7/10/2009. By Mr. Cegielski WARM UP:

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1 By Mr. Cegielski WARM UP: 1

2 PREVIEW: George Washington Presidential Accomplishments Washington voluntarily resigned as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in Because of his victories in the Revolutionary War, some wanted to make him king of the new nation. But Washington refused. He wanted a free, democratic and united country. Washington longed to retire to his fields in Mount Vernon, Virginia. But he soon realized that the nation, under its Articles of Confederation, was not moving ahead. He helped organize the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington the first President. PREVIEW: George Washington Presidential Accomplishments During his first term in office, Washington joined the states together and helped establish the federal government. He did not interfere with the policy-making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. He believed that foreign policy was a main concern for the young nation. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington insisted that the United States remain neutral. He did not accept the recommendations of his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-french, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-british. The President feared that getting involved in this European war would shatter his young country's new government. On April 22, 1793, he issued a proclamation of neutrality that urged American citizens to be impartial and not send aid or war materials to either England or France. 2

3 First Presidential Cabinet Vice President: John Adams Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Defense (war): Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmund Randolph Assignment: Read The Inauguration of George Washington, 1789 and, as an eyewitness sketch artist, draw an illustration of what you think this event looked like, using the detailed descriptions from the readings. Include a caption of 1-2 sentences below your drawing. 3

4 1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union) George Washington Virginia Federalist % John Adams Massachusetts Federalist % George Clinton New York Democratic- Republican Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic- Republican % 4 3.0% Aaron Burr New York Federalist 1 0.7% Electoral Votes Not Cast % Total Number of Electors 132 Total Electoral Votes Cast 264 Number of Votes for a Majority Election Results 4

5 Commander-in-Chief The Constitution of the United States gives the title to the President of the United States, who "shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States" George Washington was tested in this role in three major events: 1) Whiskey Rebellion, 2) Foreign relations with France and Britain/Jay s Treaty, 3) Battle of Foreign Timbers/Native American relations. French Revolution Broke out in Overthrew French Monarchy & established a republican government. In 1793: The Revolution was over but the Radicals took over the Revolution and declared war on Great Britain. 5

6 George Washington s Decision: Jay s Treaty The United States traded with both France and Great Britain. Both countries wanted US support BUT George Washington declared that: The United States would not support either France or Great Britain in the conflict. Washington signed Jays Treaty The terms were designed primarily by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton with strong support from President George Washington and chief negotiator John Jay. The treaty increased trade between the U.S. & Britain. Jay obtained the primary American requirements: British withdrawal from the posts that they occupied in the Northwest Territory of the United States, which they had promised to abandon in Wartime debts and the US-Canada boundary were sent to arbitration one of the first major uses of arbitration in diplomatic history. However, British continued to impress (kidnap) US Soldiers. The British also continued to support Native Americans in conflicts against U.S. citizens. 6

7 Reaction to Washington s Decision Cabinet members agreed with his decision; however Jefferson resigned from the cabinet. Why do you think George Washington chose this position? The Whiskey Rebellion CAUSE Excise Tax was placed on Whiskey. A tax placed on a product s manufacture, sale, or distribution. WHO WAS EFFECTED BY THE TAX? Whiskey Production- made by small farmers on the frontier. 7

8 ASSIGNMENT: Complete: Alexander Hamilton s Economic Proposals Worksheet How did the farmers react to the Whiskey tax? Angry because they would lose money. In western Pennsylvania, farmers openly rebelled by refusing to pay the tax and beating up federal marshals who came to collect the tax. 8

9 How did the national government respond to this rebellion? Washington ordered militia to stop rebellion. 15,000 troops led by Washington and Hamilton scattered the rebels along the frontier. No one was killed. How did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate the authority of the new Showed federal the government? would control all domestic affairs. Rebellion against the government was not acceptable. Taxes would be necessary to run the country. National government would use power of the army. Q. How does the Whiskey Rebellion compare to Shays s Rebellion? 9

10 Washington and the Native Americans: BATTLE OF FALLEN TIMBERS A conflict between the American Indians and American settlers on territory American Indians claimed as their own. The British helped the American Indians but could not defeat the Colonists. Treaty of Greenville: it gave the Americans the land. In exchange, American Indians received $20,000 worth of goods. 10

11 Treaty with Spain The United States wanted land West of the Appalachian Mountains and access to the Mississippi River from Spain. After the war in Spain, Spain decided to give this land to the US. They both signed the Pickney Treaty. WARM UP: 11

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13 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John Adams Massachusetts Federalist % Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic- Republican % Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist % Aaron Burr New York Democratic- Republican % Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist % Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist % George Clinton New York Democratic- Republican 7 5.1% Other % Total Number of Electors 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast 276 Number of Votes for a Majority Election Results Adams Jefferson 13

14 Conduct research to answer these questions. Central Question: Why was John Adams administration so unpopular? FURTHER PROBLEMS FOR ADAMS: THE WAR OF WORDS BETWEEN HAMILTON AND JEFFERSON The Origins of the Two Party Political System: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans 14

15 ASSIGNMENT: Complete The Federalists vs. the Republicans Graphic Organizer Views on Strict versus loose interpretation of the Constitution: the Elastic Clause Hamilton Favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution s elastic clause about making all necessary and proper laws; Congress could act whenever it was proper. Believed in the implied powers included in the Constitution. Jefferson Favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution s elastic clause; Congress should act only when necessary. Believed in adhering closely to the specifically listed powers included in the Constitution. 15

16 Views on the National Bank: the BUS! Hamilton Wanted Congress to charter one, sell some if its stock to individuals; this would be good for investors in the bank. Jefferson A national bank is not necessary, so it is not authorized under the Constitution; such a bank would benefit commercial classes, not the farmers Jefferson favored. Views on paying the national debt from the war Hamilton Fund it at par via new bonds; pay security holders in full; benefits well-todo security holders and commercial interests. Jefferson Initially, opposed; ordinary citizens had loaned the government money and then had to sell the securities at a deep discount to speculators - wanted these people at least partially repaid. Accepted Hamilton s plan in exchange for the move of the Capitol. 16

17 Views on the American economy Hamilton Stressed manufacturing, commerce, finance. Favored the rich, merchants, & wealthy planters. Jefferson Wanted a simple agrarian economy. Favored the yeoman farmer wanted the government to support the interests of the common man Views on British society and government Hamilton Admired both; liked the orderliness of the British government and financial systems. Jefferson Disliked both; thought British society was decadent, the government corrupt and anti-republican. 17

18 Views on France s Revolution Hamilton Abhorred the violence and social disruptions of the French Revolution. Jefferson Admired France s republican revolution. "We are not to expect to be translated from despotism to liberty in a featherbed." Views on the central government Hamilton Favored a strong central government. Jefferson Favored state s rights. 18

19 WARM UP: 19

20 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Virginia New York Democratic- Republican Democratic- Republican % % John Adams Massachusetts Federalist % Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist % John Jay New York Federalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast 276 Number of Votes for a Majority Election Results Adams Jefferson 20

21 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!) 1 vote for each State Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican % Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican % Blank % 21

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