Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e. Chapter Twenty-one: America and the Great War

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1 Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 13/e America and the Great War

2 Introduction Total War The Big Stick : America and the World, Roosevelt and Civilization Racial and Economic Basis of Roosevelt s Diplomacy Speak softly, but carry a big stick Theodore Roosevelt 2

3 The Big Stick : America and the World, Protecting the Open Door in Asia Great White Fleet -Alfred Thayer Mahan Roosevelt Prevented Rival Nations from Being Dominant The Iron-Fisted Neighbor Roosevelt Corollary Intervention in Neighboring Countries Platt Amendment-Cuba 3

4 4 The United States and Latin America,

5 The Big Stick : America and the World, The Panama Canal Failed French Attempt Panamanian Revolt U.S. Assists Panamanian Revolution William H. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy Intervention in Nicaragua 5

6

7 7 The Big Stick : America and the World, Diplomacy and Morality Wilson s Moral Diplomacy Supporting Overthrow of Madero Invasion of Veracruz Non-recognition of Huerta Government Villa s Attack on Columbus, N.M Recognition of Carranza s Govt. Intervention in Mexico Expedition of Gen. John J. Pershing Woodrow Wilson

8 Mexican Revolution

9 Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz Francisco Madero Francisco Villa Pasqual Orozco Emiliano Zapata Victoriano Huerta Venustiano Carranza Alvaro Obregon

10 Attack on Columbus, New Mexico

11 The Road to War The Collapse of the European Peace Competing Alliances Triple Entente Triple Alliance Germany vs. Great Britain Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia Promoting the War in Australia. 11 (Private Collection)

12

13 The Road to War Wilson s Neutrality Economic Ties to Britain Wilson calls for U.S. Impartiality Sinking of the Lusitania The Lusitania in New York City (Library of Congress)

14 The Road to War Preparedness Versus Pacifism 1916 Election The Election of

15 The Road to War A War for Democracy Wilson calls for a League of Nations Zimmerman Telegram-1917 Alliance between Germany and Mexico Resumption of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare U.S. Declares War On Germany-April Woodrow Wilson

16

17 War Without Stint Stalemate Entering the War Russian Revolution-1917 Czar Nicholas II Overthrown The American Expeditionary Force Selective Service Act African-American Soldiers 17 WWI Recruiting Poster by James Montgomery Flagg (NARA)

18 Russian Revolution

19 War Without Stint The Military Struggle General John Pershing-AEF Heavy U.S. Casualties( ) Disease Rampant Spanish Influenza Château-Thierry Meuse-Argonne Offensive 19

20 20 America in World War I: The Western Front, 1918.

21 War Without Stint The New Technology of Warfare High Casualty Rates Germany Loses over 2 Million men WWI soldiers using a machine gun 21

22

23 World War I

24 The War and American Society Organizing the Economy for War Financing the War War Industries Board Lessons of the Managed Economy Labor and the War Ludlow Massacre Selling Liberty Bonds (NARA) 24

25 African-American Migration,

26 The War and American Society Economic and Social Results of the War Great Migration Race Riots Women Industrial Workers (NARA) 26

27 The Search for Social Unity The Peace Movement Women s Peace Party Maternal Opposition to War 27

28 The Search for Social Unity Selling the War and Suppressing Dissent CPI Espionage Act-1917 Sabotage Act-1918 Sedition Act-1918 Violation of the First Amendment Schenck vs. U.S.(1919) Repressing Dissent 100 Percent Americanism Liberty Cabbage and Liberty Pups A Warning (Library of Congress) 28

29 The Search for A New World Order The Fourteen Points Wilson s Idealistic Vision End to Secret Treaties Lenin s Challenge Overthrow of Alexander Kerensky-1917 Early Obstacles Allied Intransigence 29

30 The Search for A New World Order The Paris Peace Conference The Big Four-1919 George Clemenceau David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando Wilson s Retreat Reparations League of Nations Allies Accept Covenant 30

31 The Search for A New World Order The Ratification Battle Wilson s Intransigence Henry Cabot Lodge I have found that you get nothing in this world that is worthwhile without fighting for it. Woodrow Wilson 31

32 The Search for A New World Order Wilson s Ordeal Wilson Suffers a Stroke-1919 League Membership Rejected by U.S. Senate Treaty of Versailles NOT ratified Wilson Serves the rest of his Term as an Invalid Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress) 32

33 A Society in Turmoil New Social Environment Union Membership,

34 A Society in Turmoil Industry and Labor Postwar Recession Boston Police Strike Steel Workers Strike Defeated 34

35 A Society in Turmoil The Demands of African Americans New Black Attitudes Increased Black Activism Chicago Race Riots Marcus Garvey s Black Nationalism True Sons of Freedom (Library of Congress) 35

36 A Society in Turmoil The Red Scare Bombing on Wall Street-1920 Popular Antiradicalism Palmer Raids Sacco and Vanzetti Trial The Retreat from Idealism Nineteenth Amendment-1920 Return to Normalcy 36 A. Mitchell Palmer

37 Patterns of Popular Culture: Billy Sunday and Modern Revivalism Interior of Billy Sunday Tabernacle, 1910 (Library of Congress) 37

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