1. John Adams was elected second president in 1796 & Thomas Jefferson elected vice-pres.

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1 1. John Adams was elected second president in 1796 & Thomas Jefferson elected vice-pres. In the this election there were 138 Electoral Votes cast for President and 138 for Vice President; There was NO distinction between the votes. Therefore, more than half of 138 was needed to become the next President 70 ELECTORAL VOTES! Adams Jefferson RESA America in a Changing World Nominee John Adams Thomas Jefferson Thomas Pinckney Aaron Burr Sam Adams Oliver Ellsworth George Clinton John Jay James Iradell John Henry Samuel Johnston George Washington Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Party Fed Dem- Rep Fed Dem- Rep Dem- Rep Fed Dem- Rep Fed Fed Fed Fed N/A Fed Home State Electoral Vote States Carried MA VA SC NY MA Conn NY NY NC MD NC VA SC

2 1a. Jay Treaty. The Jay Treaty -compensated England s with prewar debt & to hear claims for captured American vessels (BUT captured slaves would not be returned). Results of the Treaty: British agreed to vacate the six western forts by June 1796 Compensate American ship owners (the British paid $10,345,200 by 1802) United States gave most favored nation trading status to Britain US agreed to British anti-french maritime policies US guaranteed the payment of private prewar debts owed by Americans to British merchants that could not be collected in U.S. courts (the U.S. paid 600,000 in 1802) Is this Treaty the action/s of a Neutral Nation? American Issues with Great Britain: Britain was still occupying a number of forts in the Great Lakes region. American merchants wanted compensation for 250 ships confiscated during Southerners wanted compensation for the slaves the British had taken from them during the Revolution. Merchants wanted the British West Indies reopened to American trade. The boundary with Canada was too vague and needed delineation. The British were believed to be aggravating Native-American attacks on settlers in the West. John Jay Jay dropped the issue of compensation for slaves, which angered Southern slave owners. Jay was also unsuccessful in negotiating an end to the impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy

3 X,Y & Z were Jean Conrad Hottinguer(X), Pierre Bellamy (Y) and Lucien Hauteval(Z); They were French representatives working for the Foreign Minister that demanded concessions from the U.S. as a condition for negotiations. The concessions included 50,000 pounds sterling, a $10 million loan from the United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to the French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand. Talleyrand The American commission to France, sent in March of 1797, consisted of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry 1b. XYZ Affair & the Alien Sedition Acts. CC Pinckney Marshall Gerry To PROTECT the nation GW comes out of retirement but writes a letter asking for Hamilton to be the first General in command under him? In retaliation to the XYZ Affair the Federalist dominated U.S. Congress passed four bills into law in 1798 those laws were 1. The Naturalization Act 2. The Alien Friends Act 3. The Alien Enemies Act 4. The Sedition Act Ignite Learning: XYZ Affair Adams Movie: Talleyrand Letter

4 United States Congress (5 th ): 138 Members Total 34 Senate (22 Fed & 12 Dem-Rep) 106 House of Reps (57 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep) 1. The Naturalization Act extended the duration of residence required for aliens to become citizens to 14 years. Enacted June 18, 1798, with no expiration date, it was repealed in Dem-Rep 2. The Alien Friends Actauthorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." It was enacted June 25, 1798, with a two year expiration date. The Alien Sedition Acts 3. The Alien Enemies Actauthorized the president to apprehend and deport resident aliens if their home countries were at war with the United States of America. Enacted July 6, 1798, and providing no sunset provision, the act remains intact today as 50 U.S.C At the time, war was considered likely between the U.S. and France. 4. The Sedition Actmade it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or its officials. It was enacted July 14, 1798, with an expiration date of March 3, The Patriot Act? John Adams Movie: TJ & Adams Debate (2:46)

5 1c. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions. Thomas Jefferson s statement in the Kentucky Resolution Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America, are Madison & Jefferson argued that the Alien and Sedition Laws are James Madison Null or VOID? James Madison considered the Father of the US Constitution and creator of the Bill of Rights. The Tenth Amendment: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. PBS Jefferson s Reply to the Alien Sedition Laws (3 mins) not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that by compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own selfgovernment; and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force: That to this compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral party, its co-states forming, as to itself, the other party...each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress. Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolution (above); Madison wrote the Virginia Resolution. Thomas Jefferson

6 Causes & Escalation of the Quasi War: Political Parties in US Federalists promoted this hatred toward France The French Revolution The Jay Treaty Capturing of US ships XYZ Affair USS Constellation captured the French ship the L'Insurgente Alien and Sedition Acts John Adams USS Constellation The Quasi War is also known as the Franco-American War or the Undeclared War with France The Hunchback of Notre Dame s name was actually Quasimodo; it s Latin translation means almost made. The Hunchback of Notre Dame 1d. Quasi War with France U.S. President John Adams sent a commission composed of William Vans Murray, Oliver Ellsworth, and William Richardson Davie to negotiate at the Convention of 1800 (also known as the Treaty of Treaty of Mortefontaine). The Treaty was signed on September 30, 1800 and was ratified by both countries on December 21, This ended the Quasi War. Quasi a combining form meaning resembling, having some, but not all of the features of, used in the formation of compound words: quasidefinition; quasimonopoly; quasi-official; quasi-scientific.

7 2. Election of 1800: Party Changeover Republicans gained control of the presidency. Thomas Jefferson became president & Aaron Burr the vice-president. *Twelfth Amendment was passed, allowing electors to cast separate ballots for president & vice-president TJ United States Congress (6 th ): 138 Members Total 32 Senate (21 Fed & 11 Dem-Rep) 106 House of Reps (56 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep; 1 vacant seat) Jefferson is "by far not so dangerous a Adams Movie: TJ confronts Adams about Congress decision on Election. Hamilton-Burr Duel man" as Burr; in short, I would rather have someone with wrong principles than someone devoid of any. [ Nominee Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr John Adams Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Party Dem-Rep Dem-Rep Fed Fed Fed Home State Electoral Vote States Carried John Jay VA NY MA SC NY Burr Hamilton United States Congress (7 th ): 138 Members Total 32 Senate (14 Fed & 18 Dem-Rep) 106 House of Reps (41 Fed & 64 Dem-Rep; 3 vacant seats)

8 3. Supreme Court Case in 1803, Marbury vs. Madison: a. John Adams appointment of the Mid-Night Judges. b. Jefferson takes over office with 42 appointments for judges made by former president Adams. c. Problem occurred when one of the appointments, William Marbury, accuses the new Sec. Of State, James Madison, of not delivering the appointments. d. Marbury took Madison to court. Marbury Decision-Chief Justice John Marshall persuades the justices to rule that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was in conflict to the Constitution, therefore the Supreme Court could not rule on this case. The case established the principle of judicial review, that it judges the law. Chief Justice John Marshall Associate Justices William Cushing William Paterson Samuel Chase Bushrod Washington Alfred Moore Madison Power to declare law UNCONSTITUTIONAL!

9 3. Expeditions open up new routes to the West. a. The Discovery Expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Fort Mandan Recreation Sacajawea Meriwether Lewis Keel Boat Replica Traveling the Columbia River William Clark Fort Clatsop Replica (1955) Clip Part 1 (8:53) Clip Part 2 (7:49) Crossing the Rocky Mountains Lewis & Clark Song (3:31)

10 3b. The Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon Bonaparte, of France, gained control of the Louisiana Territory from Spain (Haiti Revolt significant to the sale ). Jefferson purchases the area, on behalf of the U.S., for $15 million. Constitution did not stipulate the president may purchase the land, Jefferson uses a loose interpretation (or implied powers) to purchase the land. The importance of the purchase was that it (1) Doubled the size of the U.S. (2) Allowed the U.S. to gain control of the Port of New Orleans. (3) Provided more mineral resources. (4) Allowed for the ability to settle the lands West of the Mississippi. Haitian Revolt Toussaint L'Ouverture Robert Livingston Napoleon

11 Pike s Expedition is considered equal in importance to that of Lewis & Clark s BUT of the American Southwest! 3c. Zebulon Pike s expedition of the American southwest in 1805.

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