Chapter 6. Launching a New Nation

Transcription

1 Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation

2 6.1 Laying the foundations of government The United States needed a president that the people already trusted.

3 Washington s Cabinet Currently, there are 14 executive departments that do most of the executive branch s work. The department heads make up the president s cabinet. Washington had two. Creates a third. Don t Write this slide

4 1 Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton. Deals with the country s finances.

5 2 Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. Deals with affairs with other nations.

6 Henry Knox Secretary of War

7 Edmund Randolph Attorney General

8 3 Supreme Court Judiciary Act of created a federal court system. The president nominates the justices and congress has to approve them. Justices are given lifetime appointments to ensure that they will not be influenced by political parties.

9 4 Hamilton and National Finances Hamilton s biggest challenge was paying off the national debt. Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume the majority of the debt states owed for the war. Southern states disagreed because they had almost paid off their debt.

10 5 For Hamilton to get southern support, The national capital would be moved into the south. (Washington, D.C.) Southern states agreed to the debt payoff.

11 6 Hamilton versus Jefferson Strong central government Wealthy class rule Manufacturing and business Wanted a higher tariff Wanted a national bank Loose interpretation Wanted to protect the powers of the states Believed in the common man Supported farming Wanted lower tariffs Against a national bank Strict interpretation

12 7 Bank of the United States Hamilton and Jefferson argued over whether or not the Constitution allowed for the federal government could have a national bank. Interpretations of the Constitution Hamilton- loose interpretation If it does not say the federal government can t, then the federal government can. Gives more power to the federal government.

13 8 Jefferson- strict interpretation If it does not say that you can, then you can t. tighter control over the federal government. President Washington and Congress approved the National Bank.

14 9 Troubles Abroad French Revolution- Many Americans supported it because it helped spread the ideals of democracy and equality. Shortly after the revolution, France and Britain go to war. Each country wants the US to support them in war. The US remains neutral and angers both sides.

15 10 The French viewed Jay s Treaty with Britain as a violation of the French-American alliance, began to seize American ships bound for Britain. Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate a solution with the French foreign minister, Talleyrand. In response, the Directory sent three low-level officials, whom Adams called X, Y, and Z. These officials demanded a $250,000 bribe as payment for seeing Talleyrand.

16 11 X,Y,Z Affair provoked a wave of anti- French feeling at home. Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute

17 12 Domestic Issues Conflict in the Northwest Territory with American Indians. American settlers were moving on Indian land. Battle of Fallen Timbers solves issue. The Whiskey Rebellion. Congress passed a tax on American made whiskey. Small farmers could not afford the tax. Showed the federal government could enforce federal law.

18 13 Federalists vs. Democratic- Republicans Many immigrants were joining the Democratic-Republican Party, Federalists losing power. Alien and Sedition Acts passed to keep Federalist power. It outraged the Democratic- Republican Party Virginia and Kentucky pass resolutions to nullify federal government power. Example of state gov t vs. federal gov t.

19 14 Jefferson Alters the Nation s Course Federalist power in decline. Adams tries to Federalist Party influence by appointing as many Federalist judges as he can before he leaves office. (midnight judges) Marbury v. Madison judicial review, supreme court s power to recognize a law by congress as unconstitutional.

20 15 Louisiana Purchase Jefferson buys Louisiana Territory from Napoleon of France after France lost it colony of Haiti. Doubled the size of the U.S. Increased the power of the federal government.

21 Napoleon

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23 16 The Lewis and Clark Expedition Started in May 1804 in St. Louis, Missouri. Explored the Louisiana Territory and the Oregon Territory. Ended in St. Louis in March of They had help from a Shoshone woman, Sacagawea, that was from the Rocky Mountain region. Found no river route to the Pacific but, collected a great deal of scientific information.

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25 17 Lewis and Clark Expedition- collect scientific information about unknown plants and animals enroute to the Pacific and to learn as much as possible about the Native American tribes encountered along the way. Sacajawea served as a guide.

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27 18 War of 1812 The British were supplying American Indians with guns and supplies to use against the Americans.

28 19 The British captured American merchant ships and were encouraging American Indian resistance in the Northwest Territory. Jay s Treaty was signed to keep peace. Upset the French! Pinkney s Treaty- Spain agreed to change the Florida border and reopened the New Orleans port.

29 20 A Trade War Americans were upset that Britain did not honor the U.S. policy of neutrality. An embargo was placed on all countries. This hurt the U.S. Congress replaced the embargo with the Non-Intercourse Act. Restricted trade with just Britain and France.

30 21 The Rise of Tecumseh Britain did not want the U.S. to keep moving west. They wanted to keep control of Canada. Britain gave weapons the Native Americans in the Northwest Territory to fight the U.S. Tecumseh tried to unite Native American tribes to fight.

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32 22 War Debate Members in Congress that wanted to go to war with Britain were known as War Hawks. Most were from the West and South. Strongest opposition to the war hawks were New England Federalists.

33 Old Ironsides wins one of the first battles of the war. USS Constitution

34 War at Sea Britain had hundreds of ships, the U.S. had fewer than 20. An advantage the U.S. had over Britain was the U.S. hired privateers. Privateers captured hundreds of British merchant ships. Another advantage was that British war ships were scattered around the world and could not be called away to fight.

35 The Canadian Border The U.S. wanted to invade Canada. Hopes were dashed when Tecumseh allied with the British and captured Fort Detroit. In 1813, U.S. troops burned down the British capital, York. U.S. broke Britain s control over the Great Lakes in the Battle of Lake Erie.

36 The Frontier War The U.S. victory in the Battle of the Thames won control of the Northwest frontier. Tecumseh was killed in the battle and that hurt the British alliance with the American Indians. The Creeks decided to fight the U.S. in present day Alabama. They destroyed Fort Mims

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38 Fort Mims Massacre

39 Fort Mims Massacre WV1-BM

40 Tennessee general Andrew Jackson led his troops to down to fight the Creeks. At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Jackson defeated the Creek and forced them to sign a treaty giving up millions of acres of their best land.

41 Battle of Horseshoe Bend elzney

42 The British on the Offensive Things in the east got bad when the British won their war against the French in Europe. Blockaded Atlantic ports and sent more troops. The British burned down the White House and other government buildings. British then moved to destroy Fort Mc Henry in Maryland

43 23 Battle at Fort Mc Henry The British shelled the fort for 25 hours. The U.S. refused to surrender. The British retreated. It was at that battle that the Star Spangled Banner was written by Francis Scott Key.

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45 24 The Battle of New Orleans Britain wanted to capture New Orleans to control the Mississippi River. Andrew Jackson was in charge of defending the fort. He was out numbered by the British. U.S. troops cut down the British. By the end of the day, over 2000 British soldiers were killed or wounded. 70 U.S. troops were killed.

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47 Ending the War Before the Battle of New Orleans, New England Federalists that opposed the war met in Hartford, Connecticut. (Hartford Convention). Talked about seceding from the U.S. This caused the Federalist party to lose much of their control. The Treaty of Ghent was already signed before the Hartford Convention and the Battle of New Orleans.

48 25 Treaty of Ghent Nothing was won or lost by either side. But, because of how the young U.S. handled itself, it gained respect from foreign nations. National pride was gained.

49 Washington s Farewell Address Stepped down as a reminder he was just a president, not a king. Greatest dangers to America were, 1. Making permanent foreign allies. Did not want foreign countries to affect American policies. 2. Political parties would divide and destroy the nation.

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