WORLD HISTORY NAME: DATE: Period: Semester One Study Guide - McCleskey

Transcription

1 WORLD HISTORY Semester One Study Guide - McCleskey NAME: DATE: Period:

2 Semester 1 Study Guide Directions: There are 18 specific TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills) you need to refamiliarize yourself with. Each of the TEKS will be in bold below with the most important information pertaining to it in a reading following. You need to read through each TEK.Then you will read though the given information and visuals marking the text (highlighting/underlining) and annotating (writing yourself notes in the columns) when you find information that directly corresponds to the TEK. There will be a varying number of multiple choice questions for you to practice after each. TEK: identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following important turning points in world history from 600 to 1450: the spread of Christianity, the decline of Rome and the formation of medieval Europe; the development of Islamic caliphates and their impact on Asia, Africa, and Europe; the Mongol invasions and their impact on Europe, China, India, and Southwest Asia. TEK: identify the characteristics of civilization A civilization is a form of human culture in which some people live in cities, have complex social institutions, use some form or writing, and are skilled at using science and technology. The first civilizations formed around river valleys. Water cook be used for drinking, cooking, travel, and when the rivers flooded they made the soil fertile for farming. Which of the following is an essential characteristic of a civilization? A Most people speak the same language. B Women and men are treated equally. C Most people are engaged in hunting and gathering. D Some people are able to read and write. System of Writing Advanced Cities Civilization Advanced Technology Complex Institutions Skilled Workers TEK: describe the major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Persia, India, China, Israel, Greece, and Rome, including the development of monotheism, Judaism, and Christianity. Persia Political Cyrus the Great 1 st expanded Persian territory by conquering Darius unified Persian Empire by building Royal Road from Nile to Indus Rivers Divided Empire into provinces to control ruled by local officials Religious/Philosophical First polytheistic then began worshipping one god (monotheism) Tolerant of other cultures and religions Cultural Went from bartering to a money economy using coinage

3 Use of coins greatly improved trade Persian Royal Road built by Darius connected the empire and trade flourished India Political Mauryan Empire and Asoka spread Buddhism Gupta Empire Golden Age of India (decimal system, concept of zero, universities, etc.) Religious/Philosophical Hinduism polytheistic religion based on Karma and Reincarnation (rebirth) Cultural Form of writing called Sanskrit Caste system - social class based on birth, could not move up or down China Political Dynasties family of rulers Mandate of Heaven the idea that the ruler is chosen by heaven to rule Religious/Philosophical Confucianism believed each person had a duty to fulfill their role in society Cultural Principles such as respect for elders and women serve husbands and fathers Foot binding Israel Political Lived in present day Israel Moses led Jews out of slavery Religious/Philosophical Judaism 1 st monotheistic religion Believed in teachings of Abraham Cultural 10 Commandments Greece Political Athens gave us the first democracy Sparta gave us oligarchy City-States (Polis ) developed because of mountains separating Greece Religious/Philosophical Polytheistic Philosophy attempt to understand the world using reason and logic Famous philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Cultural Olympic Games Sculptors tried to use ideal proportions (use of columns) Science and mathematics round earth/geometry etc. Women were left out of democratic process, but Spartan women enjoyed greater status than others Hellenistic Culture blend of Persian, Egyptian, Greek spread by Alexander the Great

4 Rome Political Located in Italy Republic system of government by representatives 12 Tables Law Code important because it stated government officials were not above the law Concept of Rule of Law Religious/Philosophical Polytheistic similar to the Greek Gods Christianity later was spread throughout the empire into Europe and adopted as state religion Cultural Women in Rome responsible for household chores and domestic duties and not allowed to hold office but they could own property and make wills Great engineers and architects, used domes mixed with earlier Greek architecture The ideals of democracy, in which citizens participate in their own government, and of republican government, in which the leaders of government are elected by citizens, were first introduced by A Mesopotamia and Han China B the Judeo-Christian legal tradition C Classical Greece and Rome D Great Britain and the United States Which characteristic unified China? A. China s trade with the Roman Empire B. Invasion of Japan by Genghis Khan C. The long history of rule by an Emperor D. Trade with Hindu kingdoms in classical India TEK: explain how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and the Great Schism contributed to the end of medieval Europe. End of Medieval Europe Crusades These wars exposed Europeans to eastern ideas and good and stimulated trade; increased trade led to the growth of towns. Black Death Killed 1/3 of Europe s population; shortage of labor led to the decline of serfdom. Hundred Years War Reduced the importance of knights; gave greater financial freedom to serfs; introduced new weapons. Great Schism Occurred when there were Popes in Avignon and Rome; led people to question the authority of the church.

5 TEK: summarize the major political, economic, and cultural developments in Tang and Song China and their impact on Eastern Asia. Tang China Reunited china and brought peace and prosperity Reintroduced government examinations Great advances were made in architecture, sculpture, and painting Conquered Korea and Manchuria Song China Introduced compass and paper money Greatly increased farm production Population saw an increase in wealth Introduce the use of gunpowder in war TEK: analyze how the Silk Road and the African gold-salt trade facilitated the spread of ideas and trade. Silk Road Began under the Han Dynasty Connected East Asia to Europe Trade of goods and ideas, such as Buddhism Gold-Salt Trade Trans-Saharan Merchants could cross Sahara desert on camels Gold from West Africa was traded with Salt from North Africa and the Middle East Ideas exchanged, such as Islamic beliefs, as well as goods

6 One important way in which the Silk Road and West African trade routes were similar was that along these routes A. The main items exchanged were ivory and tobacco B. Concrete was used to improve the surface of the roads C. A single currency was used to make transactions easier D. Ideas were exchanged as merchants interacted with each other TEK: analyze the influence of human and physical geographic factors on major events in world history, including the development of river valley civilizations, trade in the Indian Ocean Mesopotamia Egypt Indus China Tigris and Nile river in Indus river Huang He River Euphrates North Africa Rich soil Precursor to Rivers Ruled by Cities of Chinese Modern day Iraq powerful Mohenjo Daro dynasties Fertile pharaoh and Harappa Crescent Built pyramids Irrigation, calendar, wheel, bronze The development of river valley civilizations is directly related to A. Systematic religious practices B. Advances in shipbuilding C. The emergence of agriculture D. The sharing of new deals TEK: identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution also called Agricultural Revolution Occurred in the Middle East 10,000 years ago when people found they could obtain food by planting seeds Food surpluses: people began to change from hunters and gatherers to producers of food. Domestication of Animals: people learned to domesticate animals such as cattle and sheep. Permanent Settlements: people no longer had to wander in search of food and could now establish settlements with permanent homes The development of systematic farming allowed Neolithic people to grow enough food A. To expand trade routes B. For religious ceremonies and rituals C. To establish permanent settlements D. For population control

7 TEK: identify the characteristics of the following political systems: theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism Government Theocracy Absolute Monarchy Democracy Republic Oligarchy Limited Monarchy Totalitarianism Description Rule by religious leaders King/Queen with all power People vote for leader Representative vote for leader Government by a usually wealthy group (Sparta) King/Queen must obey constitution A government that controls all aspects of life Which concept is NOT found in a democratic republic form of government? A. A trial by jury B. People vote on issues C. Religious Leadership D. Representative governing body TEK: explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the Judeo- Christian legal tradition and classical Greece and Rome Democratic-republican government is a blend of Greek Democracy and Roman Representative government. It is influenced heavily by the ideas of the 10 Commandments of the Judeo-Christian legal tradition. Historian R. H. Barrow has stated that Rome never fell because it turned into something even greater-an idea-and achieved immortality. What is an example of Roman influences on modern western societies? A. Treating women as equals in society B. Use of concrete and arches to construct expansive transportation systems C. Underlying belief that religion is the basis of all moral civil codes D. Foundation for a justice system based on the belief of innocent until proven guilty TEK: identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in the following documents: Hammurabi's Code, the Jewish Ten Commandments, Justinian s Code of Laws, Magna Carta Document Impact Hammurabi s Code Earliest written law code an eye for an eye Jewish 10 Commandments Established a moral code of conduct (no stealing/killing) Justinian s Code of Laws Organized laws into single written code. Based on Roman law Magna Carta Limits the power of the monarchy What is the political and legal impact of the ideas contained in the Code of Hammurabi, the Ten Commandments, and the Magna Carta? A. Codes of law hold all people responsible for their actions B. It is the government s job to punish people as they see fit C. Ones position in society is determined by birth and cannot be changed D. Only wealthy people are held above the law

8 TEK: describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens in civic participation throughout history. Civic Responsibility: the responsibility of a citizen to participate in democratic government and social participation. Example: Voting Our pubic men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters. Unlike any other nation, we regard those who take no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless. We Athenians are able to judge at all events. Instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling block in the way of action, we think of it as an essential preliminary step to any wise action at all. Thucydides, Pericles Funeral Oration Which principle is described in this excerpt? A. Civic Responsibility B. Unalienable rights C. Economic prosperity D. Freedom from tyranny TEK: identify the influence of ideas regarding the right to a "trial by a jury of your peers" and the concepts of "innocent until proven guilty" and "equality before the law" that originated from the Judeo-Christian legal tradition and in Greece and Rome Trial by a Jury of your Peers Magna Carta Innocent until Proven Guilty The need for evidence Equality Before the Law King is also under the law It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer. - William Blackstone Which principle is best reflected by the quote? A. Trial by jury B. Separation of church and state C. Equality before the law D. Innocent until proven guilty TEK: describe the historical origins, central ideas, and spread of major religious and philosophical traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikhism, and the development of monotheism. See: Religion Review What is one similarity between Buddhism and Christianity? A. Both are monotheistic religions B. Both religions spread along trade routes C. Both believe the soul lives on, unchanged after death D. Both have their foundation in Jewish traditions

9 TEK: describe the changing roles of women, children, and families during major eras of world history. TEK: summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations that originated in Greece and Rome From Greece - Philosophy - Democracy - Art, architecture, literature, history, drama, mathematics From Rome - Republican form of government - Christianity - Rule of Law

10 TEK: analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the history of the cultures in which they are produced TEK: identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in river valley civilizations, classical Greece and Rome, classical India, and the Islamic caliphates between 700 and 1200 and in China from the Tang to Ming dynasties

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