Section 5-1: Forms of Government

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Section 5-1: Forms of Government Chapter 5 Study Guide 1. The advised the King of England on colonial matters and governed them on his behalf. 2. is the legislature, or lawmaking body, of England and later Great Britain. 3. A is a type of legislature with two chambers or houses. 4. The was the legislature of Virginia and the first legislature created in the English colonies. 5. Colonial government at the local level often took the form of the. 6. The trial of newspaper publisher was an important step in establishing freedom of the press in the English colonies. 7. The above person was accused of, or publishing untrue and damaging statements about a public figure. 8. Britain briefly tried to unite the New England colonies under a single government by creating the. 9. was the first and only governor of the above political union. 10. The was a period in 17 th century England (Britain) in which the power of Parliament was greatly increased, and the power of the monarchy was reduced. 11. was the King of England at the start of the above period; tried to forcibly revert Britain to Catholicism, angering many British citizens. 12. became co-monarchs of Great Britain after the above period. 13. The was a document created during this period which broadened the rights of English citizens and colonists, increased the power of Parliament, and reduced the power of the monarchy. 14. Give at least two examples of representative government in the colonies.

2 15. Why did the newly formed Dominion of New England anger the American colonists? 16. Why was the trial of John Peter Zenger important? What basic right was in question during the trial? How did the judges feel about this case? (d) How did the jury rule? (d) Section 5-2: The Growth of Trade 17. was an economic system in which nations created and maintained wealth and power by carefully controlling trade. 18. refers to how much a country imports versus how much it exports. 19. are goods purchased and brought into a country from abroad. 20. are goods sold and shipped to foreign countries. 21. are taxes on imported goods, also known as tariffs. 22. The were a series of laws passed by Parliament that restricted colonial trade and forced colonists to do the bulk of their trading with Britain. 23. refers to business, trade and economic competition with little or no government control. 24. A series of trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas was known as the. 25. The was the primary route in which African slaves were brought to the Americas. 26. The of Pennsylvania were the first group in the American colonies to speak out against the practice of slavery. 27. Explain how countries tried to maintain a favorable balance of trade. 28. How did the Navigation Acts affect trade? Were the colonists happy with these laws? Why or why not?

3 29. Explain triangular trade, especially that which included the Middle Passage. 30. Explain the demand for slaves in the English colonies. Describe the conditions under which slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas. Section 5-3: The Colonial Economy 31. A is a type of crop grown produced and sold primarily for profit, usually grown on a plantation of some type. 32. were laws passed in the English colonies intended to control the slave population. 33. refers to a young person learning a trade or skill from a master of that profession. 34. A refers to a crop that is in constant demand and consumed daily; rarely grown for profit. 35. What were some common crops grown on plantations in the southern colonies? In order to fill labor needs, who was used as labor on these plantations? 36. How did climate and environment help determine the economic production of the Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies? Give examples to support your answer. 37. Give examples of various slave codes in the southern colonies.

4 (d) (e) (f) 38. Why was shipbuilding an important industry in New England? 39. Explain the process through which people learned new trades in the colonies. 40. What were the various roles of women in the colonies? Section 5-4: The Great Awakening 41. The was a period in which religious faith experienced a resurgence, or rebirth, in the colonies. 42. Travelling ministers would hold, or religious gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith. 43. was an important leader of the Great Awakening. 44. was a British minister that visited America during the Great Awakening. 45. The were the more traditional Christian groups of the colonies, believing in concepts like predestination. 46. The were people who introduced and believed in new ideas about faith and religion during the Great Awakening. 47. was a Presbyterian leader of the Great Awakening. 48. What led to the Great Awakening? 49. What were the key messages preached by the ministers of the Great Awakening? 50. In which regions was the Great Awakening most influential?

5 51. In what ways did the Great Awakening change the way colonists communicated? In what ways did it change people s political and social views? Section 5-5: The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, and American Culture 52. The was a period in which new ideas about the universe began to emerge, supported by the scientific method. 53. was a Renaissance and Scientific Revolution era astronomer and scientist who demonstrated that planets revolved around the Sun. 54. was a leading figure of the Scientific Revolution who introduced the scientific method, explained the motion of objects, and laid the foundation for modern science. 55. The is the method by which scientists study natural events. 56. The was a period in which philosophers began to use reason and logic to understand social and political systems. 57. was an English political philosopher who believed that people had basic, natural rights and that people should only obey just rulers that protected their life and liberty, and that when rulers no longer did this it was the right of the people to overthrow them. 58. was an American scientist, publisher, philosopher, and politician. 59. was the name of a periodical or newspaper published by Benjamin Franklin. 60. Explain how the Scientific Revolution influenced the thinkers of the Enlightenment. 61. Where were there more schools in the colonies? Why were schools particularly important in these areas? What kinds of classes did most early colleges in the American colonies focus on? 63. What were some important accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin?

6 (d) 64. What did the various changes of the quality of colonial literature, art, and architecture say about life in the colonies in the mid-1700s?