4.) Define democracy A democracy is a system of government whose leaders have been elected by the people.

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1 Unit 3: Classical Civilizations Directions: Use your notes and handouts to answer the following questions: 1.) What is a classical civilization? A classical civilization is an advanced state of development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, the extensive use of recordkeeping, including writing, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions 2.) What are the main physical features of Greece? It has mountains and is a peninsula surrounded by water on three sides. Also lakes, islands and sea. 3.) What physical feature kept the people in the Greek citystates from interacting? The mountains and sea made it hard to communicate 4.) Define democracy A democracy is a system of government whose leaders have been elected by the people. 1

2 5.) Define direct democracy A democracy where all the adult citizens make all the decisions. A representative democracy like United States- you vote for a person to make decisions. 6.) Define oligarchy A Form of government where only a few wealthy people hold all the power. 7.) Define republic A government where the ruler is chosen or elected. It may be a democracy but it doesn t have to be. 8.) Define monarchy A form of government where the persons holds the position for life, inherited the position and passes it on to their children. 9.) Define military dictatorship A form of government where the military has all the power. 10.) Define theocracy A government where the religious leaders rule the country. There is only one official religion. 11.) Define empire A government where one central ruler has control over all diverse people outside its immediate borders. 2

3 12.) What kind of government did the Qin Dynasty have? Monarchy 13.) What kind of government did the Han Dynasty have? Monarchy 14.) What kind of government did they have in Athens? 15.) What kind of government did they have in Sparta? Direct Democracy All male citizens were expected to participate in government. Military Dictatorship oligarchy 16.) What kinds of government did they have in Ancient Rome? What two people shared the power? Republic and an Empire. Republic -Power was shared in the Roman Republic by two consuls. 17.) Who was allowed to vote in Athens? Who wasn t allowed to vote? Only adult male citizens could vote. Women, slaves, children & Immigrants. 18.) In Athens they placed great emphasis on education. What did the Spartans place great emphasis on? Military and physical fitness 3

4 19.) What are the characteristics of a classical civilization? 20.) What artifact is valuable to archeologists because its pictures tell about the daily life of the Greeks? 21.) Name the rooms of a Greek home and briefly explain what they were used for. 22.) Why did the Ancient Greeks build temples? They are 1. Advanced state of development in humane society 2. Highly developed arts and sciences 3. Record keeping including writing 4. Appearance of a complex political institutions Vase/ krater 1. Workroom slaves worked in here to make jewelry, gold, etc. 2. Store room- where storage jars were kept. 3. Andron- men s living room for entertaining. 4. Kitchen- cooking 5. Bathroom- wealthier people had baths in their homes 6. Slave rooms- women and men were kept separate 7. Gynaikon- women s room for caring for kids and weaving and spinning 8. Bedrooms- simply furnished with a box and bed. 9. Courtyard- had altar and women would weave and do spinning there. One reason was-to offer thanks to a patron God for success in a war. 4

5 23.) At its greatest size what sea did the Ancient Roman Empire completely surround? Why was this beneficial to the Romans? Mediterranean Sea -this made it easy to get to everywhere in their empire 24.) Define periodization dividing a subject into historical eras for purposes of analysis and study 25.) Which of the four classical civilizations lasted the longest? Use the timeline from your binder to list the dates of that civilization. 26.) Which of the four classical civilizations followed the teaching of Confucius? 27.) What are the main teachings of Confucius? Ancient Rome Han Empire He believed in strong family loyalty and ancestor worship. 28.) Can two historians have two different views on the same person? Explain. Yes, each person looks at the same event differently. Ex: When you win a game you are happy and will tell the story as win, but the other team loses and they will be upset. 29.) Define tyrant A cruel and oppressive ruler 5

6 30.) Although he is considered a tyrant Qin Shi Huangdi did do good things for Qin. What was the main positive thing he is known for? 31.) The United States based many of their rights and responsibilities for citizens on what two classical civilizations? 32.) Identify each artifact List its name, purpose, and civilization it originated from The Great wall of China- supported and built many building projects. Rome and Athens Krater/Vase To hold wine and used by Greek men mostly Ancient Greece 33.) Column Columns were used in building- they are still used today Ancient Greece 6

7 34.) Water wheel Ancient Greece Use to create power 35.) Aqueducts Were built in the countryside to carry water to heavily populated areas. Ancient Rome 36.) Newspapers To record and spread information Ancient Rome 37.) Roads Built to connect the Roman Empire Ancient Rome 7

8 38.) The Great Wall of China Built to protect the empire from invasions Qin Dynasty 39.) Terracotta Warriors Built to protect Qin Shi in the afterlife. Qin Dynasty 40.) Nautical Steering Rudder To steer ships Han Dynasty 8