I. SSUSH1: The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century

Transcription

1 Unit I Review Sheet I. SSUSH1: The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century 1. The Virginia Company A joint stock company. A group of investors share the risk of sending people over to America in hopes that they will make a profit. (High risk = high profit or high loss). 2. Jamestown 1 st Permanent English settlement. A settlement in the colony of Virginia. At first, some settlers refused to do manual labor because they thought it was below them. John Smith with the assistance of Powhatan Confederacy taught the colonists how to cultivate crops and the importance of manual labor. 3. Tobacco Cultivation John Rolfe created a blend of tobacco that was marketable in England. Tobacco saved the colony of Jamestown. 4. Powhatan Confederacy and the Settlers At first the English settlers had a good relationship with the Powhatan Confederacy (Native Americans), but over time the relationship deteriorated because the colonist began to steal food from the Native Americans. 5. House of Burgesses Virginia s representative government (a Republic). The people in Virginia elected officials to make the laws. It was a form of self government. 6. Bacon s Rebellion Governor Berkeley limits the House of Burgesses to only landowners. Only landowners can vote for House of Burgesses members. The House of Burgesses refused to expand land because they did not want to anger Native Americans. This angered backwoods farmers and landless because they wanted more land. Native Americans attack backwoods farmers. Nathan Bacon creates a militia and they attack Native Americans. They also take over Jamestown and kick Berkley out. Berkley creates a militia and kick Bacon and his men out to the swamps. Bacon dies. The Result: the vote is given back to all males regardless of landownership and they decided to expand the land regardless how it would impact Native Americans. 7. New England Colonies: Magic/ Really Is/ Cool/ Not Horrible. a. Massachusetts Settled by the Puritans who were highly religious. They were exclusive (they only wanted people in the community who shared their beliefs). Their religious tension caused the creation of other New England colonies such as Rhode Island and Connecticut. Massachusetts lost its charter due to smuggling. b. Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson. Created because of Massachusetts being religiously strict.

2 c. Connecticut Founded by Thomas Hooker. He disagreed with Massachusetts voting policy. He thought people should be able to vote regardless of church membership. 8. Salem Witch Trials People were being accused of being witches in Salem, Massachusetts. This demonstrates the strict religious atmosphere in N.E. 9. Halfway Covenant Partial church membership in the Puritan church. 10. King Philips War Fought in New England. Native Americans angry that the N.E. colonists were trying to force them to follow the colonists laws. King Philip (AKA Metacoment) led a war against the settlers which resulted in the Native Americans being scattered from New England leaving it to be controlled by the colonists. 11. Mid-Atlantic Colonies: Penguins/ Never Jump/ Down/ Near You a. Pennsylvania Established for two reasons: 1. The King owed William Penn s father a debt 2. A refuge for the Quakers. b. New York and New Jersey: Once controlled by the Dutch. When the Dutch controlled the two colonies, they were called New Netherlands (NY City was called New Amsterdam). The English took it over to connect the New England Colonies with the colonies towards the south. 12. New France: France colonized in order to get beaver fur for trade. Quebec became the capital of New France. II. SSUSH2: The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed. 1. Mercantilism Economic belief that in order to be the most powerful country, a country must have the most gold and silver (power = wealth). 2. Trans-Atlantic trade trade of goods and people between Britain, Africa, and America (AKA Triangular Trade). 3. Middle Passage The horrific voyage enslaved Africans took across the Atlantic Ocean to America. 4. Benjamin Franklin A great example of social mobility and individualism because he came from an impoverished family and he became wealthy and influential in American Government. He was an ambassador to France during the American Revolution trying to get them to join the war on the side of America. He helped create the U.S. Constitution.

3 5. The Great Awakening a Religious response to the Enlightenment. The Great Awakening preached a dedication to God. Protestants were created (Baptists, Methodist, and etc.). III. SSUSH3: The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. 1. French and Indian War Started due to the France and British settlers both trying to claim the Ohio River Valley. 2. Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended the French and Indian War. The British were victorious. The treaty kicked France out of North America. Britain received everything east of the Mississippi River minus New Orleans. 3. Proclamation of 1763 Created the Proclamation line which is a line going north and south along the Appalachian Mountain range which prevented settlers in America from settling west of this line. It was created in order to keep the settlers and Native Americans apart in order to lower tensions. The colonists despised the Proclamation Line. 4. Stamp Act A tax on printed goods in order to get the colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War. This is the first direct tax placed on the colonist. Angered colonists. 5. Sons of Liberty a group of men who prevented tax collectors from collecting taxes placed on colonists. 6. Daughters of Liberty created homespun. Homespun were goods made by colonial women while the colonists boycotted English goods. 7. Intolerable Acts Both the Coercive Act and the Quebec Act. Coercive Act punished Boston for the Boston Tea Party. Quebec Act gave more power to the King to select governors in the area that once belonged to France. Took away some of the colonists self rule. 8. Committees of Correspondence People who wrote letters to keep all 13 colonies united during the American Revolution. 9. Thomas Paine s Common Sense a pamphlet that said that America should declare its independence because the king was acting like a tyrant. IV. SSUSH4: The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. 1. The Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson. It took ideas from the English philosopher John Locke. It stated that the right to rule rests with

4 the people, when a government become oppressive the people have the right to dissolve the government and create a new government, lists the wrongs the king committed against the Americans, and it stated that the colonies were breaking away because the king was a tyrant and they were creating their own independent government. 2. John Locke English philosopher. He stated that the people have the right to dissolve the government and replace it with a new one because the power rested with the people. 3. France in the American Revolution They helped America win the revolution. a. Marquis de Lafayette French General who helped train Washington s troops at Valley Forge. b. Benjamin Franklin ambassador to France. c. Battle of Saratoga convinced the French that America could win the American Revolution, so they began to send troops to help. 4. George Washington The Second Continental Congress named George Washington commander and chief of the Continental Army. 5. American Soldiers Under clothed, under fed, under armed, and inexperienced. 6. Crossing the Delaware (the Battle of Trenton) Surprise attack launched by American against the British. Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware River in the middle of winter, during a sleet storm, on Christmas. 7. Battle of Yorktown Last battle of the American Revolution. British General Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. They were surrounded by the French in the water and American troops on the land. Once Cornwallis surrendered, it marked the end of the war. 8. Treaty of Paris 1783 Ended the American Revolution. Britain formally recognized America as an independent country. V. SSUSH5: The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. 1. Articles of Confederation created a confederacy (weak central government). The states had the most power. It was deemed weak because the States did not have to follow the central government s laws or honor the other states laws. 2. Daniel Shays Rebellion After this rebellion, delegates decided to amend the Articles of Confederation. 3. Federalists supported the ratification of the United States Constitution.

5 4. Anti-Federalists did not support the U.S. Constitution. They did not like the idea of not having a bill of rights which stated the rights of the citizens. 5. James Madison Father of the U.S. Constitution. Used ideas from Montesquieu. 6. Montesquieu Separation of power. Three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches. Checks and balance: each branch makes sure one branch does not get more power than the others. 7. The Great Compromise A compromise between the New Jersey Plan (supported by small states) and the Virginia Plan (supported by large states). It stated that we will have a bicameral legislature (two houses of congress) which is based on population and equal representation. 8. 3/5 Compromise In states that had slaves, 3 out of 5 would count towards the population. 9. The Bill of Rights the first 10 amendments. States the rights of the individuals. It protects the people from the government (limits the governments power). 10. Presidency of George Washington The first president. Set the two term presidency. He was to stay out of foreign affairs. In the Whiskey Rebellion Washington sent troops to put down Americans who were rebelling. It demonstrated that the president had the power to use U.S. troops against its own people. In his farewell address he warns against the creation of political parties and getting involved in foreign affairs. 11. John Adams Second President. Head of the Federalists Party (political party). The Alien and Sedition Act caused people to vote against Adams. When he lost the second time he ran for president, it demonstrated that political power can peacefully transfer from one opposing party to the other party.