World History Fall Semester ACP Study Guide

Transcription

1 World History Fall Semester ACP Study Guide Directions: There are 18 specific TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills) you need to know for the ACP. Read through the information and visuals, marking the text (annotate) for important pieces of information. There are several multiple choice questions after each TEK for you to practice with. This packet is your study guide. You must bring it with you to every single class. I will check every day to see if you have brought your packet and you will receive a daily grade. Do not lose this packet. TEK: identify the characteristics of civilization A civilization is a form of human culture in which some people live in cities, have complex social institutions, use some form or writing, and are skilled at using science and technology. The first civilizations formed around river valleys. Water cook be used for drinking, cooking, travel, and when the rivers flooded they made the soil fertile for farming. System of Writing Complex Institutions Advanced Cities Civilization Skilled Workers Advanced Technology QUESTION 1: Which of the following is an essential characteristic of a civilization? a. Most people speak the same language b. Women and men are treated equally c. Most people are engaged in hunting and gathering d. Some people are able to read and write TEK: describe the major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Persia, India, China, Israel, Greece, and Rome, including the development of monotheism, Judaism, and Christianity Political Religious/Philosophical Cultural Persia Cyrus the Great expanded by conquering Darius unified empire by building Royal Road Divided empire into provinces called satraps India Mauryan Empire: Ashoka spread Buddhism, created bureaucracy First polytheistic, then monotheistic (Zoroastrianism) Tolerant of other cultures Maurya: Buddhism, a philosophy that stresses ending desires to reach Nirvana Gupta: Hinduism, a polytheistic religion based on karma and reincarnation Standardized coins Royal Road connected empire and allowed trade to flourish Form of writing called Sanskrit Caste system: social class based on birth, could not move up or down

2 China Dynasties: family of rulers Mandate of Heaven: idea that the ruler is chosen by heaven Confucianism: philosophy that focused on harmony and relationships Respect for elders/dead ancestors (filial piety) Foot binding in Tang and Song Israel Moses led Hebrews out of slavery Ten Commandments Judaism is first monotheistic (Abrahamic) religion Believed in teachings of Abraham Ten Commandments: a set of rules given to Hebrews by God (do not murder, honor your parents) Greece Athens: first democracy Sparta: oligarchy City-states (polis) develop because mountains separate Greek cities Rome Italy Republic: gov t with representatives chosen by people 12 Tables: law code Polytheistic Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Philosophers try to understand the world using logic Polytheistic: similar to Greeks Christianity later became Rome s official religion Olympic games Sculptors tried to use proportion Columns Science/Math: round earth, geometry Women left out of gov t, but Spartan women held higher status than Athenian women Women in Rome responsible for household chores, not allowed to hold office but they could own property and make wills Domes, arches, aqueducts, concrete QUESTION 2 & 3: The ideals of democracy, in which citizens participate in their own government, and of republican government, in which the leaders of government are elected by citizens, were first introduced by-? a. Most people speak the same language b. Women and men are treated equally c. Most people are engaged in hunting and gathering d. Some people are able to read and write Which of the following was a characteristic of ancient China? a. The Mandate of Heaven, which said a ruler was chosen by heaven to rule b. Belief in Judaism c. Olympic games d. The development of the first system of government in which citizens were allowed to participate

3 TEK: explain how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and the Great Schism contributed to the end of medieval Europe Black Death Hundred Years' War Crusades End of Medieval Europe Great Schism End of Medieval Europe Crusades Black Death Hundred Years War Great Schism These wars exposed Europeans to eastern ideas and good and stimulated trade; increased trade led to the growth of towns Killed 1/3 of Europe s population; shortage of labor led to the decline of serfdom Reduced the importance of knights; gave greater financial freedom to serfs; introduced new weapons Occurred when there were Popes in Avignon and Rome; led people to question the authority of the church QUESTION 4: Which conclusion is directly supported by the information in the pictograph? a. The Black Death was the most dangerous disease to ever affect humankind b. The Black Death killed most of the world s existing population in the 1300s c. Almost one third of the population of Western Europe died from the Black Death d. The Black Death affected more than one region of the world TEK: summarize the major political, economic, and cultural developments in Tang and Song China and their impact on Eastern Asia Tang China Reunited China Song China Magnetic compass, paper money, moveable type Foot-binding Natural landscapes drawn with black ink Civil service examinations

4 QUESTION 5: Which development best replaces the question mark to complete the chart? a. Blank ink painting on silk b. Paper currency (money) c. The first joint-stock companies d. Examinations on Confucian texts for imperial service TEK: analyze how the Silk Road and the African gold-salt trade facilitated the spread of ideas and trade Silk Road Gold-Salt Trade Began under the Han Dynasty Trans-Saharan Connected East Asia to Europe Merchants could cross Sahara desert on camels Trade of goods and ideas, such as Buddhism Gold from West Africa was traded with Salt from North Africa and the Middle East Ideas exchanged, such as Islamic beliefs, as well as goods QUESTION 6: One important way in which the Silk Road and West African trade routes were similar was that along these routes a. The main items exchanged were ivory and tobacco b. Concrete was used to improve the surface of the roads c. A single currency was used to make transactions easier d. Ideas were exchanged as merchants interacted with each other TEK: analyze the influence of human and physical geographic factors on major events in world history, including the development of river valley civilizations, trade in the Indian Ocean Mesopotamia Egypt Indus China Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Nile river in North Africa Indus river Rich soil Huang He River

5 Modern day Iraq Fertile Crescent Irrigation, calendar, wheel, bronze Ruled by powerful pharaoh Built pyramids Cities of Mohenjo- Daro and Harappa Precursor to Chinese dynasties QUESTION 7: The development of river valley civilizations is directly related to a. Systematic religious practices b. Advances in shipbuilding c. The emergence of agriculture d. The sharing of new deals TEK: identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution also called Agricultural Revolution Occurred in the Middle East 10,000 years ago when people found they could obtain food by planting seeds Food surpluses: people began to change from hunters and gatherers to producers of food. Domestication of Animals: people learned to domesticate animals such as cattle and sheep. Permanent Settlements: people no longer had to wander in search of food and could now establish settlements with permanent homes QUESTION 8: The development of systematic farming allowed Neolithic people to grow enough food a. To expand trade routes b. For religious ceremonies and rituals c. To establish permanent settlements d. For population control TEK: identify the characteristics of the following political systems: theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism Government Theocracy Description Rule by religious leaders

6 Absolute Monarchy Democracy Republic Oligarchy Limited Monarchy Totalitarianism King/Queen with all power People vote for leader Representative vote for leader Government by a usually wealthy group (Sparta) King/Queen must obey constitution A government that controls all aspects of life QUESTION 9: Which concept is NOT found in a democratic republic form of government? a. A trial by jury b. People voting on issues c. Religious leadership d. Representative governing body TEK: explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the Judeo-Christian legal tradition and classical Greece and Rome Democratic-republican government is a blend of Greek Democracy and Roman Representative government. It is QUESTION 10: influenced heavily by the ideas of the 10 Commandments of the Judeo-Christian legal tradition. Historian R.H. Barrow has stated that Rome never fell because it turned into something even greater- an idea- and achieved immortality. What is an example of Roman influences on modern western societies? a. Treating women as equals in society b. Use of concrete and arches to construct expansive transportation systems c. Underlying belief that religion is the basis of all moral civil codes d. Foundation for a justice system based on the belief of innocent until proven guilty TEK: identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in the following documents: Hammurabi's Code, the Jewish Ten Commandments, Justinian s Code of Laws, and the Magna Carta Document Impact Hammurabi s Code Earliest written law code an eye for an eye Jewish 10 Commandments Established a moral code of conduct (no stealing/killing) Justinian s Code of Laws Organized laws into single written code. Based on Roman law Magna Carta Limits the power of the monarchy

7 QUESTION 11: What is the political and legal impact of the ideas contained in the Code of Hammurabi, the Ten Commandments, and the Magna Carta? a. Codes of law hold all people responsible for their actions b. It is the government s job to punish people as they see fit c. One s position in society is determined by birth and cannot be changed d. Only wealthy people are held above the law TEK: describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens in civic participation throughout history Civic Responsibility: the responsibility of a citizen to participate in democratic government and social participation. Example: Voting. QUESTION 12: Our public men have, besides politics, their private affairs to attend to, and our ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters. Unlike any other nation, we regard those who take no part in these duties not as unambitious but as useless. We Athenians are able to judge at all events. Instead of looking on discussion a stumbling block in the way of action, we think of it as an essential preliminary step to any wise action at all. Which principal is described in this excerpt? a. Civic responsibility b. Unalienable rights c. Economic prosperity d. Freedom from tyranny TEK: identify the influence of ideas regarding the right to a "trial by a jury of your peers" and the concepts of "innocent until proven guilty" and "equality before the law" that originated from the Judeo-Christian legal tradition and in Greece and Rome Trial by a Jury of your Peers Magna Carta Innocent until Proven Guilty The need for evidence Equality Before the Law King is also under the law QUESTION 12: It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer. Which principal is best reflected by the quote? a. Trial by jury b. Separation of church and state c. Equality before the law d. Innocent until proven guilty

8 TEK: describe the historical origins, central ideas, and spread of major religious and philosophical traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Sikhism, and the development of monotheism QUESTION 13: What is one similarity between Buddhism and Christianity? a. Both are monotheistic b. Both religions spread along trade routes c. Both believe that the soul lives on, unchanged after death d. Both have their foundations in Jewish traditions

9 TEK: describe the changing roles of women, children, and families during major eras of world history River Valley Civilizations: o Women were primary caregivers to children, families who lived on farms all worked together Classical Era (Greece and Rome): o Men became more powerful than women o Spartan boys sent to military schools o Roman women could own property and speak in court o Families were the basic social unit QUESTION 14: These examples demonstrate that a. Roman women had the same rights as women in ancient China b. The rights of women have varied in different cultures c. In both ancient China and Rome, women were treated as the equals of men d. Little has changed from one civilization to another in the roles of women TEK: summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations that originated in Greece and Rome From Greece Philosophy Democracy Art, architecture, literature, history, drama, mathematics From Rome Republican form of government Christianity Rule of Law QUESTION 15: All of these contributions to modern civilization originated in ancient a. Egypt b. Greece c. China d. Rome

10 TEK: analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the history of the cultures in which they are produced Early Civilizations Greece/Rome Tang/Song Renaissance Judaism: Holy book is the Torah Greek/Roman arches, domes, and columns perspective, realism, balance, proportion black ink landscapes QUESTION 16: Which artistic ideal is demonstrated by the architecture in this building? a. Ideal proportions convey harmony and beauty b. Lofty internal spaces give viewers an other-worldly sense of the divine c. Elaborate decorations show the power and grandeur of the secular ruler d. Gentle curves echo the beauty of the human form TEK: identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in river valley civilizations, classical Greece and Rome, classical India, and the Islamic caliphates between 700 and 1200 and in China from the Tang to Ming dynasties Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Huang He Greece Rome India Tang to Ming China Plow, pottery, bronze, wheel, arch, sail Mummification, pyramids, hieroglyphics, papyrus Sewers Silk, ironworks, Great Wall of China Columns Arches, domes, concrete, aqueducts Astrolabe, algebra Moveable type, paper money, magnetic compass, Chinese junk

11 QUESTION 17, 18: Which civilization is the origin of these innovations? a. Egypt b. Sumer (Mesopotamia) c. Indus River Valley d. Huang He The technological advances of the compass, gunpowder, and printing had their roots in the a. Mughal Empire of India b. Ottoman Empire of the Middle East c. Tang and Song Dynasties of China d. Sikh religion of northern India