: Banker of the world Largest gold supply reserves Germany Strong military Strong educational system WW1: X Austrian-Hungarian Empire The Hapsburg Empire WW1: X Russian Empire From Poland to Asia and the Bering Straight Beginning to get industrialized Beginning to get foreign Capital WW1: X Japanese Empire WW1: * (star for being good after WW1) United States Have the Great White Fleet, but we are not exactly as powerful as them WW1: * France Colonial possessions Smaller than Germany WW1:? (nothing really happened after WW1) Italy Improving and nationalistic WW1: X Ottoman Empire WW1: X China WW1: XX (did extremely badly) By the end of World War I, most of these countries will be knocked out (of power). German Empire. Russian Empire. Austrian-Hapsburg Empire. Ottoman Empire. China Problem: Is it going to be capitalism or communism? Now, Japanese and Americans came out in much better condition/ better status. In Asia, Russia was the strongest country. Britain s two long-term enemies

4 When Germany is waging war in World War I, their leader is not very competent in foreign policy (Kaiser Wilhelm) In Germany ** Japan ** United States We become the world s banker. Super power!!! However, we do not want to be the world s banker because there is a lot of responsibility **** (4 stars yay) France ** Turkey half a * China ** + half a * Feudal society Caste system Example: China Random Fact of the Day: Today is December 7th, anniversary of Pearl Harbor bombing USS Arizona was bombed Dreadnought Immense size with immense guns and immense speed Important to understand: America fights for its economic interests Exception: World War I War due to Wilson s personality Previous slogan: He will keep you out of War. Because of trading with allies, the United States took sides Anti German sentiment was very prevalent in the United States Large number of immigrants in US (Russians, Polish, Irish) Did not like Germans Friday, December 9th, 2011 Finished Monroe Doctrine Mind Map Link here: Whole debate of 1900s...

5 Centrally controlled state planned individual submits to the state; gives up personal freedoms for benefits of the state (Lennonism/Stalinism) vs. Laissez Faire, freedom of choice government, personal independence Massive revolution in Russia more people get killed in Russian Civil War (whites vs. reds) than in all of World War I This ideological debate turns into an actual conflict Who are the first people to say communism is evil and we need to fight against it? Fascists in Germany, Spain, Italy Began in Italy with Benito Mussolini Origin of fascism : Roman Empire! Rome used to carry sticks and an axe around town, and if you did not listen, they would beat you with the rods and axes. Fasces = bundle of rods In the unrelenting purge that Stalin thought were his memories, Trotsky was killed Problems with communism Takes away personal freedom Benefits with communism When you have absolutely nothing... someone offers you food, money, health care and an opportunity for education... it sounds pretty nice Crux: What was going to win? Fascism, communism, democracy, capitalism... What is the most flexible system? TR combined both of the best worlds with his unemployment checks Reviewing history outline What were the four causes of World War I? Did the United States have these problems? Yes But we did not have official alliances Why do they become problematic? Diplomatic rule is ruled by the actions of your allies, something you have no control over What starts World War I? Frances Ferdinand is assassinated by Serbia Serbia black hand group s purpose was to try and trigger war because they believed this was the only method for Serbia to expand Random fact: Woodrow Wilson s blood pressure It was extremely high (160/120). It was either he locked himself in a dark room and did not worry, or he would die. That s why he took a boat to Scotland and hiked for several months. When he finally came back, his blood pressure was manageable. He was elected as NJ s governor. He had really great ideas and burst onto the scene similar to President Obama. Became President.

6 Similar to Nixon: regular lawyer to President of the United States in 4 years Effect of pain on people s decisions? Tuesday, December 13th, 2011 Why did Wilson choose to stay out of war? Wilson s vision was that people should negotiate; diplomacy over war Was trying to win another presidency and wanted to appeal to the American people It would be nice to trade with both sides, but the British will not allow that happen. It would shift the balance of power. Why are U-boats so attractive in warfare? Rules of war: give warning to ship before sinking it However, things changed when Britain started storing guns on their ships New stealth weapon; people are not used to it because it used to be a myth Fencing analogy for parrying with bayonets Honor within War Americans and Japanese in the Pacific Bushido code - must die fighting for the emperor No prisoners are taken Russians on the other front Treat each other horribly Germans and Americans Treat each other very respectably Captured by the Germans or you capture a German good treatment German s decision for unrestricted warfare Any ship sailing on the ocean can be sunk Led America to war Britain got dragged into World War I by... Germany was a growing central power Germany becomes Germany in 18(??) in Bismarck After some war, Bismarck pulled in all the German countries and states At the same time, some other guy is doing the same for Italy Germany wanted to expand China was not available United States had created Germany only had a few islands in the pacific and colonies in Africa Britain is the greatest empire of the world Sun never set on British Empire Burma, Malaysia... They run their entire empire from their little island British policy on trade was free trade; their navy guaranteed free trade with everyone Altruistic, but benefited them greatly

7 Thus, Germany needs to grow its navy Kaiser Wilheim s bible was Mahan s navy book Navy = critical to survival of the empire Finally, an arms race was created British was forced to create the world s first dreadnought There was a historical alliance between Britain and germany British fought with Hessians from Prussia Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico - United States colonies World War I will flip the current status of the worlds United States comes out as number one Everyone else comes out destroyed 4 causes of World War I Imperialism Wilson viewed it as wrong Militarism Alliances Wilson did not want anything to do with it Nationalism Wilson was very very very nationalist good bless us with this great land Wilson did not want to join the war Because of the above reasons All the past presidents said to stay out of Europe He knew at the heartland of the United States, people did not want to join Wilson wanted to win the presidency Taft, Wilson, TR Wilson was the minority vote, but TR split the popular vote from Taft, so Wilson was able to win with 45% TR called Wilson a hypocrite and many other bad things because he wants to stay out of war Irony between TR and Wilson TR was for the war, kept us out of war (?), and won the Noble Peace Prize Wilson was against war and got us into World War I Ways to describe World War I Global war Total war Mobilize every asset (this is seen in the Civil War too) Belgium.. peace meeting.. before war..? Map Field Trip Germany wanted to use Belgium as a door to attack France Then they would go by train to Russia and take over Russia by Christmas In 1823, all European countries agreed to not violate Belgium s neutrality Problems Belgian troops don t let Germany enter and holds them off for 6 weeks British enter and say they will fight for France and Belgium

8 Russia turns out to be somewhat successful and invades Germany According to Germany s Bismarck, two things you never do: Never fight a two front war Never invade Russia Henry Kissinger s idol: Bismarck so Bismarck was a smart man It s Woodrow Wilson sees this and does not want to get involved So we make money from trading with them! but then Zimmerman Telegram changed everything Wilson s personality you can sink our ships.. you can destroy our weapons.. but you can t betray us! Zimmerman Telegram Germany used America s diplomatic telegraph lines Mexico was a mess - there was a revolution going on with like six different generals It s not until 1960 when British reveals their secret documents They had been tapping into our telegraph wires Wednesday, December 21st, 2011 Two reasons that lead to isolationist sentiment that make it difficult for the United States to get involved in more foreign affairs Bubble in farm prices farmers bought tractors used marginal land land that you normally wouldn t farm because the crop yields were not as good prices drop rapidly after the war even in 1921, 1922 Conspiracy that we only entered World War I for blood money 150,000 people died over 6 months We came up on top, and won Wilson said that we were fighting the war to keep the overall world safe and to spread democracy Everyone looks at Wilson as someone who is too idealistic FDR was similar to Wilson in his progressive-liberal views Senator Nye was extremely against going to war Only senator who voted against going to World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor Tuesday, January 3rd, 2012 United States policy today: Most prevalent in South West Asia/Middle East Wilson s Declaration of War

9 Immediate reasons for entering war Stop Germans from sinking ships Not revenge focused on rights Long-term reasons for entering the war Democracy! 1. What evidence is there in the speech that Wilson was hesitant to enter the war? a We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation Why does Wilson say that neutrality is not longer feasible? a But armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable. No safe way to deal with submarines so you need to attack them before they come up 3. What evidence is there that in asking for the declaration of war, Wilson is already looking to a post war settlement? a Essentially, America is still friends with the German people, and all we desire is the reestablishment of a relationship with them. 4. What does Wilson mean when he says the world must be made safe for democracy? What implications does this have for the post war settlement? a Democracy cannot thrive without peace. This implies that after the war, democracy must be an essential part of new rules. 5. Write a reply to Wilson s speech from the perspective to the German government. a. You re a dipshit, Wilson. That s all. WIlson is making a moral, ethical case to go to war. (Constantly repeats the word right ) Wilson must list out all the reasons why he wants to go to war Wednesday, January 4th, 2012 NO CLASS - Mr. Wasek is at DECA Friday, January 6th, 2012 Components of Internationalism 1. international organizations 2. collective security 3. freedom of seas 4. international disarmament 5. international laws 6. negotiation/arbitration in dispute 7. American participation and leadership Point that Wilson continuously emphasizes: freedom of the seas Isolationism 1. non-involvement 2. free trade 3. belief in protection of American interests 4. uniqueness of American values

10 American exceptionalism Melting pot What we were founded on (non-feudal, secular, Republican) Economic power Why is America so powerful? Basically, discussing the creation of American government in comparison to the French Revolution and the beginning of other countries We were the first country to talk about human rights Wilson is a racist Tuesday, January 10th, 2012 Why did the Germans start sinking ships? - To starve Britain into submission. - Did not attack British naval ships. - Britain had 6 months of food left - German people were starving - Wanted Britain to be cut off from supplies. - However, US, France and Britain designed a way to fight submarine warfare. Wednesday, January 11th, 2012 Four main causes of World War I ***** militarism imperialism nationalism alliances Immediate Reasons for World War I unrestricted submarine warfare loss of innocent lives fight for liberty and justice armed neutrality is no longer feasible to protect our ideals we must eliminate the autocratic, German government violation of international law liberty of small nations freedom Long Term Reason for World War I right to use seas spread democracy ideals of peace and justice free all people under autocratic rule

11 the war to end war The 14 Points (on page 154 in the book) Open treaties Draws people into conflicts because people are obligated by treaties. If you break the treaty, other countries look at you as dishonest Freedom of the seas Impartial adjustment of colonial claims with consideration of the wishes of the inhabitant and governments in question This was a big problem for Britain and France. Britain controlled 20% of the land mass in the world Free Trade Universal disarmament Evacuation of Russian territory Aimed at Germany Parts of Austria/Hungary... Evacuation of Belgium Aimed at Germans Restoration of all French territory including Alsace-Lorraine More as revenge because Germans and French Italian border readjusted according to nationality Autonomous development to be offered to the peoples of the Austro- Hungarian Empire Evacuation of Serbia Montenegro, and Romania; Serbia to be given sea access. Autonomous development for the nationalities of the Turkish Empire; the Dardanelles Straits to remain permanently open. Establishment of an independent and free Pol 14 points Are these noble points and are they effective? Yes... But the people who were asked to put these points together did not believe in the value/reason behind these points After the war... Britain is bankrupt, many lives are lost Does NOT want open treaties Like backroom deals and do not want to disclose their treaties.

12 WANT freedom of the seas They have many colonies and trade with many colonies They want revenge Wilson wants peace. blablablahhhh check the other google doc on the 14 points. Tuesday, January 17th, 2012 Reviewing Silence Broken, Pardons Granted (article about Sedition Act) This happened many times in history World War 1 - Germans; World War II - Japanese; 2001 (after 9/11) - Anyone who looked like they were from the Middle East Central question: How much of a role does government have in protecting the people? Does government have the right to look into our phone calls, texts messages, etc.? Past examples of events that were stopped by the government Wednesday, January 18th, 2012 Absolute war vs. Limited war Women: joined the war as nurses and took Friday March 9th Inflation sets in (1920 s) Due to increase in demand IMPORTANT: HIGH INFLATION RESULTS IN DEPRESSION After WWI American agriculture was already in a Depression. end of important.