The Roots of American Democracy. America s English Heritage

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Angela Poole
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1 4 The Roots of American Democracy America s English Heritage

2 4 Magna Carta 1215 Nobles rebelled against King John Forced him to sign - protecting their authority as well as granting them and eventually all English people rights (equal treatment under the law and trial by peers) The Magna Carta limited the Monarch s power thus making sure NO ONE was above the law

3 4 Parliament Kings then would meet with nobles & church officials for advice, expanding to rep of commoners = Parliament (legislative body)

4 4 Familiar Ideas? No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land. Efforts would be made to assure a fair hearing, even when the docket was overloaded The requirement for a jury of one s peers (or, as the British Library translation puts it, the lawful judgement of his equals )

5 4 Familiar Ideas? For a trivial offence, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a royal court. None of these fines shall be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood. Punishment for violations of the law was to be in proportion to the seriousness of the offense, thus establishing a standard of fairness.

6 4 Glorious Revolution William & Mary take over after James II is removed - proving Parliament s power

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/england.

7 4 Pick out the familiar English Bill of Rights

8 4 Enlightenment European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition

9 Jean Jacques Rousseau Johnny Locke Baron de Montesquieu 4

10 4 The Philosophes! Locke - natural rights Rousseau - Social contract - agreement between people in a society to give up their freedom in exchange for protection of natural rights Baron de Montesquieu - How to prevent abuse of power

11 4 Philosophes These are the three basic tenants a. Human society is governed by Natural Laws. b. These Natural Laws can be discovered by rational men. c. Human society can turn from traditional, authoritarian forms, and progress toward a more perfect government through rational thought. 1. Find as many of the three basic tenets as they can in each of these documents on government, and come up with a list.

12 4 How does your reading relate to what we ve discussed about the need for government?

13 Warm Up : this is review 1. Define colony 2. What was the first permanent British settlement in America called and where was it? 3. What is the purpose of a Joint Stock Company What was the House of Burgesses and why is it important/unique? 4. What is a charter? (in regards to colonies?) 5. What was the Mayflower Compact? 6. What is unique about the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? 7. What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony?

14 Jamestown Founded 1607 House of Burgesses st representative assembly

15 New England Colonies Plymouth, MA Pilgrims Mayflower Compact 41 men signed

16 Massachusetts Bay Colony Royal Charter Built Boston 900 men/women/children During 1630s more than 15,000 people came to the Massachusetts colony

17 Middle Colonies : New York NY, NJ, PA, DE What was NY called before it was NY? New Netherland What was NYC called before it was called NYC? New Amsterdam Who is NY named after? Duke of York It was a Proprietary Colony

18 New Jersey Southern part of NY colony Duke of York gave it to 2 dudes - George Carteret and Lord Berkeley Proprietary Royal in 1702

19 Pennsylvania / Delaware 1680 William Penn (from King Charles) Quaker influence Freedom of religion, equality southernmost three counties became Delaware

20 Southern Colonies After Jamestown Maryland 1734 North & South Carolina 1729 Georgia - James Oglethorpe What was George made for? Fresh start for English debtors and poor people and a buffer between Spanish attack and Native attack.

21 Why they came? Religious Havens Who? Puritans What did they want and why did they leave? Purify Anglican Church - not wanting to be a part of the Anglican Religion of England

22 MD, CT, RI George Calvert wanted to turn MD into a (what major religion?) colony? Catholic Thomas Hooker left to start CT Roger Williams forced to leave b/c he was nice to the Natives - founded RI

23 Economic Opportunity Tobacco (in the South esp) Rice and indigo Indentured Servants

24 Triangular Trade What three continents were involved? Africa, Americas, Europe What was sent where? Ex Colonists ship rum to Africa, traded for enslaved people and gold. Enslaved shipped to the West Indies and traded for sugar & molasses, which was used to make rum in America

25 The Economy How did geography play a part in the economies of New England, Middle, and Southern colonies?

26 NE People lived in towns or on plantations? Towns Farms were big or small? Small Winters were long or short? Long How about the soil?

27 So what could NE ers do? Small businesses (milling grain, sewing, furniture making, blacksmiths) Shipbuild, and what do you need for ships? And what do you do on ships for a job?

28 Middle Colonies How did the soil compare to the NE colonies? What types of crops were grown? Wheat was a big cash crop Foreign trade spurred growth and trade with foreign nations

29 Southern Colonies Climate? Warm Growing season length? Long Lends itself to agriculture What was the leading cash crop in NC? Tobacco What about in Georgia and SC? Rice

30 Tidewater areas of flat, low plains, near the coast areas rivers made it easy to transport Charleston, SC

31 So why does it all matter? America starts to take on its own identity American colonists reading the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers Discontent starts to brew British government NOT responsive

32 Mercantilism What is it? theory that a country s power depends on its wealth Thus a nation should sell more to other countries than it buys = favorable balance of trade - In regards to imports and exports what does that mean? more exports, less imports

33 Navigation Acts These acts put Mercantilism into practice All goods import/export from Colonies had to be on English ships Also stipulated raw materials that could ONLY be sold back to England or England s other colonies

34 Growing Tensions When did the French & Indian War start? 1754 Albany Plan, what was that? Plan to unite the colonies - led by committee under Ben Franklin - it was ultimately rejected BUT the seeds were being sewn!

35 Proclamation of 1763 What was it? Colonial response?

36 Stamp Act & Boycotts Stamp Act - to pay for French & Indian War Quartering Act Sons of Liberty formed and organized opposition to the Brits Stamp Act Congress - Declaratory Act

37 Townshend Acts & Boston Massacre Townshend Acts made it legal to search and arrest smugglers Led to unrest - Boston Massacre

38 More Tax and a Tea Party "taxation without representation is tyranny. James Otis Tea Act - tax cut for British, undercut Colonial tea Tea Party

39 Intolerable Acts Really called the Coercive Acts Took way more colonists civil rights, including Trial by jury As a result - sent delegates to form the 1st Continental Congress Where? Philadelphia

40 First Continental Congress 7 weeks - Sept 1774 Document sent to Georgie Boy demanding rights restored Before they adjourned what did they do?

41 Second Continental Congress April 1775 what starts? Revolutionary War with the battles at? Lexington and Concord May CC Colonists inspired by which pamphlet writer? Thomas Paine Would lead to Declaration of Independence

42 6

43 Weekly Quiz tomorrow Review of Colonial America that we did this week (powerpoint will be online) Philosophy that we discussed too Hobbes - need for a sovereign - state of nature Locke - natural rights Rousseau - social contract Montesquieu - corruption avoided if separate powers are established

Goal 1 Values and Principles of American Democracy

Practice Test of Goal 1 Values and Principles of American Democracy Note to teachers: These unofficial sample questions were created to help students review Goal 1 content, as well as practice for the