Name: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Colonization

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1 Name: _ 8 th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Colonization FORT BURROWS 2018

2 Name: _ VOCABULARY Agriculture - Farming, raising crops and livestock. Assembly a group of people who make and change laws for a government or organization Cash Crop - A plant that a farmer grows a large amount of exclusively to make money. Charter a document issued by a government that gives rights to a person or group Colony - An area of land that is controlled by a country that is far away. Conquer-To take something over by force. Convert - To change religions Culture - A group of people s way of life. Includes their food, art and music. Economic-Some people came to America to make money. They came for reasons. Empire - A group of colonies that is controlled by a single mother country. Establish-To form, create Expansion the act of becoming bigger or of making something bigger Free enterprise private businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by the government Indentured Servant -A person who took a free boat ticket to America in exchange for 7 years of work. Indigo-A plant grown to produce a blue dye used to dye fabric Industry-Factories, large businesses. Manufacturing-Turning materials into products people will buy. Middle Passage - The trip between Africa and America on a boat. Was the route for slaves. Missionary - Someone who works to convert other people to their religion Monarchy - A government with a king or queen. Natural resources resources that exist without actions of humankind Overpopulation a situation in which too many people or animals live in a certain area Parliament the group of people who are responsible for making the laws in some kinds of government Persecution to treat (someone) cruelly or unfairly especially because of race or religious or political beliefs

3 Name: _ Physical Map - A map that shows land features like mountains, rivers and deserts. Political Map - A map that shows cities, states, countries and borders Plantation - A large farm that usually grows a single crop. The workers live on site. Primary Source - A source written by someone who witnessed an event. Profitability -The amount of money a business makes, after subtracting costs Religious tolerance allowing other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs Representative Government - A government where people elect officials to make decisions for them. Revenue money that is made by or paid to a business or an organization Salutary neglect British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England Secondary source - Something written or created by someone who did not witness a historical event. Most are written many years later. Self-Government - A government that is controlled by its own people Slave - Someone who was forced to work for no money. Most were brought by boat from Africa, but some were Native American. Tariffs a tax on goods coming into or leaving a country Town meetings a meeting of the voters of a town Trade process of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services Whaling-To hunt whales for a living

4 Name: _ Reasons for exploration God Gold Glory People wanted to find a faster route to Asia so that they could trade items for a profit People wanted to spread Christianity throughout the world powerful kings wanted to expand their territory and gain more money from taxes by claiming more land Draw a picture to represent each reason Reasons for colonization persecution political freedom mercantilism Pilgrims and Puritans helped colonize the new lands in order to escape religious persecution many people wanted to escape the political issues, like war, in their home country Monarchs wanted to become rich by having raw materials sent to the mother country to make finished goods. Some kings gave out land charters to businessmen so they could help colonize the New World. Draw a picture to represent each reason Sort the reasons for exploration and colonization into three categories below Political Social Economic

Name: _ Jamestown (name after King James I) HOT DATE 1607 3 Main Problems bad land swampy, mosquitoes, hot summers, cold winters settlers no women, no farmers, gentlemen didn t want to

supplies John Smith He who does not work, neither shall he eat!

5 Name: _ Jamestown (name after King James I) HOT DATE Main Problems bad land swampy, mosquitoes, hot summers, cold winters settlers no women, no farmers, gentlemen didn t want to work death and disease people starved and got malaria from mosquitoes 3 Main Solutions tobacco introduced by John Rolfe; became the cash crop settlers ships arrive with women and supplies John Smith He who does not work, neither shall he eat! ************************************** Plymouth HOT DATE 1620 big issues: starvation, sickness Native Americans taught survival skills founded for religious reasons created the Mayflower Compact (created a government and agreed to obey the laws) What were some problems that settlers had in Jamestown and Plymouth?

6 Southern Middle New England Name: _ Thirteen Colonies Economy Geography Social ship building rocky soil fishing long, cold winters Puritans sailing forests intolerant of other religions whaling fishing rum natural harbors Why did the New England colonies depend on fishing, whaling, and sailing instead of farming? farming furs Bread Basket oat/wheat/barley cool climate fertile soil white Protestant religious freedom Why do you think the Middle colonies had more religious freedom? large-scale farming tobacco cotton rice indigo warm, mild climate a lot of precipitation long growing season large slave population Which cash crop do you feel was the most important to the Southern colonies? Why? ********************************************

7 Name: _ Label the following items on the map - Virginia - South Carolina - New Jersey - Massachusetts - Maryland - New York - Delaware - New Hampshire - North Carolina - Georgia - Rhode Island - Pennsylvania - Connecticut - Middle Colonies - Southern Colonies - New England Colonies - Appalachian Mountains - Atlantic Ocean - Canada Reflection: I had trouble with: I remembered very well! I need to review Notes:

Name: _ Transatlantic Slave Trade The Middle Passage was the part of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Caribbean.

Only about half of the enslaved Africans survived the Middle Passage Why did slavery spread in the colonies?

embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ before they were sent to hell as nonbelievers.

Preached in a dramatic style that crowds loved Said that people must change on the inside through faith in Jesus Christ CAUSES EFFECTS

8 Name: _ Transatlantic Slave Trade The Middle Passage was the part of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Caribbean. It was a long journey. the ships were dirty and smelly and there were lots of diseases because there were too many people on the ship. Only about half of the enslaved Africans survived the Middle Passage Why did slavery spread in the colonies? First Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards Known widely for his fiery sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," which told people to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ before they were sent to hell as nonbelievers. He taught people to not trust religious leaders George Whitefield Cross-eyed Helped found the Methodist religion Began preaching in Georgia Preached in a dramatic style that crowds loved Said that people must change on the inside through faith in Jesus Christ CAUSES EFFECTS Revolution in England Strict religious sects lose popularity (Puritans) people wanted church and state separated People become more engaged in religion They also begin to question the authority of leaders Where do you see separation of church and state again?

9 Name: _ Representative Government Match the phrases below with the correct form of representative government it describes. influenced by Thomas Hooker created by the Pilgrims created in a Southern colony principle of majority rule idea of self-government established in Jamestown first constitution in the colonies created on a ship created because of distance from England

Name: _ Influential People Thomas Hooker Name Charles de Montesquieu Picture wrote the Fundamental Orders of

that government is based on the rights of the citizens did Who had more of an influence on representative

***************************************************** John Locke Name William Penn Picture believed that

rights (life, liberty, protection of property) What he did Founded the colony for Quakers so that they could

10 Name: _ Influential People Thomas Hooker Name Charles de Montesquieu Picture wrote the Fundamental Orders of What wrote about separation of powers Connecticut he believed that education is absolutely necessary believed that government is based on the rights of the citizens did Who had more of an influence on representative government? Why? ***************************************************** John Locke Name William Penn Picture believed that government has limited power wanted a legislative and executive branch of government wrote about unalienable rights (life, liberty, protection of property) What he did Founded the colony for Quakers so that they could make decisions based on their religious beliefs. opposed war wrote the constitution for Pennsylvania that limited government power and guaranteed rights Who had more of an influence on representative government? Why?

11 Name: _ How did William Blackstone influence the writers of the Constitution? William Blackstone defined individual rights in English law stated that property rights cannot be violated, even by the king. Reflection: I had trouble with: I remembered very well! I need to review Notes:

Colonial America Learning Targets

Colonial America Learning Targets Topic: History I can explain the significance of the following dates: 1607 and 1620 1607 - Jamestown 1620 - Plymouth Hunger for resources I can compare the reasons for