English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s 1763 English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s 1763 Video Series: Key Topics in U.S.

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1 English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s 1763 Economic Development and Imperial Trade in the British Colonies How did trade policy shape the relationship between Britain and the colonies? The Transformation of Culture In what ways did colonial culture change in the eighteenth century? The Colonial Political World How did the Glorious Revolution affect colonial politics? English Colonies in an Age of Empire 1660s 1763 Expanding Empires In what ways did British, Spanish, and French expansion into new territories reflect patterns established earlier? A Century of Warfare How significant were imperial wars in shaping colonial society? Which one had the most important impact on North America? Video Series: Key Topics in U.S. History Economic Development and Imperial Trade in the British Colonies The Regulation of Trade The Colonial Export Trade and the Spirit of Enterprise The Import Trade and Ties of Credit Becoming More Like Britain: The Growth of Cities and Inequality The Regulation of Trade Dominance of mercantilism Restriction of trade with colonies Navigation Act

2 Navigation Act 1651 Laws establishing enumerated products Successful in ending Dutch power in Atlantic 7 The Colonial Export Trade and the Spirit of Enterprise A few crops dominated Atlantic trade Sugar Tobacco Wheat Chesapeake and Middle Colonies Came to rely on exports New England had no staples Growth of shipping industry The Import Trade and Ties of Credit Colonists became consumers Key market for British manufacturers British merchants extended credit Financial ties between Britain and colonies tightened Colonists often in dependent relationship Becoming More Like Britain: The Growth of Cities and Inequality All large colonial cities were ports Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston Artisans in colonial cities Small manufacturing Some women craftsmen The growing gap between rich and poor 2

3 The growing gap between rich and poor Urban elite in the northern colonies Planters in southern colonies The Transformation of Culture Goods and Houses Shaping Minds and Manners Colonial Religion and the Great Awakening Goods and Houses Divergent goals Copied British Developed colonial culture Planters houses Mount Vernon Houses the setting for a more sophisticated life Shaping Minds and Manners Changes in material culture accompanied broader changes Strife to become genteel Women s Polite Education Age of Enlightenment New ties to Europe through scholarship Benjamin Franklin Colonial Religion and the Great Awakening Changes in church membership Halfway Covenant Great Awakening British movement George Whitefield Emphasis on emotional spirituality New Lights Products of the Great Awakening 3

4 Products of the Great Awakening New place for women and blacks The Colonial Political World The Dominion of New England and the Limits of British Control Salem Witchcraft The Legacy of the Glorious Revolution Diverging Politics in the Colonies and Great Britain The Dominion of New England and the Limits of British Control James II Attempted to assert direct control Dominion of New England - Under Edmund Andros Glorious Revolution William and Mary brought to power Andros overthrown by colonists Salem Witchcraft Emerged in period of political vacuum in Massachusetts Brief, unusual flurry of witchcraft accusations The Legacy of the Glorious Revolution Brief period followed by return to traditional relations Colonists viewed the period as their triumph over unfair rule Period of salutary neglect followed Growing misunderstandings Diverging Politics in the Colonies and Great Britain Many common assumptions about government Patriarchal, hierarchical Differences Colonists lacked aristocracy 4

5 Colonists lacked aristocracy More landholders in American society Differences over representation Virtual representation v. actual representation Colonists developed their own notions about their rights Expanding Empires British Colonists in the Backcountry The Spanish in Texas and California The French along the Mississippi and in Louisiana British Colonists in the Backcountry Rapid growth of white and black populations Immigration Slave trade Movement into backcountry Distinct lifestyle, economy Conflict with Indians Conflict between backcountry settlers and colonists nearer the coasts The Spanish in Texas and California Moved into Texas and California Buffer zone Forts and missions Mission system Indians used as laborers Spanish empire was growing But control was weaker The French along the Mississippi and in Louisiana Settlers push south: pays des Illinois Fur traders Farmers 5

6 Farmers Ties to New Orleans French Louisiana Diverse Dependent on Indian alliances 33 A Century of Warfare Imperial Conflict and the Establishment of an American Balance of Power, King George s War Shifts the Balance, The French and Indian War, : A Decisive Victory The Triumph of the British Empire, Imperial Conflict and the Establishment of an American Balance of Power, King William s War and Queen Anne s War Inconclusive, but debt grew Taxes, standing army, and debt all related Reaction: Country ( Real Whig ) ideology Against growing state and state powers Grand Settlement of 1701 Established Iroquois neutrality Iroquois League - Ohio Valley King George s War Shifts the Balance, King George s War ( ) Centered on St. Lawrence and Ohio valleys Shifted position of Iroquois Treaty of Lancaster Sale of trading rights to Virginia speculators Led Ohio Valley Indians to break with Iroquois League The French and Indian War, : A Decisive Victory Albany Congress called by New York governor 6

7 Albany Congress called by New York governor To prepare for war Albany Plan of Union rejected French and Indian War (Seven Years War) British frontier forts fell to the French More troops arrived Battle of Quebec 1759 Surrender Explore the Seven Years War on MyHistoryLab The Triumph of the British Empire, 1763 British victory Treaty of Paris 1763 Britain took all of New France Spain got Trans-Mississippi West and New Orleans Colonists proud of their participation Conclusion In 1763, colonists felt they had vindicated themselves as a vital part of the British Empire. A sense of promise prevailed, as colonists felt they were full British citizens. 7

THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Brief Sixth Edition

THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Brief Sixth Edition Chapter 4 English Colonies In an Age of Empire 1660s-1763 English Colonies In an Age of Empire 1660s-1763 Economic Development and