2. What was the Pr9clamation of 1763 how was it viewed by America and how was it viewed by England? What caused this difference in perception?

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1 Name:. Date:...._ 1. All of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence except A) distinctive social structures. B) distinctive economic structures. C) distinctive political structures. D) distinctive ethnic or racial structures. E) the appearance ofa recognizably American way of life. 2. What was the Pr9clamation of 1763 how was it viewed by America and how was it viewed by England? What caused this difference in perception? 3. Match each individual on the left with his or her talent. A. Jonathan Edwards 1. poet B. Benjamin Franklin 2. scientist C. Phillis Wheatley 3. theologian 4. portrait artist A) A-2, B-1, C-3 B) A-I, B-3, C-2 C) A-3, B-2, C-I D) A-I, B-2, C-3 E) A-2, B-3, C-I 4. The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they A) died in large numbers from European diseases. B) lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites. C) could be disposed of by Europeans with no harm to the colonial economy. D) were not a reliable labor source. E) all of the above. 5. After the Pequot War, Puritan efforts to convert Indians to Christianity can best be described as A) vigorous but unsuccessful B) more zealous than those made by Catholics, but still unsuccessful. C) filling "praying towns" with hundreds of Indians. D) feeble, not equaling that ofthe Spanish or the French. E) very successful 6. Roger Williams' beliefs included all of the following except A) breaking away from the Church ofengland. B) demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs. C) condemning the taking of Indian land without fair compensation. D) denying the authority ofthe civil government to regulate religious matters. E) challenging the legality ofmassachusetts Bay's charter. 7. English yeomen who agreed to exchange their labor temporarily in return for payment oftheir passage to an American colony were called A) headrights. B) burgesses. C) indentured servants. D) slaves..e) birds of passage. 8. Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South were A) large merchant planters. D) black slaves. B) landowning small farmers. E) native Americans. C) landless farm laborers. 9. The slave society that developed in North America was one of the few slave societies in history to A) produce a new culture based entirely on African heritage. B) rebel against its masters. C) reduce their numbers by suicide. D) develop its own techniques ofgrowing corn and wheat. E) perpetuate itself by its O\vn natural reproduction. Page I

2 10. The Dutch colony ofnew Netherland (later New York) A) allowed only Dutch immigrants to settle there. B) was established for its quick profit of fur trading. C) tolerated Quakers from nearby Pennsylvania. D) supported free speech and other democratic practices. E) all of the above. 11. The purpose of the periodic "mourning wars" was A) to avenge the deaths of Huron warriors. D) to break up the Iroquois Confederacy. B) to stop the spread of European settlements. E) the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees. C) the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians. 12. The "headright" system, which made some people very wealthy, consisted of A) using Indians as forced labor. B) giving land to indentured servants to get them to come to the New World. C) giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person paying the passage of a laborer to America. D) discouraging the importation of indentured servants to America. E) giving a father's wealth to the oldest son. 13. Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, (D) Maryland. A) A, C, B, D B) B, D, C, A C) C, D, B, A D) D, C, B, A E) C, B, A, D 14. The origins of the modem plantation system can be found in the A) American South. D) European feudal system. B) Arab slave trade. E) African slave system. C) Portuguese slave trade. 15. Before the arrival of Columbus, most native peoples ill North America A) lived in large communities. B) were more advanced than those in South America. C) lived in small, scattered, and impermanent settlements. D) populated the greater part of the continent. E) relied on horses for transportation. 16. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) restoration of Charles II to the English throne, (B) English Civil War, (C) Glorious Revolution, (D) Protestant Reformation. A) D, B, A, C B) C, A, B, D C) D, C, B, A D) B, C, A, D E) A, B, C, D 17. Many of the slaves who reached North America A) came from eastern Africa. D) eventually gained their freedom. B) were originally captured by African coastal tribes. E) settled in the middle colonies. C) were captured in southern Africa. 18. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most important for the future United States was A) Santa Fe. B) Quebec. C) Jamestown. D) Massachusetts Bay. E) Saint Augustine. 19. By the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following similarities except A) complete democracy. D) opportunity for social mobility. B) basically English in language. E) same degree of etlmic and religious toleration. C) Protestant in religion. 20. By the 1770s which of the following issues helped bring about a crisis of imperial authority? A) trade restrictions B) slavery C) few colonists clung to any hope of accommodation with Great Britain D) the coronation of a new king E) the rise to power of radical patriots in the American colonies Page 2

3 21. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed A) a unified national state. D) a popular monarch. B) a measure of religious unity. E) all of the above. C) a sense of nationalism. 22. As a result of the rapid population gro\\-th in colonial America during the eighteenth century, A) a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country. B) the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain. C) the need for slave labor declined. D) the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the goods that they needed to survive. E) the British government granted greater autonomy to colonial governments. 23. Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by A) young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land. B) the planter class of Virginia. C) those protesting the increased importation of African slaves. D) people from Jamestown only. E) the local Indians. 24. Colonial schools and colleges placed their main emphasis on A) math. B) science. C) modem languages. D) literature. religion. 25. The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was A) farming. B) fishing. C) mining. D) fur trapping. E) rum manufacturing. 26. The colony of South Carolina prospered A) by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies. B) only after Georgia was established. C) as a result of the importation ofindian slaves. D) because of its thriving shipbuilding industry. E) under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell. 27. Tobacco was considered a poor man's crop because A) it could be produced easily and quickly. D) it could be purchased at a low price. B) it was smoked by the lower class. E) it required complicated processing. C) the poor were used to plant and harvest it The primary thing that the Acadians and Quebecois believed that bound them together was their A) hatred for Spain. D) exile to Louisiana. B) desire to return to France. E) French language. C) military experience. 29. The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of A) Cape Breton Island. D) the Great Lakes. B) the Ohio River Valley. E) the S1. Lawrence River. C) the Mississippi River. 30. The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the A) large number of troops comntitted by both sides. D) use of primitive guerrilla warfare. B) lack ofindian participation. E) all of the above. C) carry over of European tactics to America. 31. When the Scots-Irish established a new community, one of the first tasks they undertook was to A) build a tavern. D) institute a theocracy. B) erect a church. E) make peace with local Indians. C) establish a court. Page 3...

4 32. Of the following, _...~ was a secondary economic activity of colonial America A) fishing. B) commerce. C) farming. D) manufacturing. E) slave trading. 33. During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused as witches were A) property-owning women. D) women in their late teen years. B) from the ranks ofpoor families. E) from subsistence farming families. C) primarily un-christian. 34. Puritan religious beliefs allowed all of the following except A) drinking alcohol. D) making love discreetly. B) eating plentifully. E) singing songs. C) challenging religious authority. 35. The Puritan system of congregational church government logically led to A) an authoritarian political government. D) the end of town meetings. B) the early establishment of religious toleration. E) none of the above. C) democracy in political government. 36. The late-seventeenth-century rebellion in New York was headed by...~~._......_, whereas that in Maryland was led by...--:--.-c----:---.-~-- A) Nathaniel Bacon, Catholics D) Jacob Leisler, Protestants B) William Berkeley, slaves E) the Dutch, Catholics C) Puritans, Indians 37. As a result of the Seven Years' War, Great Britain A) gained control of Louisiana. D) gained exclusive control of the slave trade. B) beeame the dominant power in North America. E) all of the above. C) annexed the island ofcuba. 38. As the seventeenth century wore on, regional differences continued to crystalize, most notably A) the use of indentured servants. D) the breaking of the Atlanta economy. B) loyalty to England. E) the importance of slave labor in the south. C) the continuing rigidity of Puritanism. 39. Within a century after Columbus's landfall in the New World, the Native American population was reduced by nearly A) 50 percent. B) 20 percent. C) 70 percent. D) 90 percent. E) 40 percent. 40. Southern colonies generally allowed man-ied women to retain separate title to their property because A) ofreligious beliefs. D) southern families were stable. B) of English tradition. E) of a smaller number of men than women. C) southern men frequently died young. 41. When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to A) stimulate the colonies' "triangle trade" with Africa and the West Indies. B) satisfy eolonial demands for earning foreign exchange money. C) inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies. D) increase the colonists' standard of living and protect the livelihood of colonial merchants. E) require Americans to sell their molasses to British merchants. 42. The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadores can be described as A) at times brutal and exploitative. D) scornful of in term aniage. B) firm but fair. leaving little of Spanish culture. C) unmotivated by greed. 43. France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when A) its fishing industry faltered. D) it was defeated by the British in 1713 and B) farming proved to be unprofitable. E) it could not entice enough settlers to America. C) King Louis XIV died. Page ~-...~

5 44. Unlike Separatists, the Puritans A) advocated strict separation of church and state. D) were Calvinists. B) practiced passive resistance to oppression. E) rejected belief in witchcraft. C) remained members of the Church of England. 45. Despite an abundance offish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because A) they had neither weapons nor fishing gear. B) their fear ofindians prevented them from venturing too far from the town. C) they were unaccustomed to fend for themselves and wasted time looking for gold. D) they lacked leaders to organize efficient hunting and fishing parties. E) there were not enough gentlemen to organize the work force. 46. The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except A) the destruction of the soil. D) diversification of the colony's economy. B) a great demand for controlled labor. the broad-acred plantation system. C) soaring prosperity in the colony. 47. Columbus called the native people in the "New World" Indians because A) that was what they called themselves. B) he believed that he had skirted the rim of the "Indies." C) it was a form of the Spanish word for heathen. D) the Vikings had first called them by that name. E) all of the above. 48. Compare and contrast the reasons for unity and the reasons for disunity in the American colonies before and after the Seven Years' War. 49. Identify which of the following contributed most to the British victory in the Seven Years' War: the leadership of Willianl Pitt, the aid of American colonists, or the skill of the British regulars? Justify your choice. 50. The European explorers who followed Columbus to North America A) intended to found a new nation. B) continued to view themselves as Europeans. C) did not consider America as the western rim of the European world. D) no longer saw themselves as subjects of European kings. E) saw little difference in their lives in America and their lives in Europe. 51. The crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America was A) wheat. B) potatoes. C) tobacco. D) corn. E) beans. 52. All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin except A) the lightning rod. D) a highly efficient stove. B) influential poetry. E) author ofpoor Richard's Almanack. C) bifocal glasses. 53. The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to A) request the help of the British military. B) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British. C) prevent the French from attacking American outposts. D) support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia. E) block British efforts to take control of New York City. 54. The English justified taking land from the native inhabitants on the grounds that the Indians A) were not Christians. D) refused to sell it. B) wasted the earth. E) all of the above. C) burned woodlands. Page 5

6 55. The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they A) were victorious over the Muslims. B) brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silk. C) succeeded in establishing improved business relations between Muslims and Christians. D) returned with captured Muslim maps showing the North and South American continents. E) developed better navigational devices. 56. Match each item on the left with the correct definition: A. predestination 1. belief that from the moment of creation some souls were "saved" and others "danmed" B. conversion 2. belief that faith, good works, and repentance could earn salvation C. antinomianism 3. the sign of receipt of God's free gift of saving grace 4. belief that those whom God had marked for salvation need not obey secular laws A) A-I, B-3, C-2 B) A-3, B-2, C-l C) A-I, B-3, C-4 D) A-4, B-1, C-3 E) A-2, B-4, C The Aztec chiefmoctezuma allowed Cortes to enterthe capital of Tenochtitlan because A) Cortes's anny was so powerful. B) Montezuma believed that Cortes was the god Quetza1coatl. C) there was little in the city of interest to the Spanish. D) he was told to by the gods. E) all of the above. 58. In 1775, the churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America. A) Methodist and Anglican D) Quaker and Catholic B) Presbyterian and Congregational E) Presbyterian and Anglican C) Congregational and Anglican 59. By the mid-i700s, the number ofpoor people in the American colonies A) became greater than in all of Europe. B) had increased to the point of overpopulation. C) had begun to decline from seventeenth-century levels. D) remained tiny compared with the number in England. E) was about one-third of the population. 60. The Separatists migrated from Holland to the New World in order to A) avoid the coming war ",,;th France. B) gain wealth through all the economic incentives the New World offered. C) establish a new nation. D) avoid the Dutchification of their children. E) escape the jurisdiction of the Virginia Company. 61. In a sense, the history of the United States began with the A) Revolutionary War. B) July 4, 1776 signing of the Declaration of Independence. C) Boston Tea Party. D) founding of the ilrs! colony in E) fall ofquebec and Montreal. 62. In colonial elections, A) most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote. B) the right to vote was reserved for property holders. C) only a small landed elite had the right to vote. D) average citizens were usually elected to office. E) trne democracy had arrived. Page 6

7 63. The physical growth ofenglish New York was slowed because A) of the Indian threat. D) of the monopolistic land policies of the aristocrats. B) of an unhealthy climate. E) of the French threat. C) the Dutch engaged in guerrilla warfare. 64. During the seventeenth century, America established the precedent of A) staying out of European wars ifpossible. D) being involved in every world war since B) relying totally on the British for defense. E) fighting wars on both land and sea. C) starting wars in Europe. 65. As a result ofgeneral Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne, A) the British controlled the frontier. B) George Washington was left without a military command. C) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack. D) General Braddock was forced to leave the military. E) the British called off their planned invasion of Canada. 66. Colonists in both the North and the South established differences in all of the following areas except A) patterns of settlement. B) economies. C) political systems. D) values. E) allegiance to England. 67. With regard to governmental authority, the Scots-Irish colonists A) showed remarkable willingness to followauth0l1ty. B) supported only Britain. C) cherished no love for the British or any other government. D) stated a preference for Catholic authority. E) established good relations with local Indians. 68. The Dominion ofnew England A) included all the New England colonies. B) was created by the English government to streamline the administration of its colonies. C) was designed to bolster colonial defense. D) eventually included New York and east and west New Jersey. E) all ofthe above. 69. The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors as A) hostile and violent. D) far too friendly with Spain. B) too submissive to authority. E) too Catholic. C) outcasts and irreligious. 70. Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the A) War of Spanish Succession. D) Treaty oftordesillas. B) defeat ofthe Spanish Armada. E) conquest of Mexico by Portugal. C) loss ofbrazil. 71. When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation ofslaves, British authorities A) applauded the efforts. D) viewed such colonial actions as morally callous. B) vetoed such efforts. E) did nothing. C) allowed only South Carolina's legislation to stand. 72. TheProc!amationof1763 A) was warmly received by American land speculators. B) removed the Spanish and Indian menace from the colonial frontier. C) declared war on Chief Pontiac and his fierce warriors. D) prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. E) opened Canada to American settlement. Page 7

8 73. All the middle colonies were A) founded by proprietors. B) established by joint-stock companies. C) notable for their fertile soil. 74. Government in New France (Canada) was A) almost completely autocratic. B) democratic. C) similar to that of the English colonies. D) E) D) E) intended as religious havens. dependent on slave labor. noted for its trial by jury. free from the king's control. 75. Most likely the tirst Americans were A) Vikings from Scandinavia. B) Spanish explorers of the fifteenth century. C) people who crossed the land bridge from Eurasia to North America. D) Portuguese sailors of Prince Henry the Navigator. E) refugees from Africa. 8

AP US History Chapters 2-5 Test

AP US History Chapters 2-5 Test 1. England's defeat of the Spanish Armada A) led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies. B) allowed England to take