World War I. Chapter 9

Transcription

1 World War I Chapter 9

2 Why did it start? Remember the acronym MAIN

3 M - Militarism Massive build up of militaries Protection Others? Own interest? Both? Intimidation and threats

4 A - Alliances Triple Alliance = Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary Triple Entente - Great Britain, France, Russia Germany strongest nation in Europe at this time Franco-Russian Alliance = France and Russia (both enemies against Germany so my enemy s enemy is my friend ) Others? Britain - joined because they were fearful that Germany would get too powerful and no one country should control Europe Arms race w/britain and Germany

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6 I - Imperialism A country can increase its power and wealth by controlling other people Europe countries had built empires in the past 200 years Some groups wanted independence though Serbs VS Austria-Hungary (Russia to the rescue!) Bosnia annexed

7 N - Nationalism Pride in one s country! Want to promote their country s culture and interests above others That makes everyone competitors Nationalism fed into Imperialism Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, was in Bosnia and he and his wife were assassinated! Assassin was a Serbian Nationalist

8 Declarations of War! Two sides emerge... Allies: Central Powers: France Germany Russia Austria-Hungary Great Britain Ottoman Empire Italy (promised land in Austria-Hungary to switch sides) Bulgaria

9 American joins the war President maintained neutrality but the people had chosen sides (ancestry) Most favored the Allies 3 triggers for America going to war: 1. Propaganda - information that influences your opinion (media) 2. Sinking of the Lusitania Americans were killed Sussex pledge: Germany would not sink any more ships w/o warning 3. Zimmermann telegram - Asked Mexico to join Germany and if they won, Germany would give Mexico Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

10 Page Section 4 The War s Impact For the next 5 minutes, flip through the section and explore the impact the war had on America. On the sticky note, write down 3 ways America was impacted by the war ending. We will share out as a whole group!

11 Supporting the War Americans supported the war effort in many ways Victory Gardens - Americans planted their own vegetables in their own gardens to conserve food for the military War Bonds - Americans bought war bonds to lend money to pay for the war Daylight savings time and Heatless Mondays - Created to conserve energy

12 The Great Migration The war effort required a lot of workers! Henry Ford was desperate for workers He went south and recruited African Americans to move north and work in his factories Other companies followed his idea 300, ,000 African Americans left the south and migrated north for work This is how cities like Chicago, New York, Cleveland and Detroit started to grow! Also impacted politics in the north. They could vote! 100,000 Mexicans migrated into the Southwest United States for work as well! Farms and ranches

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14 Impact of the War American deaths = Approximately 116,000

15 Joining the Military 400,000 African Americans were drafted into the war! 42,000 served as combat troops Racially segregated units Only white officers in charge Women also joined the military for the first time Only noncombat Clerical work, nursing

16 Section 3: A Bloody Conflict

17 Warfare Trenches To protect themselves from artillery No-man s land was in between Poison Gas Germans were first to use Vomiting, blindness, suffocation Allies also began using it soon after Gas masks were developed

18 Americans in war America finally entered the war after a bloody stalemate 2 Million soldiers came in waves Doughboys - American soldiers were called this Inexperienced, fresh and eager to fight, soft Demorialized German soldiers Convoys developed at sea

19 End of the War Several countries declared independence German emperor stepped down and Germany signed an armistice (a truce) War ended 1918, Peace Treaty signed 199 Treaty of Versailles Big Four: United States, Britain, France, and Italy (allied powers) Negotiations for treaty lasted a long time! Could not agree! 14 Points - based on principles of justice to all peoples and nationalities

20 League of Nations Wilson called for a general association of nations A group of nations who get together to preserve peace and protect each other Attempt at stopping something like this from ever happening again!

21 The end... Ultimately Germany was held responsible for the wa and punished The Treaty of Versailles did not address several things Wilson wanted it to Congress refused to ratify the treaty Issues with the League of Nations Founders warned against alliances like this Overruled Congress power to declare war because the League could require members to aid others in an attack Wanted amendments The U.S. negotiated separate treaties with the central powers The League of Nations formed but without the United States Dissolves after WWII Replaced by United Nations (we are in this)