X - Standard Updated as per the latest Samacheer Textbook Edition for

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1 Social Science Salient Features : X - Standard Exhaustive Additional Questions in all Sections. Answers for Dept. Model Question Paper, PTA Model Question Papers 1 to 4 and Govt. Exam. Question Papers of April 2012 to September 2017 and Half Yearly Exam 2016, Quarterly Exam 2016 & 2017 are incorporated. Updated as per the latest Samacheer Textbook Edition for Detailed Analysis of 2, 4 and 5 marks Questions of 19 Question Papers. [Dept. Model and April 2012 to September 2017] Exam Refresher (Key Book). Sura s Model Question Papers I, II, III and IV with Answers. Free Practice Map workbook (96 Pages) which includes Solved Map based questions from Dept. Model, PTA Model 1 to 4 and Govt. Exam Question Papers from April 2016 to September Quarterly Exam 2017 Question Paper with Answer is given at the end of this Guide. SURA PUBLICATIONS. Chennai

2 Edition Reserved with Publishers ISBN : Code No : SG 47 Author : Smt. Bala Thiyagarajan, M.A., (Hist.) M.Ed., Head of the Department (Social Studies) (Ret.), St. Michael s Academy, Chennai. Reviewers: Mrs. Rathna Beaulah, M.A., (His.) M.Phil., Sarah Tucker Hr. Sec. School, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli Dist. Mrs. Hepzibah, M.A., (Geo.) M.Phil., Sarah Tucker Hr. Sec. School, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli Dist. Head Office: 1620, J Block, 16th Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai Phones: , Fax : (91) enquiry@surabooks.com website : Also available for Std. - X Guides RuhÉ jäœ ciuüš and Question Banks Sura s English Guide Sura s Will to Win English Guide Sura s Will to Win English Workbook Sura s Mathematics Guide (EM & TM) Sura s Science Guide (EM & TM) Sura s Social Science Guide (TM) Sura s PTA Solution Book & Exam Refresher (EM / TM) Sura s 5-in-1 Question Bank (EM & TM) Sura s Sigaram Thoduvom 5-in-1 One Mark (EM / TM) Sura s Sigaram Thoduvom (EM/TM) for all subjects Sura s Will to Win - 1 mark Q & A - English Paper I & II Sura s Map Work Book (EM & TM) RuhÉ brªjäœ gæ á ò jf«(jäœ) (ii)

3 NOTE FROM PUBLISHER It gives me great pride and pleasure in bringing to you Sura s Social Science Guide for X Standard (Based on New Uniform Syllabus System of Education). A deep understanding of the text and exercises is rudimentary to have an insight into History and Geography section. The students and teachers have to carefully understand the topics, chronological events and exercises. Sura s Social Science X Standard Guide encompasses all the requirements of the students to comprehend the text and the evaluation of the textbook. It will be a teaching companion to teachers and a learning companion to students. As the guide has been framed based on the Blue Print and Question Paper Pattern, it provides a precise and clear understanding of text and exercises from the examination perspective. Exhaustive additional questions in each part, i.e. Choose the correct answer, Match the following, Distinguish between, Fill ups and Time line have been given to help students practise and learn effectively all the sections of the textbook. In order to learn effectively, I advise students to learn the subject sectionwise and practise the exercises given. In addition, to facilitate the students, Tamil words are provided for difficult words and terminologies. Detailed Analysis of 2,4 & 5 marks questions, based on Departmental Model Question Paper and Govt. Examination Question Papers from April 2012 to September 2017 is given. Exam Refresher (Key book), containing important one mark multiple choice questions, two marks & five marks questions with answers, is also included. A 96 pages free map workbook with this guide will help the students sharpen their map skills and practise efficiently. Though these salient features are available in our Sura s Social Science Guide for X-Standard, I cannot negate the indispensable role of the teachers in assisting the students to understand the topics. I sincerely believe this guide satisfies the needs of the students and bolsters the teaching methodologies of the teachers. - Publisher All the Best (iii)

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5 CONTENTS Detailed Analysis of 2, 4 and 5 Marks Questions HISTORY viii - xviii Units S.No. Lessons Page No. I. 1. IMPERIALISM - Imperialism in India and China 1 II. 2. First World War (A.D A.D.1918) - League of Nations 26 III. 3. World Between the Two World Wars - (A.D A.D.1939) - Economic Depression Fascism in Italy (A.D A.D.1945) Nazism in Germany (A.D A.D.1945) 65 IV. 6. Second World War (A.D A.D.1945) The United Nations Organisation European Union 109 V. 9. The Great Revolt of VI. 10. Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19 th Century 140 VII. 11. Freedom Movement in India - Phase - I 164 Pre-Gandhian Era (A.D A.D.1919) 12. Freedom Movement in India - Phase - II 186 Gandhian Era (A.D A.D.1947) 13. Role of Tamil Nadu in the Freedom Movement 212 VIII. 14. Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu 225 GEOGRAPHY I. 1. India - Location and Physiography India - Climate 259 II. 3. India - Natural Resources 274 (v)

6 III. 4. India - Agriculture India - Industries Environmental Issues 322 IV. 7. India - Trade, Transport and Communication 335 V. 8. Remote Sensing 361 VI 9. Disaster Risk Reduction 370 CIVICS Units S.No. Lessons Page No. I. 1. India and World Peace 376 II. 2. Democracy Unity in Diversity 397 III. 4. Consumer Rights 403 ECONOMICS Units S.No. Lessons Page No. I. 1. National Income 410 II. 2. Indian Economy after Independence 418 Years and Events (Table) 431 Time Line Chart - Revision 439 Important Points for Geography Maps 443 Exam Refresher (Key Book) 449 Model Question Papers - I, II, III & IV with Answers 493 Quarterly Exam Question Paper 2017 with Answers 543 (vi)

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8 DETAILED ANALYSIS (For 2 marks, 4 marks and 5 marks questions) It covers 19 sets of Question Papers. i.e. Dept. Model and April 2012 to Sep Units 1 Questions 2 Marks : Very Short Ans. Ques. (History) Define Imperialism. Answers in Page No. What is Colonialism? 9 Examination Month & Year 9 Dept. Paper; June 12 & 13; April & June 14; July & Oct. 16; Mar., June & Sep. 17 April & Oct. 12; Sep. 14; June 15; April 16 Write about Military Imperialism. 9 April 13 Write a note on Taiping Rebellion 10 June 13; Oct Why did Germany need Colonies? 33 June 14 Dept. Paper; April 12 & 14; What was the immediate cause of the First World War? 34 June 13 & 17 Why did America enter into first world war? 34 Sep. 14; June 15; Oct. 16 Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles. 34 July 16 June & Oct. 12; April & June 13; What are the organs of the League of Nations? 34 April 15; Mar. & Sep. 17 List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations. 3 What were the causes for the Great Economic Depression? Sep. 13 June 12; Sep. 13; April 14 & 16 Write a note on National Industrial Recovery Act. 51 April 13 & 15 4 What does the term Fascism mean? 59 April 12 & 15; Sep. 13 & 14; Oct. 15; Mar., June & Sep. 17 What were the four pillars of fascism? 59 Oct. 12; April 13 & 16; June 14; July 2016 Trace the reasons for the rise of Fascism 59 Dept. Paper 5 What did Hitler declare? 70 June 15 6 How did Japan sow the seeds for Second World War? 85 Oct. 15 Write a note on the Scorched Earth Policy. 85 April, June & Sep. 14; Mar. & June 17 Why did America declare war on Japan? 85 April 12 & 16 Oct What are the main objectives of the UNO? 101 Dept. Paper; June 12 & 15; Sep. 13; Oct. 16 (viii)

9 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 7 Mention any two major achievements of the UNO 101 Sep. 17 Mention some of the specialized agencies of the UNO. 101 April 15 & 16 8 Mention the initial member countries of the EU. 112 Oct. 15; July 16 What are the principal objectives of the EU? 112 June 13 9 Name of the Important leaders and centres of the mutiny. 125 Oct. 12; June 13; April & June 14; July & Oct. 16; Mar., June & Sep. 17 Mention the importance of Queen Victoria s Proclamation. 125 Dept. Paper; June 12 & 15 What was the immediate cause for the revolt of 1857? 126 April 13 & 16; Sep. 14 Why was the revolt not widespread? 126 April 12; Oct What are the services rendered by Arya Samaj? 146 April & Oct. 12; Sep. 13 & 17; April 14 Mention the main principles of the Theosophical Society. 147 Dept. Paper; July 16 What are the teachings of Vallalar? 147 June 12 & 17; April 13 & 15; Sep. 14; Mar. 17 Point out the impacts of social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19 th century. 147 June 14; Oct What were the aims of the Indian National Congress? 169 Sep. 13; Oct. 15 Name some of the important moderate leaders. 169 April 13; June 14 Mention the importance of Lucknow session of the Indian April 2012; June 12 & 17; 170 National Congress in July 16 Write a note about Jallian Wala Bagh tragedy. 173 April 16 What are the changes introduced by the Government of India 12 Act of 1935? 191 Sep. 17 What was the resolution passed in the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929? 191 April 15 Write a short note on the Cabinet Mission 191 Oct. 15 Write a short note on Swarajya Party. 196 Oct. 16 What was Mountbatten Plan? 197 June Write a brief note on Vellore Mutiny. 215 Oct. 12; Sep. 13 What do you know about Thiruppur Kumaran? 216 Oct. 15 Write a note about Subramaniya Siva 216 June 15 Mention some of the poems of Subramaniya Bharathiar. 216 April 15; Mar. 17 Write a note on the welfare measures taken by Kamaraj. 216 Dept. Paper; June 13; April 14; Oct. 16 Why was Kamaraj called as King Maker? 216 Sep. 13 & What are the aims of Self-Respect Movement? 228 June 12 & 15; April 13 & 15; Sep. 17 Why do we call Periyar as Vaikam Hero? 229 Dept. Paper; June 13; April & Sep. 14; April & Oct. 16; Mar. 17 (ix)

10 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 14 Narrate Dr. Muthu Lakshmi s role in the agitation against Devadasi system. 229 April & Oct. 12; June 17 What did Dr. S. Dharmambal do to the Tamil Teachers? 229 June 14 Write about Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy. 231 July Marks : Caption Ques. (History) Causes for the rise of Imperialism 13 April 12; Sep. 14; Oct. 15 Battle of Plassey and Buxar 13 April & June 14; Mar. & Sep. 17 Boxer Rebellion 14 June 15 2 Ambition of Germany 38 April 13; April & July 16 Balkan problem 38 Oct. 12; Sep. 13; June 15 & 17 Course of the First world war 38 April 15 League of Nations 39 Dept. Paper; June 12 & 13;Oct Franklin D. Roosevelt 52 Dept. Paper; April 12 & 13; April & July 16 4 Fascist Party 61 April & Sep. 14; Oct. 16 Oct. 12; Sep. 13; 5 Adolf Hitler 73 April 15; Mar., June & Sep Causes of the Second World War 88 June 14 7 Major achievements of the UNO 104 June 12 & 15 9 Political causes of the Revolt of July 16 Revolt at Kanpur 129 Oct. 12; June 14 Revolt of Central India 129 April 12; June 13; Oct. 15 & 16; Sep Brahmo Samaj 152 Dept. Paper; June 13; Oct. 15 Arya Samaj 152 April 13 & 16; Sep. 14; June 15 The Theosophical Society 152 June 12 Ramakrishna Mission 153 Sep. 13; April 14; Mar. 17 Dr. B.R. Ambedhkar 153 April 15; June The Indian National Congress. 174 Sep. 17 Jallian Wala Bagh Tragedy 175 Dept. Paper; April & Oct. 12; June 13; April & Oct. 15; Mar Simon Commission 197 April 14 The Mountbatten plan 197 June 14, 15 & 17; Oct. 16 (x)

11 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 13 C. Rajagopalachariyar. 219 July 16 K. Kamaraj 219 April 13 & Self-respect Movement 232 June 12; Sep. 13 & Marks : Paragraph Ques. (History) What were the causes for imperialsim? 18 Oct. 12; June 13; April 16 What were the effects of imperialism? 20 April 14; Oct. 16; June 17 Describe the First and Second Opium Wars. 20 June 12; Oct What were the achievements of League of Nations? 45 April 13; June & Sep. 14; July 16 What were the causes for the First World War? 46 Sep. 13 Write a paragraph about Relief, Recovery and Reforms April 12 & 15; 3 54 introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt. June 15; Mar. & Sep What were the achievements of Facism under Mussolini? 63 Dept. Paper; Sep Write any five causes for the outbreak of Second World War. 93 April 14 Sep. 13; June 15; What were the results of the Second World War? 94 July 16 April 12 & 16 7 What are the major achievements of the UNO. 107 Oct. 12 & 16 What were the administrative and military causes of the Great 9 Revolt of 1857? 134 April 13; Mar. & June 17 Enumerate the causes for the failure of the Great Revolt of June 12, 13 & 14; April 15; Sep. 17 Mention the results of the Great Revolt of Sep Explain the activities of the Ramakrishna Mission. 158 Dept. Paper Write any five factors that promoted the rise of nationalist 11 movement. 180 Dept. Paper; June Write a note on the Indian National Congress. 181 Oct. 15 Explain the stages of Non-co-operation Movement of April 12; and why was it suspended? April & Sep. 14; July 16 Write a short note on Salt Sathyagraha. 205 Oct. 12, 15 & 16; Sep. 17 What is the importance of the three Round Table Conferences? 206 June 15 Write a paragraph on Quit India Movement. 206 April 15 (xi)

12 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 13 Bharathiar is a freedom fighter - Justify Write a paragraph on the formation and achievements of the Justice party. Dr. Muthulakshmi s contribution to Tamil Society is beyond description-prove the statement. Moovalur Ramamirdham is a freedom fighter and a social reformer Justify the statement. 2 Marks : Very Short Ans. Ques. (Geography) What are the main physical divisions of India? 247 June 12; Sep. 13 April April & June 13; Mar June Oct. 15 Dept. Paper; April & Oct. 12; June 13; April 14 & 16; Oct. 16 Write any two points on the importance of the Himalayas. 247 Sep. 13; April, June 15; June 17 Name a few well-known holy places in the Northern Mountains of India. 247 Sep. 13; Oct. 15; Mar. 17 Name the islands belonging to India. 247 June 12 & 14; April 13; June & Sep. 14; July 16; Sep. 17 Dept. Paper; April, June & Oct. 12; 2 Name the factors determining the climate of India. 265 Sep. 13;April 14; Oct. 16; Mar. & June 17 What do you mean by monsoon? 266 April 13; June 14; Sep. 17 What are the main features of tropical monsoon type of climate? 266 Oct. 15 Name the regions of heavy rainfall in India. 266 June 13; April 15 What do you mean by the Burst of Monsoon? 266 Sep. 14 What is meant by Rain Water Harvesting? 267 July 16 What are the different types of Monsoon? 268 April 16 3 What do you understand by the term natural resource? 280 April 12; April & Sep. 14; July 16; Mar. 17 What are the properties of fertile soil? 280 June 13 & 17; Oct. 15 Name any four main characteristics of the tropical evergreen June 12 & 14; 280 forest. Oct. 16; Sep. 17 Give the meaning of shrub and thorn forest. 281 June 15 Name the Mica producing areas of India. 281 Dept. Paper; Oct. 12; April 13, 15 & 16; Sep What are the major determinant factors of agriculture? 289 April 15 What are the types of agriculture? 289 June 12, 13 & 14; Oct. 12 & 16; April 14; July 16; Sep. 17 (xii)

13 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 4 Name the agricultural seasons in India. 289 Dept. Paper; April 13 Name the cotton growing areas of India. 289 Sep. 13; Oct. 15; April 16 What are plantation crops? 289 April 12; Sep. 14; June 15; Mar. & June 17 5 Define Manufacturing 306 Oct. 15 Name the factors that determine location of an industry. 306 June & Oct. 12; June 13; April 14 & 16 What are the agro based industries? Give examples. 307 April 12 & 15; Sep. 13 & 17; June & Sep. 14 Name any five software centres. 307 June 14 & 15; Oct. 16 What are the by-products of Jute industry? or What are the Jute products? What is water pollution? 326 Dept. Paper; April & Oct. 12; April 13; June 15 & 16; Mar. & June 17 Oct. 12; June 13; April 15 List out the major air pollutants. 326 April 13 & 16 What is meant by Noise pollution? 326 Sep. 13; June 15 What are the major causes of Water Pollution? 326 July 16 What is bio-diversity? 326 Oct. 15 Dept. Paper; What is meant by pollution due to e-waste? 326 June 12; April 14 Mar., June & Sep What is trade? What are the types of trade? 342 April, June 12, Sep. 13; April 14; April & July 16 What is the significance of border roads? 342 June 13; Oct. 15 & 16 State the merits of pipeline transport. (or) Mention the importance of pipeline networks in the country. 343 Oct. 12; April 13 & 15; June 15; Sep. 14 Mar., June & Sep. 17 What are the advantages of communication network? 343 Dept. Paper; June 14 & 17 Name any four Mass Communications used by the People. 350 Oct What is meant by remote sensing? 363 Dept. Paper; April 13 & 15; June 14 & 17; Mar. 17 What are the disadvantages of Ground Survey? 363 July 16 Mention the basic components of remote sensing. 363 April & Sep. 14; Sep. 17 Define GIS. 363 April & Oct. 12; Sep. 13; June 15; April 16 (xiii)

14 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 8 Mention any two applications of GIS. 363 Oct. 15 What are the uses of GPS? (or) Write any two applications of GPS 364 June 12 & 13; Oct What are the important aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction? 370 Oct Marks : Distinguish Ques. (Geography) GMT and IST. 243 Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. 244 (xiv) Dept. Paper; April 13 & 15; Mar., June & Sep. 17 Dept. Paper; April, June & Oct. 12; June 13 & 15; April 14 & 16; July 16 West Coastal Plains - East Coastal Plains 244 Sep. 13; June & Sep. 14; Oct. 15 Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers. 245 Oct. 16; Sep Windward side - Leeward side of the mountains 262 April 14; Oct. 15 South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon. 262 April 12; Sep. 13; June 15; Oct. 16 June & Oct. 12; Weather and Climate. 263 April 13 & 15; June 14; June & Sep. 17 Loo - Norwesters 263 June 13; April & Sep. 14; Oct. 15; Mar. 17 High Rainfall region and Low Rainfall region. 265 April 16 Summer rainfall and Winter rainfall. 265 July 16 3 Tropical Evergreen Forest - Tropical Monsoon Forest 278 June 13 & 14 Renewable resource and Non-renewable resource. 278 Dept. Paper; April, June & Oct. 12 & 15; April 13; Sep. 14; Mar. & Sep. 17 Wind energy and Thermal energy. 278 Dept. Paper; April & Oct. 12; April & June 13; June & Sep. 14 & 16; June 15 Black soil and Alluvial soil 279 Sep. 13 Metallic Minerals and Non-metallic Minerals. 280 April 16 4 Subsistence Agriculture - Commercial Agriculture. 287 Oct. 12; April 13 & 15; July 16; Mar. & June 17 Kharif crops and Rabi crops. 287 Dept. Paper; June 12; Sep. 13; April & Sep. 14; Oct. 16; Sep. 17

15 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 4 Unicrop (Monocrop) Cultivation - Dual Crop Cultivation Agro based and Mineral based industries. 305 Iron and Steel Industry - Software Industry Water Pollution and Land Pollution 324 Air Pollution and Noise Pollution National Highways and State Highways. 339 June 13 & 15; April 14 & 16; Oct. 15; July 16 April, June & Oct. 12; April & Sep. 13; June & Sep. 14; June & Oct. 15; April, July & Oct. 16 June 13 & 17; April 15; Mar. 17 April 12 & 16; Sep. 13; April & June 14; July & Oct. 16 Dept. Paper; April 15; Mar., June & Sep. 17 April & Oct. 12; June 13 & 16; April 14; Exports and Imports. 339 April 12, 13 & 16; June & Sep. 14; June 12 & 15; Oct. 15 & 16; Sep. 17 Dept. Paper; June 12; Sep. 13 & 14; Internal trade and International trade. 340 April & Oct. 15 Mar., June & Sep Roadways and Railways. 340 Airways and waterways 340 Dept. Paper; April & Sep. 13; April 15; Mar. & June 17 June 13, 14 & 15; April 14 & 16 Bilateral Trade and Multilateral Trade. 341 Oct. 16; Sep Marks : Paragraph Ques. (Geography) India is a sub-continent Justify 249 Sep. 13; July 16 Unity in Diversity Explain 249 Explain the origin of the Himalayas. 250 June 13; Oct. 15; Sep. 17 Dept. Paper; June 12; April 15; Mar. 17 Mention the importance of Himalayas. 250 April 13; Sep Analyse any two factors, determining the climate of India. 268 Sep. 13 Describe any one of the branch of Southwest Monsoon 269 June 13 Describe rain water harvesting. 269 Oct. 12 & 16 (xv)

16 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 3 Write the importance of forest Describe the need for conservation of natural resources. 282 What are the benefits of adopting bio-technology in agriculture? Discuss current challenges in Indian agriculture. 292 Describe the factors encouraging cotton textile industry in Mumbai. (or) Describe the factors, why Mumbai is called the Manchester of India April 12, 14 & 16; June 13 June 14, 15 & 17 ; Oct July 16 Dept. Paper; April & June 12; April Oct. 12; April 14 & 16 Write a note on Sugar Industries of India. 312 June 17 Write an account of automobile industry. 313 April 13; Sep. 17 Write an account of software industry. 313 June 14 6 What are the effects of the acid rain? 331 Sep. 14; Oct. 16; Mar. 17 What is smog? What are the effects of smog? 332 June 15 Explain India s trade with reference to her major exports and 7 imports. 350 Oct. 12 April 12, 13 & 16; June & Sep. 8 Write about Remote Sensing Technology ; June 15 Dept. Paper; Sep. 13; Explain the various components of remote sensing. 366 April 14; July 16; June 17 Explain the process involves in the Remote Sensing 367 June 12; Oct. 15 Technology. 9 1 What are the advantages of remote sensing? 368 April 15; Sep. 17 Write the importance of Early Warning System Disaster Risk Reduction. 371 Oct. 16 What do you understand from the term Recovery stage of Disaster Risk reduction? 2 Marks : Very Short Ans. Ques. (Civics) Mention the important aspects of India s Policy for promoting World peace. 371 Mar Dept. Paper; Oct. 12; Sep. 14; June 15 & 17 Why is world peace an essential one? 379 Sep. 13; April 15; Mar. & Sep. 17 What are the five principles of the Pancha Sheel? 379 June 12 & 13 Write a note on the policy of Apartheid. 379 April 12, 13 & 16; Oct. 15; July 16 Name the areas identified by the SAARC countries for mutual co-operation. 379 June 14 India has rendered whole hearted support to the UNO - Justify? 379 April 14; Oct. 16 (xvi)

17 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 2 Give Abraham Lincoln s definition of Democracy. 388 What are the National parties? 388 June 12, 13 & 14; April 14; April, July & Oct. 16 April 12; Sep. 13; Oct. 15; June 17 Give a brief note on the functions of the Election Commission. 388 Oct. 12; June 15 3 Name some of the religions of India How do our customs, habits and heritage help to maintain unity? 5 Marks : Paragraph Ques. (Civics) Write a paragraph on Pancha sheel and the policy of Non- Alignment. April 13 & 15; Sep. 14; Mar. & Sep Dept. Paper 381 Write a short notes about SAARC. 382 Dept. Paper; Oct. 12; April 13 & 15; Sep. 14 Mar., June & Sep. 17 April & June 12, 14 & 16; June & Sep. 13; June & Oct. 2015; Oct Explain the types and importance of democracy. 392 June 14 & 17 April 12; June 13 & 15; Mention the types of election and explain them. 392 Oct. 15 & 16; July 16; Mar. 17 Sep. 13 & 14; Explain the role of opposition party in a democracy. 393 April 14 & 16; Sep. 14 Explain how do language and literature help to maintain unity 3 in diversity. 400 Dept. Paper; April 15 Write a paragraph on National Integration. 400 June & Oct. 12; April & June 13; Sep Write a paragraph on the Rights of Consumers What are the measures taken by the Government of Tamil Nadu to protect the consumers? 409 April 12 & 16; Sep. 13; April, June & Sep. 14; July & Oct. 16 Dept. Paper, June, & Oct. 12; April 13 & 15; June & Oct. 15 Mar., June & Sep Marks : Very Short Ans. Ques. (Economics) Define National Income. 412 June 13 & 14; Oct. 16 What is per capita income? 413 Dept. Paper; April, June & Oct. 12; April & Sep. 14; April & July 16 Write any two needs for the study of National Income. 413 June 17 What is tertiary sector? 413 Oct. 15 (xvii)

18 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Detailed Analysis 1 What is Laissez-faire? 413 April 13 & 15; Mar. 17 What is net domestic product? 413 Sep. 13 & 17 2 Write any two objectives of Eleventh Five Year plan. 423 July 16 Write a note on Green Revolution. 423 June 13 & 17; April 14; Oct. 16 What is mixed economy? 423 Write a note on cottage industries. 424 April 13 & 15; Sep. 14; Mar. & Sep. 17 June 15; Oct. 15; April 16 What is Privatisation? 424 April 12 What do you mean by Globalization? 424 June & Oct. 12; Sep. 13; June 14 Write a note on transport system in Tamil Nadu. 424 Dept. Paper 1 5 Marks : Paragraph Ques. (Economics) Explain the two basic concepts of National income. 414 Sep. 13; April 14 & 16; July & Oct. 16 Dept. Paper; Explain the need for the study of National Income. 415 April, June & Oct. 12; April & June & Oct. 15 April & June 13; April 15; Explain the methods of calculating National income. 416 Mar. & Sep. 17 Write about the functions of modern welfare state. 416 June & Sep. 14; June 17 April & Oct. 12; April 13 & 15; 2 Write down the objectives of Eleventh Five-Year Plan. 426 Sep. 13 & 14; June & Oct. 15 Mar., June & Sep. 17 Explain Green Revolution. 426 Explain Economic Reforms of April 12 & 16; April & Sep. 13; June & Sep. 14; Oct. 15; July & Oct. 16 Dept. Paper; June 12 & 13; April 14;April & July 16 Explain the various power programs in Tamil Nadu. 427 What are the steps taken to improve the Indian Economy after independence? Dept. Paper; Oct. 12 & 16; June 13 & 15; April & June 14; Mar., June & Sep June 12 (xviii)

19 IMPERIALISM (Vfhâg âa«) Imperialism in India and China Exercise History I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 7-8) 1. Germany and Italy became unified countries in [June 2013] a) 1870 b) 1872 c) 1780 d) 1782 (Ans - a) 2. A great demand for the raw materials was created by [April & June 2012; Sep. 2014; June 2015; April & July 2016] a) Industrial Revolution b) IT Revolution c) French Revolution d) Agrarian Revolution (Ans - a) 3. The policy of Imperialism followed by the European countries from was known as a) Neo - Imperialism b) Political Imperialism c) New Imperialism d) Military Imperialism (Ans - c) 4. China was politically independent under the [PTA-1] a) Chin rule b) Shang rule c) Chou rule d) Manchu rule (Ans - d) 5. The movement of goods was speeded up by the development of [April 2013; June 2014] a) Railways b) Roadways c) Airways d) Waterways (Ans - a) 6. The Sphere of Influence was adopted by the European countries in a) Japan b) China c) India d) Burma (Ans - b) 7. The English East India company was formed in [QY. 2016; Sep. 2017] a) 1600 b) 1664 c) 1644 d) 1700 (Ans - a) 8. The French East India company was established by [Dept. Paper; HY. 2016; PTA-4; April 2014; Mar. & QY. 2017] a) Louis XIV b) Colbert c) Louis XVI d) De Brazza (Ans - b) 9. The Second Opium War came to an end by the Treaty of a) Peking b) Nanking c) Canton d) Shantung (Ans - a) 10. The policy formulated by England and USA for China. [Oct. 2016] a) Open Door Policy b) Doctrine of Lapse c) Protective Trade Policy d) Scorched Earth Policy (Ans - a) 1 1

20 2 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter The Mughal emperor who gave permission to English East India Company to set up trading post at Surat a) Shahjahan b) Jahangir c) Aurangazeb d) Humayun (Ans - b) 12. The Republic of China was established under [Oct. 2015] a) Dr. Sun Yat Sen b) Chou - En - Lai c) Mao Tse Tung d) Chiang Kai Sheik (Ans - a) Additional Questions : 13. In the late 19 th century and early 20 th century there was a great upheaval in. a) America b) Asia c) Europe d) Africa (Ans - c) 14. The word Imperialism means. a) protest b) power c) control d) policy (Ans - b) 15. The term Imperialism refers to the policy of extending a country s over the other. a) boundary b) rule c) ideas d) influence (Ans - b) 16. The term Imperialism refers to the behaviour of one state against another. a) aggressive b) friendly c) helpful d) co-operative (Ans - a) 17. The term Imperialism means a country s dominance over another nation to exploit its a) money b) people c) natural resources d) land (Ans - c) 18. The policy adopted by the European countries from is known as. a) Capitalism b) Communism c) Colonialism d) Marxism (Ans - c) 19. The European countries adopted Colonialism from. a) b) c) d) (Ans - b) 20. England, Spain, France and Portugal established their colonies in continents a) Asia and Africa b) Asia and America c) Europe and Asia d) Africa and America (Ans - b) 21. Colonialism refers to the policy of annexing colonies especially for. a) entertainment b) ownership c) exploitation d) destruction (Ans - c) 22. Colonialism was a relationship between an indigenous majority and a minority foreign. a) friends b) officials c) invaders d) people (Ans - c) 23. Imperialism was developed for ideological as well as reasons. a) political b) natural c) financial d) humanitarian (Ans - c) 24. Imperialism is the concept whereas Colonialism is the. a) purpose b) policy c) practice d) power (Ans - c)

21 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Between 1763 and 1870 the European Countries were involved in a number of wars and Movements. a) Labour b) Social c) Unification d) Religious (Ans - c) 26. After Unification began to establish their political and economic powers in Africa and Asia. a) USA and England b) Russia and France c) India and China d) Italy and Germany (Ans - d) 27. New Imperialism was the policy followed by the European countries from a) 1850 to 1940 b) 1870 to 1945 c) 1860 to 1945 d) 1870 to 1935 (Ans - b) 28. Imperialism took major forms in the 19 th century a) two b) three c) four d) ten (Ans - b) 29. The USA s invasion against Iraq is called Imperialism. a) economic b) military c) political d) new (Ans - b) 30. The British followed Imperialism in India. a) political b) economic c) military d) exploiting (Ans - a) 31. European and American countries economically controlled. a) Japan b) China c) Burma d) Korea (Ans - b) 32. Industrial Revolution in countries resulted in a great increase in production. a) European b) African c) Asian d) American (Ans - a) 33. Industrial Revolution created a great for raw materials and new markets. a) loss b) surplus c) demand d) interest (Ans - c) 34. Europe followed trade policy. a) open b) selective c) protective d) external (Ans - c) 35. The purchasing power of the people was less due to. a) Capitalism b) Communism c) Socialism d) Individualism (Ans - a) 36. The telegraph system linked the whole world and reduced great. a) burden b) distances c) tariff d) difficulties (Ans - b) 37. The sense of and self-sufficiency among the European political groups instigated Colonial Imperialism. a) national security b) responsibility c) pride d) political stability (Ans - a) 38. The later part of the nineteenth century saw extreme nationalistic ideas in. a) Asia b) Africa c) America d) Europe (Ans - d) 39. Many nations felt that acquisition of colonies would the prestige of their nations. a) affect b) bring down c) empower d) enhance (Ans - d)

22 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter 1 25 VI. Activity (Textbook Pg. No. 9) Mark the following on the outline map of Asia. Peking (Beijing) [PTA-1 & 4; Apr. 13 & 15; June 15; Mar. & QY. 17] Canton [PTA-1 & 2; HY. 16; Apr. 14 & 16; July & Oct. 16] Hong Kong [PTA-2 & 3; QY. 16; April 12, 13 & 15; Sep. 12 & 14; June 14 & 15; Oct. 15; Mar., June, Sep. & QY. 17] Formosa [PTA-2 & 3; QY. & HY. 16; QY. 17; Sep. 12 & 14; Apr. & June 14; Oct. 15; Apr. & Oct. 16] Korea [PTA-3 & 4; HY. 16; Sep. 12 & 14; Apr. 13; June 14 & 16; Oct. 15; Mar., June & Sep. 17] Nanking [PTA-1, 3 & 4; HY. 16; Apr. 14] Manchuria [PTA-1 & 2; Apr. & June 14; July & Oct. 16] Shakalin Islands [PTA-1 & 4; Apr. 14 & 16; July & Oct. 16] Japan [PTA-3 & 4; QY. 16; Apr. 12, 13 & 15; Sep. 12 & 14; June 14 & 15; Oct. 15; Mar., June & QY. 17] Pacific Ocean [HY. 16; Apr. & Sep. 12; April 13 & 16; July & Oct. 16; Sep. 17] Formosa (Taiwan) Í Î

23 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter German battle cruiser was destroyed in the battle of a) Jutland b) Dogger bank c) North sea d) Baltic sea (Ans - b) 12. Germany sued for peace on a) Nov.11, 1918 b) Nov. 21, 1918 c) Nov. 12, 1918 d) Nov. 22, 1918 (Ans - a) 13. The First World War came to an end by the [Sep. 2017] a) London Peace Conference b) Rome Peace Conference c) Berlin Peace Conference d) Paris Peace Conference (Ans - d) 14. The League of Nations was officially founded in a) March 7, 1930 b) March 2 nd, 1928 c) Jan 20, 1920 d) Jan 20, 1924 (Ans - c) Additional Questions : 15. The engulfed all the countries of the world directly or indirectly. a) Sino Japanese war b) First World War c) Opium war d) Korean war (Ans - b) 16. Germany was unified in. a) 1890 b) 1870 c) 1880 d) 1800 (Ans - b) 17. After unification, Germany developed in the field of a) Industries b) Agriculture c) Textiles d) Food products (Ans - a) 18. The colonies of in America were not potentially rich. a) England b) France c) America d) Africa (Ans - d) 19. Kaiser William II was the ruler of a) Germany b) Turkey c) France d) Italy (Ans - a) 20. There was a popular saying that the sun never sets in the empire. a) French b) Roman c) British d) German (Ans - c) 21. Germany needed more colonies for her growing a) industries b) farm lands c) population d) trade (Ans - c) 22. Heligoland is located in a) South China Sea b) Caspian Sea c) North Sea d) Aral Sea (Ans - c) 23. The German ruler adopted a very policy leading to the First World War. a) friendly b) aggressive c) diplomatic d) loyal (Ans - b) 24. The European powers signed several secret alliances. a) business b) cultural c) military d) religions (Ans - c) 25. Triple Alliance was formed in a) 1881 b) 1882 c) 1883 d) 1884 (Ans - b)

24 28 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Triple Alliance was formed by a) Italy, Germany, Austria - Hungary b) Italy, Turkey, Austria c) Rome, Berlin, Tokyo d) London, Paris, Moscow (Ans - a) 27. Triple Entente was formed in a) 1907 b) 1908 c) 1909 d) 1906 (Ans - a) 28. Triple Entente was formed by a) France, Britain, America b) France, Britain, Russia c) Russia, Germany, Italy d) Italy, Germany, Japan (Ans - b) 29. Lack of an international organization led to a) Anarchy b) Monarchy d) Oligarchy d) Hierarchy (Ans - a) 30. The strong factor for war is a) economy b) education c) culture d) militarism (Ans - d) 31. If you wish for peace prepare for war, often said by a) Americans b) Indians c) Europeans d) Politicians (Ans - c) 32. Germany, France and Russia adopted a new programme of a) Political expansion b) Territorial expansion c) Arms expansion d) Cultural expansion (Ans - c) 33. Great Britain increased its expenditure. a) naval b) transport c) textile d) machinery (Ans - a) 34. Germany was in the fear of an anticipated attack from a) Italy b) France c) Belgium d) Switzerland (Ans - b) 35. Africa and Asia were mostly colonized by the a) Americans b) Europeans c) Russians d) Japanese (Ans - b) 36. Germany s growth in the international markets made angry. a) Italy b) India c) America d) Britain (Ans - d) 37. Berlin and Panther were two warships. a) German b) French c) British d) American (Ans - a) 38. Berlin and Panther were sent to by Germany. a) Morocco b) Heligoland c) Turkey d) Serbia (Ans - a) 39. French occupation of Morocco was opposed by a) Churchill b) Kaiser William II c) Woodrow Wilson d) Clemenceau (Ans - b) 40. Germany wanted to declare an international colony. a) Bulgaria b) Rumania c) Morocco d) Austria (Ans - c) 41. Germany withdrew the two warships Berlin and Panther due to the intervention of. a) Russia b) Spain c) Turkey d) Britain (Ans - d)

25 30 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter An ultimatum was sent by to Serbia. a) England b) Austria c) Germany d) France (Ans - b) 60. Russia supported the cause of a) Serbia b) Austria c) Hungary d) Bulgaria (Ans - a) 61. The countries which were on the side of were called the Central Powers. a) Germany b) Britain c) America d) Russia (Ans - a) 62. The countries which were on the side of were called the Allies. a) Britain b) Germany c) Austria d) Italy (Ans - a) 63. Artillery, Tanks and Submarines were used in the a) First World War b) Creamean War c) Franco Prussian war d) Sino-Japanese war (Ans - a) 64. The Battle of Marne was in favour of the a) Allies b) Central Powers c) Europeans d) Americans (Ans - a) 65. Trenches were dug in the battle of a) Doggerbank b) Marne c) Dardanelles d) Heligoland (Ans - b) 66. Russia suffered a defeat in the battle of a) Tannenberg b) Doggerbank c) Marne d) Dardanelles (Ans - a) 67. The Russian army was forced to withdraw from Austria by the army. a) Austrian b) Serbian c) German d) Italian (Ans - c) 68. Turkey entered the First World War in. a) September 1915 b) October 1914 c) June 1916 d) July 1917 (Ans - b) 69. The communication between Russia and the Allies were cut off due to support to Central Powers. a) Britain s b) Turkey s c) French s d) Austria s (Ans - b) 70. The made an attempt to capture Gallipoli peninsula. a) Greeks b) French c) British d) Germans (Ans - c) 71. Dardanelles expedition was a failure to the a) Germans b) Italians c) French d) British (Ans - d) 72. The failure of the British in the Dardanelles expedition emboldened the a) Serbians b) Rumanians c) Bulgarians d) Greeks (Ans - c) 73. Bulgaria joined the Central Powers in a) 1915 b) 1916 c) 1914 d) 1917 (Ans - a) 74. In 1916 joined the Allies. a) Bulgaria b) Rumania c) Serbia d) Yugoslavia (Ans - b) 75. The North Sea was commanded by the a) British b) Germans c) French d) Belgians (Ans - a)

26 34 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter 2 2. Write a note on Moroccan problem. [PTA-4; QY. 2016] (i) When France occupied Morocco it was recognized by Britain, but it was opposed by Kaiser William II of Germany. (ii) To declare Morocco as an international colony, he sent two warships Berlin and Panther to Morocco. (iii) When Britain intervened (jiyæljš), Germany withdrew the ships. (iv) But it wanted to take revenge on Britain. 3. What was the immediate cause of the First World War? [Deptl. Paper; April 2012 & 2014; June 2013 & 2017] (i) The Congress of Berlin, 1878 gave permission to Austria-Hungary to govern Bosnia and Herzegovina but not to annex (ïiz jš) it. (ii) These territories should have gone to Serbia since the inhabitants were Slavs as in Seribia. (iii) In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. (iv) On 28 th June 1914 Austrian crown prince Francis Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian lad at Serajevo the capital of Bosnia. (v) Austria sent an ultimatum (ïwâ v rç if) to Serbia but Serbia ignored it. (vi) Austria declared war on 28 th July Explain war in the Eastern Front. (i) The Russian forces attacked both Germany and Austria. (ii) But Russia suffered a defeat at the battle of Tennenberg. (iii) When Austria was facing crisis, Germany came to its aid. (iv) German forces inflicted heavy losses on the Russian forces. (v) The Russian forces were forced to withdraw from the Austrian territories. 5. Write a short note on war on the Sea. (i) In the battle of Doggerbank a German battle cruiser was destroyed by the British. (ii) The battle of Jutland was fought in (iii) Both the parties faced heavy losses. (iv) The German fleet retreated to the port. (v) Since it could not break the naval blockade of Britain, it used submarines to sink the ships of the Allies. 6. Why did America enter into First World War? [Sep. 2014; June 2015; Oct. 2016; QY. 2017] (i) In 1917 Germany drowned four merchant ships of America, including Lusitania with her submarines. (ii) More than hundred Americans died in this incident. (iii) The American President Woodrow Wilson became angry. (iv) He declared war on Germany on 6 th April Mention any two terms of the Treaty of Versailles. [HY. & July 2016] (i) The Covenant of the League of Nations was drawn up. (ii) A huge war indemnity was imposed on Germany. Her army was reduced. (iii) The overseas possessions of Germany were divided among the victorious nations. 8. Write any two fundamental principles of the League of Nations. [PTA-2] (i) It aimed to improve the unity among nations and keep peace and security in the world. (ii) The member nations of the League should respect and safeguard the frontiers of the neighbouring nations without indulging in acts of aggression (gilbal ò). 9. What are the organs of the League of Nations? [PTA-3; June & Oct. 2012; April & June 2013; April 2015; Mar. & Sep. 2017] i) The General Assembly ii) The Council iii) The Secretariat iv) An international Court of Justice v) International Labour Organization.

27 50 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter 3 9. The main cause of the depression was the collapse of American market. a) Share b) Vegetable c) Textile d) Foreign (Ans - a) 10. The share market collapse was due to speculation on money. a) savings b) borrowed c) self earned d) bank (Ans - b) 11. Herbert Hoover became the President of America in a) 1919 b) 1929 c) 1939 d) 1909 (Ans - b) 12. The share market reached its zenith during the time of a) Woodrow Wilson b) Roosevelt c) George Washington d) Herbert Hoover (Ans - d) 13. In America, people had a craze for market. a) domestic b) industrial c) share d) textile (Ans - c) 14. People in America bought shares for a) dividend b) savings c) investment d) resale value (Ans - d) 15. The Americans wanted to become rich quickly by investing in a) banks b) gold c) land d) shares (Ans - d) 16. The Great Depression began on in a) October 24 b) November 24 c) September 24 d) December 24 (Ans - a) 17. As a result of Great Depression there was a in the prices of shares. a) rise b) fall c) cut d) change (Ans - b) 18. There was a further fall in the prices of shares because people speedily shares. a) deposited b) increased c) bought d) sold (Ans - d) 19. People faced the non-availability of credit due to the of banks. a) creator b) success c) failure d) rigidity (Ans - c) 20. Many remedial measures were taken by a) Wilson b) Hoover c) Roosevelt d) Kennedy (Ans - b) 21. In Hoover took many remedial measures. a) 1930 b) 1940 c) 1945 d) 1932 (Ans - d) 22. The President is commonly known as FDR. a) Roosevelt b) Hoover c) Lincoln d) Andrew Jackson (Ans - a) 23. New Deal was formulated by the President a) Hoover b) Wilson c) George Washington d) Roosevelt (Ans - d) 24. The Security Exchange Act was passed in the year a) 1950 b) 1932 c) 1934 d) 1936 (Ans - c)

28 Fascism in Italy (A.D A.D.1945) (ï jhèæš ghár.ã.1922-».ã.1945) Exercise I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 26) 1. The founder of the Fascist Party was [QY. 2016; PTA-3; June & QY. 2017] a) Adolf Hitler b) Benito Mussolini c) Stalin d) Lenin (Ans - b) 2. Mussolini organized the National Fascist Party in a) Nov b) Dec c) Jan d) Feb (Ans - a) 3. Mussolini provided a a) Democratic government b) Communist government c) Stable government d) Republican government (Ans - c) 4. The great relief was provided to the workers by a) ILO b) Factory Act c) Charter of Labour d) Trade Unions (Ans - c) 5. Mussolini made common cause with a) Churchill b) Hitler c) Stalin d) Lenin (Ans - b) 6. Mussolini left the League of Nations in a) 1931 b) 1932 c) 1935 d) 1937 (Ans - d) Additional Questions : History 7. The term Fascism is derived from the word Fasces. a) Greek b) Russian c) Latin d) German (Ans - c) 8. Fascism was started in a) Germany b) Britain c) France d) Italy (Ans - d) 9. Fascism was started by a) Hitler b) Mussolini c) Lenin d) Stalin (Ans - b) 10. Italy faced with a great economic crisis due to the huge expenditure incurred in the a) education b) industry c) agriculture d) war (Ans - d) 4 56

29 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter After the First World War gathered new strength in Italy. a) Democracy b) Capitalism c) Socialism d) Communism (Ans - c) 12. After the First World War, Italy needed a bold a) leader b) advisor c) educationist d) politician (Ans - a) 13. Mussolini was born on a) 29 th June b) 29 th September c) 29 th July d) 29 th August (Ans - c) 14. Mussolini graduated in a) 1900 b) 1901 c) 1902 d) 1903 (Ans - c) 15. Mussolini became of Italian socialist paper in Austria. a) an editor b) the owner c) a writer d) the publisher (Ans - a) 16. The socialist paper Avanti was the official voice of socialism. a) German b) Roman c) Italian d) Russian (Ans - c) 17. The Fascist party was organised in 1921 by a) Hitler b) Lenin c) Martov d) Mussolini (Ans - d) 18. The emperor invited Mussolini to form the government. a) Victor Emanuel II b) Napoleon II c) George II d) Augustine I (Ans - a) 19. Mussolini remained in power from a) 1922 to 1940 b) 1920 to 1945 c) 1922 to 1945 d) 1930 to 1945 (Ans - c) 20. The followers of Mussolini were called a) White Shirts b) Red Shirts c) Black Shirts d) Brown Shirts (Ans - c) 21. The Latern Treaty of 1929 was signed between Mussolini and a) Prime Minister b) President c) Pope d) Army General (Ans - c) 22. In 1936, Mussolini annexed a) Bulgaria b) Ethiopia c) Rumania d) Serbia (Ans - b) 23. Mussolini left the League of Nations in a) 1930 b) 1935 c) 1939 d) 1937 (Ans - d) 24. Mussolini captured in a) Austria b) Albania c) Bulgaria d) Hungary (Ans - b) 25. In 1941, Italy lost its territories in a) Asia b) America c) Europe d) Africa (Ans - d) 26. The Allied forces captured Sicily in a) 1940 b) 1941 c) 1943 d) 1945 (Ans - c) 27. Mussolini was shot dead by a) the British b) the Russians c) his own countrymen d) the French (Ans - c) 28. After Mussolini s death Italy became a a) monarchy b) democracy c) republic d) sovereign (Ans - c)

30 Nazism in Germany (A.D A.D. 1945) (b# kåæš ehár.ã.1933-».ã.1945) Exercise I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 30) 1. A democratic constitution with the federal structure was established by a National Assembly met at a) Berlin b) Weimar c) Frankfurt d) Finland (Ans - b) 2. The Allied armies occupied the resources rich a) Rhineland b) Sudetenland c) Greenland d) Finland (Ans - a) 3. Hitler s anti-semitism grew to the extent of killing the a) Aryans b) Mongolians c) Jews d) Australians (Ans - c) 4. For sometime Hitler was a [Sep. 2014] a) Painter b) Tailor c) Teacher d) Banker (Ans - a) 5. In 1941, Hitler invaded [PTA-1] a) Russia b) France c) Prussia d) Persia (Ans - a) 6. The Allies were strengthened by the entry of a) Austria b) America c) Finland d) Poland (Ans - b) Additional Questions : History 7. was a powerful nation in the early years of the 20 th century. a) England b) Germany c) France d) Italy (Ans - b) 8. The Central Powers were defeated in. a) October 1914 b) December 1915 c) November 1918 d) June 1918 (Ans - c) 9. Emperor abdicated the throne of Germany. a) William II b) George II c) John II d) Napoleon II (Ans - a) 10. At Weimar, a National met and established a democratic constitution. a) Council b) Body c) Assembly d) Government (Ans - c) 5 65

31 66 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter The Peace Treaty at Versailles was a humiliating one to a) Britain b) Belgium c) France d) Germany (Ans - d) 12. Germany lost its colonies after First World War. a) middle east b) far east c) overseas d) African (Ans - c) 13. The Allied powers demilitarized Germany to its power. a) strengthen b) weaken c) neutralize d) increase (Ans - b) 14. Germany was forced to pay a war compensation amounting to billion. a) 6 b) 10 c) 4 d) 8 (Ans - a) 15. Adolf Hitler was born in the year a) 1880 b) 1885 c) 1889 d) 1890 (Ans - c) 16. Adolf Hitler was born in the year a) Austria b) Albania c) Rumania d) Bulgaria (Ans - a) 17. Hitler s father was a officer. a) Military b) Navy c) Customs d) Administrative (Ans - c) 18. During the First World War joined the army. a) Lenin b) Stalin c) Hitler d) Mastov (Ans - c) 19. Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross for his a) Speech b) Paintings c) Bravery d) Writing skills (Ans - c) 20. After the First World War, Hitler became a a) painter b) writer c) soldier d) politician (Ans - d) 21. The Nazi party consisted of national a) democrats b) republicans c) socialists d) communists (Ans - c) 22. The Nazi party was organized by a) Lenin b) Mussolini c) Hitler d) Mastov (Ans - c) 23. was the party emblem of Nazis. a) Ovra b) Swastika c) Olive leaf d) None of these (Ans - b) 24. Brown Shirts were the followers of a) Mussolini b) Hitler c) Stalin d) Lenin (Ans - b) 25. The term Fuhrer means a) President b) General c) Leader d) Ruler (Ans - c) 26. Gestapo was the secret police maintained by a) Hitler b) Mussolini c) Victor Emanuel d) Lenin (Ans - a) 27. Hitler began his political career as an a) advisor b) agitator c) officer d) writer (Ans - b) 28. Beer Hall Revolution means to power. a) decline b) accept c) capture d) transfer (Ans - c)

32 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Beer Hall Revolution was the attempt of capturing power by a) Mussolini b) Hitler c) Napoleon d) Stalin (Ans - b) 30. Hitler was imprisoned for years. a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 (Ans - a) 31. Mein Kampf means a) My Struggle b) My Achievement c) My Power d) My Rule (Ans - a) 32. Mein Kampf was written by a) Hitler b) Mussolini c) Karl Marx d) Stalin (Ans - a) 33. The Bible of the Nazis was a) Live or die b) Spirit of laws c) Mein Kampf d) Social contract (Ans - c) 34. Hitler wrote the book Mein Kampf when he was a) out of job b) touring c) in prison d) relaxing (Ans - c) 35. In the election of 1932, the Nazi party was largest group. a) first b) second c) third d) fourth (Ans - b) 36. The Nazis became the largest party in a) 1930 b) 1931 c) 1933 d) 1932 (Ans - c) 37. In 1933, Hitler was the of Germany. a) President b) Prime Minister c) Chancellor d) Ruler (Ans - c) 38. Hitler became President and Chancellor of Germany in a) 1931 b) 1932 c) 1933 d) 1934 (Ans - d) 39. After abolishing the Weimar Republic, Hitler became the of Germany. a) Ruler b) Dictator c) President d) Emperor (Ans - b) 40. Reichstag means a) Lower House b) Upper House c) Senate d) House of councils (Ans - a) 41. Third Reich means a) State b) Nation c) District d) Empire (Ans - d) 42. The Nazis the German state. a) protected b) expended c) left d) glorified (Ans - d) 43. Hitler boasted about the of the Nordic race. a) quality b) nature c) superiority d) origin (Ans - c) 44. Hitler had for the Semitic Jews. a) affection b) respect c) contempt d) regards (Ans - c) 45. Hitler ordered the Jews to be a) entertained b) persecuted c) promoted d) settled (Ans - b)

33 68 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Hitler believed in a) peace b) non violence c) terrorism d) tolerance (Ans - c) 47. There was no scope for public under Hitler. a) speech b) appearance c) liberty d) meeting (Ans - c) 48. Hitler the fundamental rights. a) recognized b) denied c) increased d) liked (Ans - b) 49. In the field, Hitler s work was commendable. a) economic b) political c) educational d) cultural (Ans - a) 50. Labour Front replaced the a) markets b) trade unions c) co-operative societies d) workers forums (Ans - b) 51. General welfare of the workers was taken care of by the a) Nazi Party b) Labour Front c) Trade Union d) Welfare schemes (Ans - b) 52. Under Hitler were outlawed. a) meetings b) strikes c) workshops d) welfare schemes (Ans - b) 53. Rearmament programme of Hitler gave to many people. a) wealth b) health c) land d) employment (Ans - d) 54. The children were trained in culture. a) Western b) German c) Nazi d) Nordic (Ans - c) 55. Under Nazi rule women occupied a place. a) well recognized b) notable c) degraded d) normal (Ans - c) 56. Under Nazi rule all kinds of social organizations were a) formed b) dissolved c) praised d) upgraded (Ans - b) 57. Hitler followed a foreign policy. a) tolerable b) friendly c) non interfering d) forward (Ans - d) 58. Hitler s aggressive imperialist policy brought to the country. a) fame b) name c) wealth d) destruction (Ans - d) 59. Germany left the League of Nations in a) 1930 b) 1931 c) 1933 d) 1932 (Ans - c) 60. In 1936, again reoccupied Rhine Land. a) France b) Britain c) Russia d) Germany (Ans - d) 61. In 1937, Hitler joined with Italy and. a) Britain b) France c) Spain d) Japan (Ans - d) 62. Hitler annexed Austria in. a) 1935 b) 1938 c) 1928 d) 1940 (Ans - b)

34 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter agreement was signed between Germany and Great Britain in a) Paris b) Moscow c) Versailles d) Munich (Ans - d) 64. In 1939, Hitler violated. a) Treaty of Versailles b) Nazi subs c) Latern Treaty d) Munich Agreement (Ans - d) 65. was the Prime Minister of Great Britain. a) Neville Chamberlain b) Ferdinand c) Stalin d) Lenin (Ans - a) 66. Hitler demanded the right to construct a military road between East Prussia and Germany through. a) Yugoslavia b) Poland c) Albania d) Austria (Ans - b) 67. Hitler demanded the right to construct a road. a) grand trunk b) broad c) military d) concrete (Ans - c) 68. Hitler demanded the right to construct a military road connecting Germany with a) Holland b) Sweden c) East Prussia d) Switzerland (Ans - c) 69. Hitler demanded the surrender of. a) Danzig b) Moscow c) Paris d) Oslo (Ans - a) 70. Hitler declared war on Poland on September a) 1 st b) 2 nd c) 3 rd d) 4 th (Ans - a) 71. In 1941, Hitler invaded. a) England b) France c) Russia d) Belgium (Ans - c) 72. In 1945, Allied forces entered. a) Moscow b) Danzig c) Paris d) Berlin (Ans - d) 73. By invading Russia in 1941, Hitler broke the Non-aggression Pact with. a) Churchill b) Stalin c) Lenin d) Roosevelt (Ans - b) 74. The Second World War came to an end after the death of. a) Stalin b) Lenin c) Hitler d) Nicholas II (Ans - c) II. Match the following : (Text Book Pg. No. 31) A. 1. Brown shirts a. Nazi Emblem 2. Fuhrer [PTA-4; QY 2017] b. My struggle 3. Swastika [QY. 2016; April 2014; Sep. 2017] c. Leader 4. Gestapo d. Chancellor 5. Mein Kampf [Oct. 2016] e. Followers of Hitler f. Governor g. Hitler s Secret Police Answers : (1 - e; 2 - c; 3 - a; 4 - g; 5 - b)

35 Second World War (A.D A.D.1945) (ïu lhtj cyf ngh».ã.1939-».ã.1945) Exercise History I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 36 & 37) 1. This treaty contained the seeds of the Second World War. [June 2014] a) Treaty of Versailles b) Treaty of Rome c) Treaty of London d) Treaty of Aix - la - chappale (Ans - a) 2. The coal mines given to France were a) Jharia b) Saar c) Bokaro d) Raniganj (Ans - b) 3. The country emerged as a World Power after the First World War was [April 2012] a) China b) Japan c) India d) Korea (Ans - b) 4. The principles of war and conquests was glorified by a) Moderates b) Extremists c) Dictators d) Revolutioners (Ans - c) 5. In September 1938, Hitler threatened a war on a) Yugoslavia b) Poland c) Finland d) Czechoslovakia (Ans - d) 6. Hitler demanded the surrender of a) Tannenburg b) Danzig c) Jutland d) Estonia (Ans - b) 7. Blitzkrieg means a [QY. 2017; April 2013; July 2016] a) Lightning war b) Trench warfare c) Submarine warfare d) Guerilla warfare (Ans - a) 8. The British Prime Minister during the Second World War was [June 2017] a) Sir Winston Churchill b) Clement Atlee c) Margaret Thatcher d) Lloyd George (Ans - a) 9. Hitler signed the Non-Aggression Pact with a) Gorbachev b) Boris Yeltsin c) Stalin d) Lenin (Ans - c) 6 Additional Questions : 10. The Second World War took place from 1939 to. a) 1940 b) 1944 c) 1943 d) 1945 (Ans - d) 79

36 80 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Second World War was a military conflict. a) natural b) global c) local d) mutual (Ans - b) 12. The great powers of the world split up into opposing military alliances. a) three b) two c) four d) multiple (Ans - b) 13. Many countries were with the Treaty of Versailles. a) happy b) contented c) dissatisfied d) ignorant (Ans - c) 14. Adverse conditions like repartitions and unemployment led to new ideas resulting in Second World War. a) traditional b) radical c) scientific d) challenging (Ans - b) 15. The Treaty of Versailles was in nature. a) kind b) good c) vindictive d) challenging (Ans - c) 16. The Treaty of Versailles stamped as an aggressor. a) France b) Britain c) Germany d) Belgium (Ans - c) 17. A huge war indemnity was levied on. a) America b) Austria c) Italy d) Germany (Ans - d) 18. Germany gave the Saar coal mines to. a) France b) Belgium c) Britain d) Russia (Ans - a) 19. Germany gave to France. a) Saar Coal Mines b) Kimberly Mines c) Gold Mines d) None of these (Ans - a) 20. After the First World War, Germany s army was. a) reduced b) increased c) strengthened d) removed (Ans - a) 21. When the feeling of nationalism crosses all its limits it is. a) interesting b) entertaining c) alarming d) appealing (Ans - c) 22. League of Nations was formed to war. a) encourage b) create c) prevent d) appreciate (Ans - c) 23. League of Nations was formed to maintain peace and security. a) local b) national c) international d) mental (Ans - c) 24. The big powers did not the terms and conditions of the League. a) like b) accept c) obey d) contradict (Ans - c) 25. The League in its prime duty of preserving peace. a) succeeded b) completed c) failed d) gave up (Ans - c) 26. After the First World War followed the policy of imperialism. a) China b) Japan c) Korea d) Mongolia (Ans - b) 27. Japan joined with and Germany to form Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. a) Italy b) Spain c) Portugal d) Belgium (Ans - a) 28. Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis sowed the seeds of the. a) Anglo Japanese war b) Vietnam War c) Burmese War d) Second World War (Ans - d) 29. After the First World War, there was the rise of new political. a) policies b) rules c) ideologies d) philosophies (Ans - c)

37 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter The glorified the principles of war. a) republicans b) democrats c) socialist d) dictators (Ans - d) 31. Poland, Austria and Czechoslovakia were formed by the interests of minority groups. a) accepting b) appreciating c) neglecting d) understanding (Ans - c) 32. By the Policy of Appeasement the major world powers their responsibilities. a) understood b) performed c) ignored d) realized (Ans - c) 33. A new air force was created by. a) Hitler b) Mussolini c) Churchill d) Roosevelt (Ans - a) 34. Conscription was introduced by. a) Mussolini b) Lenin c) Martov d) Hitler (Ans - d) 35. Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister. a) French b) British c) Indian d) Russian (Ans - b) 36. Hitler entered into Munich Agreement with. a) Britain b) France c) Italy d) Greece (Ans - a) 37. Peace for our Time was felt by. a) Churchill b) Neville Chamberlain d) Bismarck e) Lenin (Ans - b) 38. Hitler planned for a military road through Corridor. a) Russian b) French c) Polish d) Britain (Ans - c) 39. Hitler planned to connect East Prussia with through Polish Corridor. a) France b) Turkey c) Germany d) Belgium (Ans - c) 40. Hitler made a lightning attack on Poland on. a) 1 st September 1939 b) 3 rd September 1939 c) 8 th September 1939 d) 5 th September 1939 (Ans - a) 41. Britain and France declared war on Germany on. a) 8 th September 1939 b) 5 th September 1938 c) 3 rd September 1939 d) 4 th September 1939 (Ans - c) 42. USSR and entered into a Non-Aggression Pact. a) France b) Germany c) Italy d) Britain (Ans - b) 43. Hitler sent his Luftwaffe to drop bombs on. a) France b) Italy c) Britain d) America (Ans - c) 44. U Boats were. a) Tankers b) Submarines c) Trenches d) Lightning War (Ans - b) 45. The Battle of Britain was fought in the year. a) 1938 b) 1939 c) 1940 d) 1941 (Ans - c) 46. In the Battle of Britain, heavy losses were suffered by. a) Britain b) France c) Italy d) Japan (Ans - a) 47. The British Prime Minister turned the air strike against Germany. a) Winston Churchill b) Neville Chamberlain c) Lloyd George d) Bismarck (Ans - a)

38 The United Nations Organization (I»a ehlfÿ rig-1945) Exercise I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 42) 1. The UNO was established in a) 1955 b) 1945 c) 1965 d) 1975 (Ans - b) 2. The UN Charter was signed at a) New York b) Geneva c) San Francisco d) California (Ans - c) 3. UNO s main deliberative body is a) The General Assembly b) The Secretariat c) The Security Council d) The Trusteeship Council (Ans - a) 4. The Seat of International Court of Justice is at [PTA-4] a) The Hague b) Berlin c) Rome d) Tokyo (Ans - a) 5. The United Nations celebrated its 50th Anniversary in the year a) 1985 b) 2005 c) 1995 d) 1975 (Ans - c) Additional Questions : History 6. The United Nations Organisation was organisation. a) local b) national c) trade d) an international (Ans - d) 7. The Atlantic Charter was signed by Winston Chruchill and a) F.D. Roosevelt b) Herbert Hoover c) George Washington d) J.F. Kennedy (Ans - a) 8. Final decision of forming an international organisation was taken in conference. a) New York b) San Francisco c) Washington d) Philadelphia (Ans - b) 9. The San Francisco conference took place in a) 1940 b) 1942 c) 1945 d) 1941 (Ans - c) 10. The UN charter was signed on a) 26 th June b) 26 th July c) 26 th May d) 2 6t h August (Ans - a) 11. UNO came into existence on 24 th a) August b) September c) October d) November (Ans - c) 7 97

39 98 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter At present there are members in the UNO. a) 190 b) 189 c) 194 d) 193 (Ans - d) 13. UNO has its headquarters in a) Pennsylvania b) New York c) California d) Georgia (Ans - b) 14. The UNO has major organs. a) six b) three c) two d) four (Ans - a) 15. Each member country can send members to the General Assembly. a) three b) four c) five d) two (Ans - c) 16. Each member can exercise vote in the General Assembly. a) two b) three c) two d) one (Ans - d) 17. General Assembly meets once in year. a) a b) two c) three d) four (Ans - a) 18. In 1953, the President of the General Assembly was a) Queen Elizabeth b) Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit c) Margaret Thatcher d) Mrs. Indira Gandhi (Ans - b) 19. The Security Council has permanent members. a) 3 b) 5 c) 10 d) 9 (Ans - b) 20. There are non permanent members in the Security Council. a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 (Ans - b) 21. The non-permanent members in the Security Council are elected by the a) Secretariat b) Trusteeship c) The Economic and Social Council d) The General Assembly (Ans - d) 22. The right to veto is enjoyed by the a) permanent members b) non-permanent members c) all nations d) all member countries (Ans - a) 23. The non permanent members are elected for a years term. a) two b) four c) five d) eight (Ans - a) 24. The Economic and Social council consists of members. a) 62 b) 48 c) 54 d) 18 (Ans - c) 25. The members of the Economic and Social Council sit for a term of years. a) 5 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9 (Ans - d) 26. In Economic and Social Council of members retire after every three years. a) one third b) two thirds c) half d) one fourth (Ans - a) 27. The economic and social work of the United Nations is co-ordinated by the a) Economic and Social Council b) General Assembly c) Trusteeship d) Secretariat (Ans - a)

40 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Every member nation can send representative to the Trusteeship Council. a) one b) two c) three d) four (Ans - a) 29. The Principal body of the UNO is the International Court of Justice. a) administrative b) Financial c) Industrial d) Judicial (Ans - d) 30. The Hague is in a) Belgium b) Netherlands c) France d) Switzerland (Ans - b) 31. The International Court of Justice consists of judges. a) 5 b) 10 c) 15 d) 20 (Ans - c) 32. The judges of the International Court of Justice are elected by the General Assembly and the a) Security Council b) Secretariat c) Trusteeship d) Economic and Social Council. (Ans - a) 33. The International Court of Justice is the body of the other organs of the UNO. a) advisory b) educative c) administrative d) financial (Ans - a) 34. The administrative functions of the UNO are carried on by the a) General Assembly b) Security Council c) Secretariat d) Trusteeship Council (Ans - c) 35. The Secretary General is the Chief Officer of the UNO. a) Educative b) Executive c) Administrative d) Health (Ans - c) 36. The Secretary General is appointed by on the advice of the Security Council. a) Trusteeship Council b) General Assembly c) Economic and Social Council d) Secretariat (Ans - b) 37. The Secretary General is appointed for a term of years. a) 5 b) 4 c) 6 d) 3 (Ans - a) 38. The present Secretary General Mr. Antonio Guterres is from a) Portugal b) North Korea c) China d) Vietnam (Ans - a) 39. The working languages of the UNO are English and the a) Arabic b) Chinese c) German d) French (Ans - d) 40. We see map on the UN Flag. a) river b) sea c) world d) weather (Ans - c) 41. UNO gets its financial aid mainly from a) UK b) USA c) Russia d) Japan (Ans - b) 42. UNO played a major role in withdrawing the Soviet troops from a) Argentina b) Afghanistan c) Baluchistan d) Bhutan (Ans - b) 43. The UN Conference on Environment and Development was held at a) Rio de Janeiro b) Oslo c) Frankfurt d) Paris (Ans - a) 44. The UN conference on Environment and Development was held in a) 1990 b) 1991 c) 1992 d) 1993 (Ans - c)

41 100 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter At Rio de Janeiro all countries adopted a) Agenda 15 b) Agenda 21 c) Agenda 12 d) Agenda 20 (Ans - b) 46. The UNO played a vital role in the crisis of 1956 a) Suez Canal b) Buckingham Canal c) Panama Canal d) Ganga Canal (Ans - a) 47. The Suez Canal crisis took place in a) 1950 b) 1952 c) 1954 d) 1956 (Ans - d) 48. In November the UN flag was carried into outer space by the Astronauts. a) 1990 b) 1992 c) 1995 d) 1993 (Ans - c) II. Match the following : (Textbook Pg. No. 43) A. 1. New York [Sep. 14; July 16; Mar. 17] a. Negative vote 2. Veto [QY. 16 & 17; PTA-1; April & HY. 16] b Present Secretary General of UNO [June 12 & 15; Oct. 16] c NTBT d. Headquarters of the UNO 5. CTBT e. Mr. Kofi Annan f g. Mr. Antonio Guterres Answers : (1 - d; 2 - a; 3 - g; 4 - b; 5 - f) Additional Match the following : B. 1. UN Charter a. New York 2. UNO b. Permanent member 3. President of the General Assembly c. Germany 4. France d. Netherlands 5. International Court of Justice e. Rome f. San Francisco g. Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit Answers : (1 - f; 2 - a; 3 - g; 4 - b; 5 - d) C. 1. Agenda 21 a. Egypt 2. INSTRAW b. UN Flag carried into outer space 3. Suez Canal c. Rio de Janeiro 4. Space Shuttle Atlantis d. USA 5. The Secretary General e. Quality of life for women f. Arabic g. Chief Administrative Officer Answers : (1 - c; 2 - e; 3 - a; 4 - b; 5 - g)

42 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter III. Answer the following in brief : (Textbook Pg. No. 43) 1. What are the main objectives of the UNO? [Deptl. Paper; June 2012 & 2015; Sep. 2013; Oct. 2016; QY. 2017] i) To maintain international (cyf) peace (mikâ) and security (ghjfh ò). ii) To develop friendly relations among nations. iii) To settle international disputes (r ruîfÿ) by peaceful means. iv) To be a centre for helping nations to achieve these goals. 2. Write a brief note on Security Council. (i) The Security Council has five permanent members (Ãuªju cw ãd fÿ). (ii) They are the USA, UK, France the Russian Federation and China. (iii) There are ten non-permanent members, and they are elected by the General Assembly for two years term. (iv) The permanent members have the right to veto (negative vote). Its main responsibility is to maintain international peace and security. 3. Mention any two major achievements of the UNO. [PTA-2; Sep. 2017] (i) UNO has rendered (më JŸsJ) a great service in establishing peace and security by solving various problems. (ii) Generally the political disputes are solved by Security Council, legal disputes by the International Court of Justice (r tnjr Úâk w«). (iii) The UNO has solved many international disputes and preserved peace through peaceful negotiations (rkur ng R th ijfÿ). 4. Describe the 50 th Anniversary celebration of the UNO. (i) In 1995 the UNO celebrated its 50 th Anniversary and the overall theme of the celebration was We the People of the United Nations United for a Better World (ii) It was endorsed (x òjš) by the General Assembly in Oct (iii) In Nov the UN Flag was carried into the outer space by the space shuttle Atlantis. (iv) It is to salute United Nations work for the world peace. 5. Mention some of the specialized agencies of the UNO. [QY. 2016; April 2015 & 2016] WHO - The World Health Organisation UNESCO - The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNICEF - The United Nations International Children s Emergency Fund (Now, it is shortened as The United Nations Children s Fund ) ILO - The International Labour Organisation FAO - Food and Agricultural Organisation IMF - International Monetary Fund IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Additional Questions : 6. Explain the term Atlantic Charter. (i) During the Second World war in 1941 the American President F.D. Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met on the battleship Augusta and concluded the Atlantic Charter. (ii) They agreed to fight out the common enemy Germany.

43 102 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter 7 7. What was UN Charter? (i) Discussions took place in various conferences held after the Second World War. (ii) It was finally discussed in San Francisco Conference of (iii) The UN Charter was signed at San Francisco on 26 th June When did UNO come into existence? (i) UNO came into existence on 24 th October (ii) It has its headquarters at New York. (iii) At present there are 193 member countries in the UNO. 9. Name the Six organs of the UNO. (i) The General Assembly (ii) The Security Council. (iii) The Economic and Social Council (iv) The Trusteeship Council. (v) The International Court of Justice. (vi) The Secretariat. 10. Why is the General Assembly considered as UNO s main organ? General Assembly is the deliberative body of the UNO because it has the right to discuss and make recommendations on all matters within the scope of UN charters. 11. What was the role played by India in 1953 in the UNO? Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit was elected as the President of the General Assembly in Write about the Economic and Social Council of the UNO. (i) The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 members for a period of 9 years. (ii) One third of its members retire after every three years. (iii) It co-ordinates (ïiz J brašgljš) the economic and social work of the UNO and the specialized agencies. 13. Who are the permanent members of the UNO? The USA, the UK, France, The Russian Federation and China are the permanent members. 14. What is meant by the right to veto? The permanent members have the right to Veto (jilbrœí«mâfhu«) (negative vote) for any decision of the council. 15. Write about the Trusteeship Council. (i) The Trusteeship Council looked after certain territories placed under the trusteeship of the UNO. (ii) Most of these territories were taken from nations defeated at the end of the World War II. (iii) The Trusteeship Council suspended its operations on 1 st Nov, 1994 as all these trust territories have attained independence or self government. 16. What is the role played by the International Court of Justice? (i) The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial (Úâk w«) body. (ii) It is the advisory body to the other organs of the UNO and there are 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. (iii) It is situated at the Hague in Netherlands. (iv) It tries the cases of the member countries which are brought before the Court. 17. What is the main function of the Secretariat? (i) The administrative functions of the UNO are performed by the Secretariat. (ii) The UN Secretariat carries out the day-to-day works of the organization and implements the programmes and policies laid down by the organs of the UNO.

44 History European Union (Inuh ãa x a«) 8 Exercise I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 47) 1. European Union traces its origin from the a) ECSC b) EEC c) EURATOM d) ETC (Ans - a) 2. EURATOM was established by the a) Treaty of Nanking b) Treaty of London c) Treaty of Rome d) Treaty of Versailles (Ans - c) 3. The Council of the European Union is sometimes referred to as the a) Council of traders b) Council of farmers c) Council of consumers d) Council of Ministers (Ans - d) 4. The first permanent President of the European Council is a) Ramsay Mac Donald b) Herman Van Rampay c) Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit d) Bismark (Ans - b) 5. Euro zone s monetary policy is governed by a) European Central Bank b) Reserve Bank c) State Bank d) Swiz Bank (Ans - a) 6. The name of the single European currency [QY. 2016; April 2015] a) Dollar b) Yen c) Euro d) Pounds (Ans - c) 7. The EU has established a strong relationship with the a) USA b) USSR c) UNO d) UAE (Ans - c) Additional Questions : 8. At the end of the Second World War European and political unity became an important element. a) Cultural b) Religion c) Economic d) Moral (Ans - c) 9. Jean Monnet was a politician. a) French b) British c) Japanese d) Russian (Ans - a) 109

45 110 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg the three states joined the negotiations in Europe. a) Bathe b) Benelux c) Balkan d) West Indies (Ans - b) 11. ECSC was formed among European countries. a) 5 b) 4 c) 6 d) 7 (Ans - c) 12. ECSC was formed in a) 1960 b) 1951 c) 1962 d) 1959 (Ans - b) 13. Robert Schuman was the French a) Education minister b) Agricultural Minister c) Foreign Minister d) Home Minister (Ans - c) 14. The formation of ECSC was proposed by a) Jean Monnet b) Robert Schuman c) Herman Van d) Stalin (Ans - b) 15. The French foreign minister proposed to form ECSC on 1950 a) June 9 th b) April 9 th c) May 9 th d) July 9 th (Ans - c) 16. EEC and EURATOM were formed by the a) Treaty of London b) Treaty of Purandhar c) Treaty of Rome d) Treaty of Paris (Ans - c) 17. The European Union (EU) was formed by the Merger Treaty in a) 1960 b) 1967 c) 1965 d) 1963 (Ans - b) 18. There are European Institutions. a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 (Ans - c) 19. The members of the European Parliament are elected directly by the of the member countries. a) citizens b) people c) dignitaries d) ministers (Ans - a) 20. The first election to the European Parliament was held in a) 1970 b) 1979 c) 1972 d) 1978 (Ans - b) 21. The European Parliament meets at in France. a) Paris b) Versailles c) Strasbourg d) Warrence (Ans - c) 22. Currently there are members in the European Parliament. a) 1000 b) 750 c) 736 d) 840 (Ans - c) 23. The members of the European Parliament are elected for a term of years. a) five b) six c) three d) four (Ans - a) 24. The European Parliament forms of the EU s legislature. a) one third b) one half c) one fourth d) three fourths (Ans - b) 25. The Council of Ministers forms the other half of EU s a) Legislature b) Court of Auditors c) Central Bank d) Commission (Ans - a) 26. The Council of European Union comprises representative per member state. a) five b) three c) one d) four (Ans - c)

46 The Great Revolt of 1857 (1857-M«M o khbgus á mšyj Kjš ïªâa Rjªâu ngh ) Exercise History I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 55 & 56) 1. The British historians call the revolt of 1857 as [June 2013] a) Military revolt b) The great revolt c) War of Independence d) Freedom struggle (Ans - a) 2. Indian historians describe the Revolt of 1857 as [HY. 2016; PTA-1; April 2014; July 2016] a) Sepoy Mutiny b) The great revolt c) First war of Indian independence d) Military revolt (Ans - c) 3. During the Great Revolt of 1857, the Governor General of India was [June 2012 & 2014] a) Lord Lytton b) Lord Ripon c) Lord Canning d) Lord Wellesley (Ans - c) 4. The peasants had to pay heavy a) land taxes b) tariffs c) revenue taxes d) service taxes (Ans - a) 5. Resumption of rent free system was introduced by a) Lord Linlithgow b) Lord Dalhousie c) Lord Bentinck d) Lord Mount Batten. (Ans - c) 6. General Services Enlistment Act was passed in [Dept. Paper; PTA-2; Sep. 2014; Mar. 2017] a) 1856 b) 1865 c) 1586 d) 1685 (Ans - a) 7. The first sign of unrest appeared at [April 2012; June 2015] a) Meerut b) Barailley c) Barrackpore d) Lucknow (Ans - c) 8. The Sepoys broke out into open revolt at a) Meerut b) Barrackpore c) Barailley d) Kanpur (Ans - a) 9. The wife of Nawab of Oudh was a) Mumtaj Mahal b) Fathima Begum c) Begum Hazarat Mahal d) Sultana Razia (Ans - c) 10. After 1857 revolt the Governor General of India was designated as a) Viceroy of India b) Ruler of India c) Governor of India d) Minister of India. (Ans - a) 120 9

47 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Additional Questions : 11. The great revolt shook the very foundation of the rule in India. a) Mughal b) Hindu c) Company s d) Foreign (Ans - c) 12. The British rule caused to people. a) Welfare Schemes b) Sufferings c) Satisfaction d) Peace (Ans - b) 13. The policy of British was one of the major causes for the revolt a) educational b) trade c) annexation d) relief (Ans - c) 14. The Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by a) Wellesley b) Canny c) Clive d) Cornwallis (Ans - a) 15. Lord Dalhousie s created fear and uneasiness in India. a) Doctrine of Lapse b) Dual system c) Permanent revenue system d) Mansabdari System (Ans - a) 16. Satara, Nagpur and Jhansi were the states. a) Hindu b) Muslim c) Sikh d) Christian (Ans - a) 17. The ruler of Oudh was an of the British. a) enemy b) escort c) ally d) envoy (Ans - c) 18. The Mughal Emperor was during the great revolt. a) Akbar II b) Shah Alam II c) Bahadur Shah II d) Aurangzeb II (Ans - c) 19. Nana Saheb was the adopted son of a) Baji Rao II b) Baja Rao I c) Madhav Rao d) Balaji Vishwanath (Ans - a) 20. Muslims felt that they their political power due to the British. a) gained b) increased c) lost d) stabilized (Ans - c) 21. The Persian language was replaced by language in the courts. a) Tamil b) French c) English d) Vernacular (Ans - c) 22. The most affected part of the British administration was the system. a) military b) public service c) revenue d) educational (Ans - c) 23. Under the British Indians got disappointed. a) North b) South c) iliterate d) educated (Ans - d) 24. Disappearance of the native industries dislocated the life of the Indians a) moral b) political c) cultural d) economic (Ans - d) 25. British attitude affected the industry in India. a) iron b) agricultural c) cotton Textile d) sugar (Ans - c) 26. The largest and the most beneficial industry in India was a) manufacturing industries b) agricultural industries c) cotton textile industries d) small scale industries (Ans - c) 27. The spread of western culture alarmed the section of Indian population. a) educated b) uneducated c) conservative d) unemployed (Ans - c)

48 122 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter The proportion of the Indian troops to the British troops was a) low b) high c) very high d) very low (Ans - c) 29. Delhi and Allahabad were of important places. a) educational b) cultural c) strategic d) economic (Ans - c) 30. The became the immediate cause of the mutiny. a) revenue system b) resumption of rent free land c) greased cartridges d) spread of western culture (Ans - c) 31. Mangal Pandey was from regiment. a) Bengal b) Meerut b) Delhi d) Bombay (Ans - a) 32. Mangal Pandey refused to use the greased cartridges on a) 28 th March b) 29 th March c) 27 th March d) 26 th March (Ans - b) 33. Mangal Pandey was by the British. a) pardoned b) executed c)transferred d) sent out (Ans - b) 34. The Barrackpore Infantry was transferred to a) Delhi b) Bombay c) Madras d) Meerut (Ans - d) 35. The sepoys at Meerut broke into open revolt in a) March b) April c) May d) June (Ans - c) 36. Tantia Tope was the able of Nana Sahib a) Leader b) Friend c) Commander d) Ruler (Ans - c) 37. Nana Sahib was defeated by a) Sir Colin Campbell b) John Lawrence c) Nicholson d) Col. Neil (Ans - a) 38. Nana sahib fled to a) Bhutan b) Burma c) Nepal d) China (Ans - c) 39. Kanpur was brought under the control of the British in 1857 a) September b) October c) November d) December (Ans -c) 40. Bahadur Shah II was exiled to a) Andaman b) Lakshdweep c) Rangoon d) Malaya (Ans - c) 41. Bahadur shah II died at the age of a) 87 b) 80 c) 85 d) 89 (Ans - a) 42. Lucknow was recaptured by in March 1858 a) Sir Colin Campbell b) Sir Lawrence c) Col. Neil d) Nicholson (Ans - a) 43. In Lucknow joined the rebels. a) Lakshmi Bai b) Begum Harzarat Mahal c) Tantia Tope d) Bahadur Shah II (Ans - b) 44. Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt in a) Central India b) Bihar c) Lucknow d) Kanpur (Ans - a)

49 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter VI. Activity (Textbook Pg. No. 57) Mark the following in the given outline map of India. Delhi [PTA-3; HY. 16; Apr. 13 & 16; Jhansi [HY. 16; Apr. 12, 13 & 16; June & Sep. 14; Oct. 15; Sep. 17] June 13; Sep. 14; Oct. 15] Barailley [PTA-3; Apr. 14 & 16] Gwalior [HY. 16; Sep. 13 & 17; Apr. 14 & 16] Meerut [PTA-3; Apr. & June 12, 13 & 15; Mar. & June 17] Lucknow [PTA-3 & 4; HY. 16; April & June 13; Sep. 14; June 15; Mar. & June 17] Kanpur [Apr. 12, 14 & 15; Sep. 13; Mar. & June 17] Barrackpore [PTA-3; Apr. 12, 13 & 15; June 12, 14 & 15; Sep. 14; Oct. 15; Mar. 17] Allahabad [Sep. 13, Apr. 14 & 16] Arrah Í Î

50 Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19 th Century (19-M«ü wh oš r_f k W«rka Ó âu j ïa f fÿ) Exercise History 10 I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 64 & 65) 1. The pioneer of the reform movements was [Oct & 2015; April 2013; June 17] a) Raja Rammohan Roy b) Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi c) Keshab Chandra Sen d) Devendranath Tagore (Ans - a) 2. Lord William Bentinck passed an Act in 1829 to abolish Sati due to the efforts of. a) Mrs. Annie Besant b) Swami Vivekananda c) Raja Rammohan Roy d) Lala Hansraj (Ans - c) 3. Swami Dayanandha Saraswathi started the a) Brahma Samaj b) Arya Samaj c) Prarthana Samaj d) Aligarh movement (Ans - b) 4. The headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission is at [April 2015] a) Kanchipuram b) Belur c) Melur d) Hampi (Ans - b) 5. Vallalar s devotional songs are compiled in a volume called [April 2016] a) Devaram b) Thiruvasagam c) Ettuthogai d) Thiru Arutpa (Ans - d) 6. Sir Syed Ahamed Khan started the a) Aligarh movement b) Theosophical Society c) Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Sangam d) Muslim League (Ans - a) 7. Sir Syed Ahamed Khan started a school at a) Alipore b) Allepey c) Ghazipur d) Kanpur (Ans - c) 8. A great socialist reformer from Kerala is a) Sree Narayana Guru b) Guru Prasad c) Guru Nanak d) Guru Sai (Ans - a) Additional Questions : 9. The socio-religious reform movements were called the Indian movement. a) cultural b) economic c) political d) renaissance (Ans - d) 140

51 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Raja Rammohan Roy was born in a) Kerala b) Odisha c) Bihar d) Bengal (Ans - d) 11. Precepts of Jesus Christ was written by a) Dayananda Saraswathi b) Virjanand c) Raja Rammohan Roy d) Swami Vivekananda (Ans - c) 12. The Guide to Peace and Happiness was written by a) Mahadeva Govinda Ranade b) Balagangadhar Tilak c) Raja Rammohan Ray d) Dr. Ambedkar (Ans - c) 13. Raja Rammohan Roy joined the East India Company in a) 1800 b) 1802 c) 1805 d) 1810 (Ans - c) 14. Raja Rammohan Roy served the East India Company till a) 1812 b) 1815 c) 1810 d) 1814 (Ans - d) 15. Raja Rammohan Roy went to England to the cause of the Mughal Emperor a) Shah Alam II b) Bahadur Shah II c) Akbar II d) Aurangzeb II (Ans - c) 16. Raja Rammohan Roy died in at Bristol. a) 1835 b) 1834 c) 1833 d) 1836 (Ans - c) 17. Raja Rammohan Roy died in 1833 at a) London b) Lexington c) Bristol d) Manchester (Ans - c) 18. Raja Rammohan Roy was given the title Raja by a) East India Company b) British Government c) Mughal Emperor d) The British Crown (Ans - c) 19. Raja Rammohan Roy formed Atmiya Sabha in a) 1812 b) 1813 c) 1815 d) 1816 (Ans - c) 20. Brahmo Samaj believed in a religion. a) Muslim b) Hindu c) Christian d) Universal (Ans - d) 21. The Sati Prohibition Act was passed in the year a) 1825 b) 1826 c) 1829 d) 1828 (Ans - c) 22. Because of Raja Rammohan Roy s hard work passed Sati Prohibition Act (1829). a) Lord Dalhousie b) Lord Canning c) Lord William Bentinck d) Lord Wellesley (Ans - c) 23. Raja Rammohan Roy encouraged the study of Language. a) English b) Vernacular c) Tamil d) Sanskrit (Ans - a) 24. By the Act of Keshab Chandra Sen abolished polygamy and child marriage. a) 1870 b) 1872 c) 1782 d) 1890 (Ans - b) 25. Prarthana Samaj was formed in in a) Madras b) Calcutta c) Bombay d) Bengal (Ans - c)

52 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Time Line Chart 1860 Scale : (1 unit = 10 years) 1867 Prarthana Samaj Established Polygamy and Child Marriage Abolished, Sathya Gnana Sabai Established 1873 Satya Shodhak Samaj Established 1875 Arya Samaj Established, The Theosophical Society Established Ramakrishna Paramahamsa died World Religious Conference at Chicago 1897 Ramakrishna Mission Established 1900

53 Freedom Movement in India Phase - I Pre-Gandhian Era (A.D.1885 A.D.1919) (ïªâa ÉLjiy ïa f«- Kjš Ãiy fhªâ F Kªija rfh j.ã.1885-».ã.1919) Exercise History 11 I. Choose the correct answer : (Textbook Pg. No. 73) 1. The Unification of the country was brought by the British [PTA-3] a) Imperialism b) Politics c) Conquests d) Negotiations (Ans - a) 2. The language of the educated Indians was a) French b) English c) Hindi d) Bengali (Ans - b) 3. The religious and social reformers prepared the ground for the rise of [PTA-4] a) Nationalism b) Revolution c) Mutiny d) Rebellion (Ans - a) 4. The policies of the moderates were described by the Extremists as a) Political mendicancy b) Subsidiaries c) Mandatories d) Open door policy (Ans - a) 5. Open split in the Congress occurred in the sessions held at a) Surat b) Lahore c) Tripura d) Madras (Ans - a) 6. The Minto-Morley Reforms Act introduced separate electorate for the [PTA-2] a) Hindus b) Muslims c) Sikhs d) Christians (Ans - b) 7. Home Rule League in Bombay was formed by [June 2012;June 2013] a) Nehru b) Mrs.Annie Besant c) Tilak d) Bharathiar (Ans - c) Additional Questions : 8. Before the advent of the British there was no among the Indians. a) understanding b) scope c) unity d) disunity (Ans - c) 9. The British Imperialism made the people of the whole of India think as a) superior nation b) supreme nation c) spiritual nation d) one nation (Ans - d) 164

54 Sura s X Std. Social Science v History Chapter Under British supremacy, India came into close contact with a) Middle East countries b) Far East countries c) European countries d) African countries (Ans - c) 11. English language made the Indians come into contact with countries. a) Western b) Eastern c) Northern d) Southern (Ans - a) 12. The frequent of the leaders became possible due to the development of Transport. a) attacks b) meeting c) discussion d) trips (Ans - b) 13. The ideas of self-respect and self-confidence were imbibed among the Indians by the a) artists b) economist c) great leaders d) dignataries (Ans - c) 14. Newspapers developed a national outlook among the a) women b) man c) industrialist d) masses (Ans - d) 15. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in the year a) 1870 b) 1872 c) 1878 d) 1875 (Ans - c) 16. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 curbed the freedom of a) press b) culture c) job d) education (Ans - a) 17. The Indians were considered as by the British. a) uneducable b) illiterates c) uncivilized d) ignorant (Ans - c) 18. The passing of the made the Indians understand that they could not expect justice from the British. a) Finance Bill b) Water Bill c) Ilbert Bill d) Treasury Bill (Ans - c) 19. The Arms Act was passed in the year a) 1870 b) 1878 c) 1875 d) 1872 (Ans - b) 20. The Indian National Congress was formed in the year a) 1880 b) 1882 c) 1885 d) 1884 (Ans - c) 21. The Indian National Congress was formed on the advise of a) Irwin b) Allan Octavian Hume c) Dufferin d) Curzon (Ans - b) 22. The first session of the Congress was held at a) Bombay b) Madras c) Calcutta d) Delhi (Ans - a) 23. The first session of the Congress was chaired by a) Dadabai Naoroji b) W.C. Bannerji c) Gandhiji d) Gopala Krishna Gokhale (Ans - b) 24. The first session of the Congress was attended by delegates. a) 72 b) 70 c) 75 d) 73 (Ans - a) 25. One of the aims of the Congress was the abolition of Indian council at (a) Paris b) Manchester c) Liverpool d) London (Ans - d)

55 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter Crops grown in areas of low rainfall are called a) cash crops b) dry crops c) wet crops d) hill crops (Ans - b) 13. agriculture is practiced in the forest areas where rainfall is heavy. a) Primitive b) Plantation c) Subsistence d) Commercial (Ans - a) 14. Subsistence agriculture is also known as agriculture. a) plantation b) primitive c) commercial d) intensive (Ans - d) 15. Which one of this is a plantation crop? a) Rice b) Tea c) Pulses d) Cotton (Ans - b) 16. is a hybrid variety of rice. a) Sugandh 5 b) Samba c) Ponni d) Kuruvai (Ans - a) 17. The rice bowl of Tamil Nadu is district. [June 2012] a) Thanjavur b) Madurai c) Karur d) Erode (Ans - a) 18. crop is grown both in winter and spring. a) Rice b) Wheat c) Cotton d) Pulses (Ans - b) 19. The revolution in the production of horticultural products is Revolution. a) White b) Blue c) Golden d) Green (Ans - c) 20. are cereal crops which include jowar, bajra and ragi. a) Millets b) Pulses c) Plantation crops d) Dry crops (Ans - a) 21. are crops which are leguminous and rich in proteins. a) Millets b) Pulses c) Rice d) Wheat (Ans - b) 22. Crops which help in earning foreign exchange are called a) dry crops b) plantation crop c) cash crop d) food crop (Ans - c) 23. India stands in the production of paddy. a) first b) second c) third d) fourth (Ans - b) 24. Cotton is a major crop of India. a) food crop b) fibre c) dry d) plantation (Ans - b) 25. is grown in the Ganga Brahmaputra delta of West Bengal. a) Jute b) Wheat c) Cotton d) Tea (Ans - a) 26. India is the largest producer of tobacco. a) first b) second c) third d) fourth (Ans - c) 27. Tea, coffee and rubber are called as crops. a) cash b) food c) dry d) plantation (Ans - d) % of rubber cultivation is confined to the Western Ghats in state a) Tamil Nadu b) Kerala c) Karnataka d) Andhra Pradesh (Ans - b) 29. is mostly produced in Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir and Uttranchal, a) Apple b) Orange c) Manges d) Cashew. (Ans - a) 30. The National Research Centre on plant was established in a) Bio technology b) Nano technology c) Smart technology d) Nuclear technology (Ans - a)

56 286 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 4 II. Match the following : (Textbook Pg. No. 171) A. 1. Wheat [PTA-3; Apr. 14 & 16] a. West Bengal 2. Sugarcane b. Kerala 3. Apple [June 14; HY. 16] c. Uttar Pradesh 4. Rubber [PTA-1; QY. 16 & 17; Mar. 17] d. Punjab 5. Jute e. Himachal Pradesh f. Tamil Nadu g. Karnataka Answer: (1 - d; 2 - c; 3 - e; 4 - b; 5 - a) Additional Match the Following : B. 1. Alluvial Soil a. Odisha 2. Low Rainfall b. Forest Areas 3. Primitive Agriculture c. Assam 4. Jhum d. Dry Crops 5. Podu e. Plains of Ganga f. Masham g. Ponam Answer: (1 - e; 2 - d; 3 - b; 4 - c; 5 - a) C. 1. Subsistence Agriculture a. Cardamom Hills 2. Commercial Agriculture b. Paddy 3. Plantation Agriculture c. Intensive Agriculture 4. Kharif Season d. Wheat 5. Rabi Season e. Dual Cropping f. Uni Cropping g. Extensive Agriculture Answer: (1 - c; 2 - g; 3 - a; 4 - b; 5 - d) D. 1. Paddy a. Long term crop 2. Thanjavur b. Staple Food of North India 3. Samba c. Marine products 4. Wheat d. Jowar, Bajra 5. Millets e. Sugandh 5 f. Oil Seeds g. Rice Bowl of Tamilnadu Answer: (1 - e; 2 - g; 3 - a; 4 - b; 5 - d) E. 1. Pulses a. Hot humid climate 2. Cash Crop b. Beverage crop 3. Sugar Cane c. Mild cool weather 4. Cotton d. Agricultural crop 5. Tea e. Horticulture f. Jute g. Fibre Crop/ Maharashtra [Oct. 2015] Answer: (1 - c; 2 - f; 3 - a; 4 - g; 5 - b)

57 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter How can be land pollution prevented? (i) Things used for domestic purpose can be reused and recycled. (ii) Organic waste matter should be disposed off far away from the residential places. (iii) Inorganic wastes can be separated, reclaimed and recycled. 51. How does noise pollution affect the human beings? (i) The unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health. (ii) Noise pollution can cause hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances and other harmful effects. 52. What are the measures to be taken to control noise pollution? Development of green belt vegetation, along highways and in places of public gatherings and development of plantations are some of the measures that could be taken to control noise pollution. 53. How is mining a source of pollution? (i) The mines of the Mahanadi coal fields and NTPC draws about 250 million litres of water per day from river Brahmani. (ii) In return, they release thousands of gallons of waste water. (iii) It contains harmful substances like ash, oil, heavy metals, grease, fluorides, phosphorous, ammonia, urea and sulphuric acid into the river Nadir. 54. How does mining affect the Aravalli range? (i) There is a large scale mining in the Aravalli hills in Rajasthan and Haryana. (ii) The forest cover has been depleted by 90 per cent and drying up wells and affecting agriculture. IV. Answer the following in a paragraph : (Textbook Pg. No. 189) 1. What are the effects of acid rain? [Sep. 2014; Oct. 2016; Mar. 2017] The acid rain affects the ecosystems by the following ways. i) The most basic microscopic organism such as plankton may not be able to survive. So the sea animals depending on planktons will die. ii) The food chain will be affected. iii) If ocean temperature increases, growth of coral reefs will be affected. iv) The corals control the proportion of carbon-di-oxide. v) It turns the carbon dioxide in the water into lime shell. vi) Coral reefs grow in temperature just above 10 º Celsius. vii) Other ecosystems such as forest and desert also will be harmed. viii) Loss of biodiversity and extinction of rare species will occur. ix) They also change the acidity level of the soil. x) It leaches crucial nutrients. xi) Thus its affects the forest vegetation also.

58 332 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 6 2. What is smog? What are the effects of smog? [June 2015] Smog : i) The word smog is a combination of the words smoke and fog. ii) Major producers of smog are automobiles, fire, waste treatment, oil production, industrial solutions, paints and coatings. iii) The articulates present in smog include carbon monoxide, dirt, dust and ozone. Effects of smog : i) Smog causes a smoky dark atmosphere especially over cities. ii) It decreases visibility, and creates gaze throughout the area. iii) Smog is not only a city problem wind carries smog away from urban areas and harm other areas too. iv) Agriculture is also affected by smog. 3. Write a brief note on Air Pollution. i) Air pollution is a contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances. ii) Air pollution can have serious effect on the health of the human beings. iii) An average person breathes about 2,200 times a day inhaling around 16 kg of air. iv) Every time when we breathe in we inhale dangerous substances. v) These dangerous substances or pollutants can be either in the form of gases or particles. vi) The source of pollutants is both natural and man-made. vii) Volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen disposal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radio activity are the natural causes of air pollution. viii) The man-made reasons are vehicular emission, thermal power plants, industries and refineries. ix) Most sulphur-di-oxide comes from power plants that use coal as fuel. x) Automobiles produce about half of the nitrogen oxide. xi) The major air pollutants are suphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbondioxide and organic compounds that can evaporate and enter the atmosphere. xii) It directly affects inhalation. xiii) It indirectly affects through water, food, skin infections. xiv) It affects the cardio vascular system of the human beings. xv) Diseases like asthma, bronchitis, allergies, lung and heart diseases are caused due to air pollution. xvi) It results in Ozone depletion, global warming or green house effect and Acid rain.

59 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter Additional Questions : 4. Give a brief note on Acid rain (mäy kih). i) Acid rain was first discovered in ii) iii) iv) This is one of the most important environmental problems. It is caused by indivisible gases given out by automobiles or coal burning by power plants. Sulphur-di-oxide and Nitrogen oxides cause Acid rain. v) Fire and bacterial decomposition are the natural causes which increase the nitrogen oxide in the air. vi) vii) These pollutants combine with water vapour in the presence of sunlight and oxygen to form dilute sulphuric and nitric acids. When this mixture precipitates from the atmosphere, it is called Acid rain. viii) Acid rain falls down to the earth in all forms of precipitation. ix) Acidity in the rain can harm and even destroy both natural ecosystems and man-made products. x) Acid rains, when falling on oceans, reach the coral reefs. xi) This has killed more than 70% of corals in Lakshadweep and Andaman islands. xii) The acid rain affects the ecosystem. 5. How can we reduce Air pollution? Air pollution can be reduced by the following methods: i) Use neighbourhood market. ii) iii) iv) Try to make maximum use of bicycles. Make use of public forms of transport. Encourage your family to form a carpool to office and back. v) Reduce the use of aerosols in the household. vi) vii) Maintain trees in the neighbourhood. Do not waste Electricity. viii) Share your room with others, when the air conditioner, cooler or fan is on. ix) Put the dry leaves in a compost pit. x) Make periodical pollution check for your car. xi) xii) Use the cars fitted with catalytic converters. Use only unleaded petrol.

60 334 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 6 6. How is water pollution caused? i) Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water. ii) This water has harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. iii) The first pollutants is disease carry agents are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage systems and untreated waste iv) The second pollutant is oxygen demanding bacteria. i.e., Wastes that can be decomposed by oxygen requiring bacteria. v) Large proportion of such bacteria in water can deplete oxygen levels in it. vi) This causes other organisms in water such as fish to die. vii) The third class of water pollutants is water soluble in organic pollutants such as acids, salt and toxic metals. viii) Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides in the water which are harmful to humans and animals. ix) It transports pollution from one location of the another easily. x) Water pollution mainly affects the water based eco systems. xi) It also disrupts the natural food chain. xii) People can get diseases such as Hepatitis by eating sea foods. xiii) Toxic substances entering into lakes, streams, oceans, dissolve in water and get deposited on the bed. xiv) This affects the aquatic ecosystems. xv) They can also seep down and affect the ground water. These are the causes for water pollution. Í Î

61 India Trade, Transport and Communication (ïªâah - tâf«, ngh Ftu J k W«jftš bjhl ò) I. Choose the correct word : (Textbook Pg. No. 203) 1. Trade carried on within the domestic territory of a country is known as trade. [PTA-4] a) External b) Foreign c) Internal d) International (Ans - c) 2. Trade blocs are created to make the trade easier. a) Multilateral b) Bilateral c) Unilateral d) Local (Ans - a) 3. Cost efficient and most popular mode of transport in our country is [PTA-2; April & Oct. 2016] a) Airways b) Roadways c) Waterways d) Railways (Ans - b) 4. The headquarters of Indian Railways is in [PTA-1 & 3; April 2013 & 2015; Sep & 2017; July 2016] a) Mumbai b) New Delhi c) Nagpur d) Chennai (Ans - b) 5. The costliest and most modern means of transport is [Oct. 2012; April 2014; HY. 2016; Mar. 2017] a) Air Transport b) Road Transport c) Water Transport d) Rail Transport (Ans - a) Additional Questions : Exercise Geography 6. Growth of leads to economic prosperity of a nation. a) population b) education c) trade d) knowledge (Ans - c) 7. A country s growth depends on the overall development in all fields. a) cultural b) political c) economic d) population (Ans - c) 8. In the local trade transport plays a major role. a) land b) railways c) water ways d) airways (Ans - a) 9. In international trade transport plays a major role in movement of goods. a) Road ways b) Railways c) Airways d) Ocean routes (Ans - d) 10. In bilateral trade the country sells goods to a needy country. a) old b) new c) surplus d) unwanted (Ans - c) 11. The value of of a country depends upon the balance of trade of that country. a) people b) government c) economy d) currency (Ans - d) 335 7

62 336 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter India s trade procedure is simplified and transaction cost is a) increased b) reduced c) removed d) adjusted (Ans - b) 13. The development of a country depends on an efficient system of a) schools b) colleges c) firms d) transport (Ans - d) 14. Road net work in India is the longest in the world. a) first b) second c) third d) fourth (Ans - b) 15. Village roads link different villages with a) cities b) country c) capitals d) towns (Ans - d) 16. District Roads are maintained by the and Municipalities. a) Panchayat unions b) Corporations c) Cantonment Boards d) State Governments (Ans - b) 17. The State Public Works Department (SPWD) constructs the a) State Highways b) National Highways c) Village Roads d) District Roads (Ans - a) 18. The primary road system of our country is a) State Highways b) National Highways c) Border Roads d) District Roads (Ans - b) 19. NH47 connects Tamil Nadu and a) Bengaluru b) Hyderabad c) Madurai d) Kerala (Ans - d) 20. The shortest National Highway is a) NH47A b) NH47 c) NH7 d) NH4 (Ans - a) 21. The longest National Highway NH7 runs from Varanasi to a) Trivandrum b) Kanyakumari c) Nagapattinam d) Ramanathapuram (Ans - b) 22. NH47A the shortest National Highway runs for a distance of a) 6.9km b) 5.9km c) 7.9km d) 8.9km (Ans - b) 23. The longest National Highway NH7 runs for a distance of km. a) 2369 b) 2639 c) 2963 d) 2939 (Ans - a) 24. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway Project runs for a distance of km. a) 14,846 b) 14,648 c) 14,864 d) 15,000 (Ans - a) 25. Expressways are roads. a) Six lane b) Four lane c) Eight lane d) Five lane (Ans - a) 26. Border Roads Organization was established in a) 1950 b) 1960 c) 1970 d) 1980 (Ans - b) 27. The Border Road Organization has constructed the World s road connecting Manali (HP) and Leh (Kashmir). a) highest b) longest c) largest d) costliest (Ans - a) 28. The world s highest road is constructed at an altitude of mts a) 4270 b) 4720 c) 4027 d) 4000 (Ans - a) 29. The principal mode of transport in India is a) Railways b) Border Roads c) Waterways d) Airways (Ans - a)

63 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter The first railway line from Bombay to Thane covered a distance of kms. a) 50 b) 46 c) 38 d) 34 (Ans - d) 31. Bhopal Shatabdi, the fastest train runs at a speed of a) 150km/hr b) 100km/hr c) 200km/hr d) 1175km/hr (Ans - a) 32. Indian Railways is the second largest network in a) the World b) South East Asia c) Asia d) Eurasia (Ans - c) 33. Indian Railways is the fifth largest network in a) the World b) South East Asia c) Asia d) Eurasia (Ans - a) 34. Southern Railway has its headquarters in a) Bengaluru b) Trivandrum c) Kanyakumari d) Chennai (Ans - d) 35. The MRTS is operated by the Railway. a) Southern b) Eastern c) Northern d) Western (Ans - a) 36. In National integration play a major role. a) Railways b) Roadways c) Waterways d) Pipelines (Ans - a) 37. Pipeline operation involves consumption of energy. a) Low b) High c) Medium d) No (Ans - a) 38. The cheapest means of transport is a) Airways b) Roadways c) Railways d) Waterways (Ans - d) 39. India is the largest ship owning country in Asia. a) second b) first c) third d) fourth (Ans - a) 40. India ranks among ship owning countries in the world. a) sixteenth b) fifth c) tenth d) twentieth (Ans - a) 41. The Air transport in India made it beginning in a) 1909 b) 1910 c) 1911 d) 1912 (Ans - c) 42. Airport Authority of India was constituted in a) 1990 b) 1992 c) 1995 d) 1993 (Ans - c) 43. Communication System helps in promoting unity. a) political b) cultural c) religious d) linguistic (Ans - b) 44. The largest postal network in the world is in a) America b) Britain c) India d) Germany (Ans - c) 45. In today s world are very popular. a) Telegrams b) Telephones c) Mobile Phones d) Money Orders (Ans - c) 46. Mass Communication awareness among the people. a) avoids b) creates c) omits d) decreases (Ans - b) 47. In India Doordarshan is the name given to a) Telephone b) Computer c) Mobile Phone d) Television (Ans - d) 48. Internet is a vast network of a) Computers b) Televisions c) Radios d) Post Offices (Ans - a) 49. Edusat programmes are promoted by network. a) Transport b) Trade c) Communication d) Economy (Ans - c)

64 338 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 7 II. Match the following : (Textbook Pg. No. 203) A. 1. Village Roads [Dept. Paper; PTA-1; June & Sep. 2014; April & Oct. 2015; June 2017] a. New Delhi 2. District Roads [PTA - 4; Sep. 2017] b. Mumbai 3. Central Railways [Dept. Paper; June 2014; HY. 2016] c. Chennai 4. Southern Railways [PTA-2; June 2012, 2015 & 2017; April & Sep. 2014; Oct. 2016; Mar. 2017] d. Village Panchayat 5. Northern Railways [PTA-3; June 2012; April 2015; July 2016] e. Municipalities and Corporations f. Hyderabad Answers : (1 - d; 2 - e; 3 - b; 4 - c; 5 - a) Additional Questions : B. 1. Internal Trade a. Foreign Trade 2. International Trade b. Economic Prosperity 3. Bilateral Trade c. Indian Trade 4. Multilateral Trade d. Exports 5. Growth of Trade e. Domestic Trade f. Two Countries g. Many Countries Answers : (1 - e; 2 - a; 3 - f; 4 - g; 5 - b) C. 1. Road network in India a. Ernakulam to Kochi Port 2. NH47A b. Second largest in the world 3. NH7 c. Major Road Development Project 4. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways d. Village Roads 5. Six Lane Super Highways e. District Roads f. Connecting four metropolitan cities g. The longest National Highway Answers : (1 - b; 2 - a; 3 - g; 4 - c; 5 - f) D. 1. BRO a. Headquarters 2. Bhopal Shatabdi b. Bhubaneswar 3. Indian Railways c. Mumbai 4. New Delhi d. Manali to Leh 5. East Coast Railway e. Largest in Asia f. Chennai g. Fastest Train Answers: (1 - d; 2 - g; 3 - e; 4 - a; 5 - b) E. 1. Himalayan Region a. Chennai 2. MRTS b. Low consumption of energy 3. Pipeline Operation c. Rugged terrain 4. Salaya d. Railways 5. The cheapest means of transport e. Airways f. Waterways g. Gujarat Answers: (1 - c; 2 - a; 3 - b; 4 - g; 5 - f)

65 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter F. 1. Inland waterways a. West Coast 2. Ocean Routes b. Air India 3. Kandla c. Indian Airlines 4. Thoothukudi d. Canals and backwaters 5. Tata Airline e. Jet Airways f. East Coast g. Port Trust Answers: (1 - d; 2 - g; 3 - a; 4 - f; 5 - b) G. 1. Communication System a. Multimedia based system 2. Personal Communication b. Private Operator 3. Mass Communication c. Largest Postal Network in the World 4. India d. Waterways Authority 5. Internet e. e - Television f. Telephones g. Cultural Unity Answers: (1 - g; 2 - f; 3 - e; 4 - c; 5 - a) III. Distinguish between the following: (Textbook Pg. No. 203 & 204) [PTA-2; April & Oct. 2012; June 2013 & 2016; April 2014; HY. 2016] 1. National Highways State Highways 1) National Highways link the state capitals with national capital. 1) State Highways link the state capitals with the different district headquarters. 2) They are maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) 2) They are maintained by the State Public Works Department (SPWD). 3) It runs to a length of 92,851 kms. 3) It runs to a length 1,31,899 kms. 4) Eg. Chennai to Delhi. 4) Eg. Cuddalore to Chittor Road. [PTA-1 & 4; April 2012, 2013 & 2016; June & Sep. 2014; June 2012 & 2015; Oct & 2016; HY. 2016; Sep. 2017] 2. Exports Imports 1) Export means goods and services sold for foreign currency. 2) India exports nearly 7,500 goods to nearly 190 countries of the world. 3) India exports Cereals, Pulses, Leather goods, Textiles & Handicrafts, Tea, Spices, Iron Ore. 1) Import refers to goods and services bought from overseas producers. 2) India imports nearly 6000 goods from 140 countries. 3) India imports Electrical machineries, Wheat, Petroleum, Fertilizers, transport equipments, newsprint.

66 340 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 7 3. [PTA-2 & 3; Deptl. Paper; June 2012; Sep & 2014; April & Oct. 2015; Mar., June & Sep. 2017] Internal Trade 1) Internal trade is also known as local trade. 2) It is carried on within the domestic territory of a country. 3) Land transport plays a major role in the movement of goods. 4) This trade is mostly based on the nation s currency. 5) It helps to promote a balanced regional growth in the country. International Trade 1) International trade is also known as external trade. 2) It is a trade carried on between two or more countries. 3) Ocean transport plays a major role in the movement of goods. 4) The trade is carried on foreign currency. 5) It leads to rapid economic progress of a country. [PTA-3 & 4; Deptl. Paper; April & Sep. 2013; April 2015; Mar. & June 2017] 4. Roadways Railways 1) The Indian roads are cost efficient and the most popular dominant mode of transport. 1) Railways in India provide the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers. 2) They link different parts of our country. 2) It brings people from the farthest corner of our country. 3) It is used by all sections of people in 3) It promotes trade, tourism, education the society. and national integration. 4) The roads are classified into Village Roads, District Roads, State Highways, National Highways, Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, Expressways, Border Roads and International Highways. 5) Road network in India is the second longest in the world accounting for million km. 4) Indian Railway Network runs on the multigauge operation. They are 1. Broad Gauge 2. Meter Gauge 3. Narrow Gauge. 5) Indian Railways is the 5 th largest in the world and 2 nd largest in Asia. It traverses across the length and breadth for 63,273 km connecting 7,025 stations. [PTA-1 & 2; June 2013, 2014 & 2015; April 2014 & 2016] 5. Airways Waterways 1) Airways is the quickest, costliest, most modern and comfortable means of transport. 1) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. 2) They carry passengers, freight and mail. 2) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods at low cost. 3) They link local, regional, national and international cities. 4) Airways are classified into Domestic Airways & International Airways. 3) Waterways are in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, seas and oceans. 4) Waterways are classified into inland waterways and ocean routes.

67 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter Additional Questions : 6. Village Roads District Roads 1) Village Roads link different villages with towns. 2) These roads are constructed and maintained by village panchayats. 3) In India, village roads run to a length of 26, 50,000 kms. 1) District Roads link the towns with the district headquarters. 2) These roads are constructed and maintained by the Corporations and Municipalities. 3) District roads run to a total length of 4, 67,763 kms. 7. [Oct. 2016; Sep. 2017] Bilateral Trade Multilateral trade 1) Bilateral trade is a trade carried out 1) Multilateral trade is carried out between between two countries based on the many countries. agreement deal of not using currency for payment 2) In this trade a country sells its surplus 2) In this trade a country sells its surplus goods goods to a needy country. to the needy country by getting revenue and buys the required goods from another country by using the same revenue. 3) In return buys an equally required 3) This trade is very complicate to negotiate. goods from the other country. But stands very powerful when all the countries sign the agreement. 8. Print Media Electronic media 1) Printing is a process of production of Books, Newspapers and Magazines. 1) Electronic media utilizes electronic or electro-mechanical energy for the end user to access the content. 2) Electronic media encourages the spirit of globalization in all walks of life. 2) They educate people in the method of performing their civic duty. They play a positive role in strengthening the bonds of communal harmony. 3) Eg. Books, Journals, Magazines, Newspapers etc. 3) Eg. Radio, Television,MobilePhone, Internet, , Fax etc.

68 342 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter 7 9. Personal Communication Mass communication 1) Personal communication refers to exchanging of information between two persons. 2) It includes postal service, telegram, telephones, Mobile Phones, fax etc. 1) Mass communication network plays a vital role in creating awareness about national policies and programmes by providing information and education. 2) It includes Radio, Television, Newspaper, Internet. IV. Short Answers : (Textbook Pg. No. 204) 1. What is trade? What are the types of trade? [June 2012, Sep. 2013; April 2012, 2014 & 2016; July & HY. 2016] i) Trade is an act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services. ii) Trade in general is of two types. iii) They are internal trade and international trade. 2. State the highlights of India s foreign trade policy (mašeh L tâf bfhÿif) since Highlights of India s foreign trade policy are : i) Merchandise trade has been doubled. ii) Thrust is given for employment generation, especially in semi-urban and rural areas. iii) iv) Trade procedure is simplified and transaction cost is reduced. Special focus is given to make India a global hub. v) Vishesh Krishi Upaj Yojna has been introduced to boost exports of fruits, vegetables, flowers and minor forest products. 3. Trade, Transport and Communication stand complementary to each other. How? (i) Growth of trade leads to economic prosperity of a nation. (ii) But trade growth depends on well developed market, advanced transport and communication system. (iii) Thus trade, transport and communication stand complementary to each other. 4. What is the significance of border roads? [June 2013; Oct & 2016] (i) Border roads are the roads constructed along the Northern and North Eastern borders of India. (ii) These roads are constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organization (BRO). (iii) It was set up in 1960 by the government of India. (iv) Border Road Organization has constructed the world s highest road connecting Manali (H.P) to Leh (Kashmir) at an altitude of 4270 meters.

69 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter Brief how physiography (Ãy ïa ifæaš) play a role in the distribution of Railway networks in India. (i) The Himalayan region has rugged terrain and so it is difficult to lay railway tracks along the steep slopes. (ii) The condition in West Rajasthan, frequent flood in Brahmaputra valley, thick forest and rough terrain in Northeast India has led to a few railway lines in these region. (iii) The northern plains of India is a flat land and it has a dense network of railways. (iv) Peninsular India is a plateau with an undulated terrain, hence it has a moderate railway network. 6. Write a note on suburban railway. [PTA-3 & 4] (i) Cities in India such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi have separate tracks for the suburban network. (ii) The suburban network connects the commuters of suburban areas to the urban centres. (iii) They are mostly Electric Multiple Units (EMU). (iv) These trains usually have nine coaches but to avoid overcrowd during peak hours they attach extra coaches. 7. State the merits of pipeline transport. (or) [PTA-1 & 2; Oct. 2012; April 2013 & 2015; June 2015; Mar. & Sep. 2017] Mention the importance of Pipeline networks in the country. [Sep. 2014] i) Pipe line can be laid though difficult terrain as well as under water. ii) Initial cost of laying pipeline is high, but subsequent cost for maintenance and operation is low. iii) It ensures steady supply and minimizes transshipment losses and delays. iv) Pipeline operation involves very low consumption of energy. 8. Mention the important pipeline networks in our country. i) From oil fields in upper Assam to Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab Via. Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttarpradesh Via. Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. iv) Apart from the above, pipelines are also laid connecting, Mumbai high and Mumbai, Mumbai and Pune. 9. What are the advantages of communication network? [Deptl. Paper; June 2014 & 2017] (i) It enables quick exchange of information with people anywhere in the world. (ii) It leads to enormous growth of trade. (iii) It helps the government to tackle various socio economic problems in the society. (iv) It improves the quality of human life. (v) It opens the door to the information age. (vi) It promotes Edusat programs. Additional Questions : 10. What is Internal Trade? (i) Internal trade also known as local trade is carried within the domestic territory of a country. (ii) Land transport plays a major role in the movement of goods. (iii) This trade is mostly based on the nation s currency. (iv) It helps to promote a balanced regional growth in the country.

70 344 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter What is International Trade? International trade is also known as external trade. (i) It is carried on between two or more countries. (ii) Ocean transport plays a major role in the movement of goods. (iii) The trade is carried on with foreign currency. (iv) It leads to rapid economic progress of a country, Eg. India supplies Iron ore to Japan. 12. Mention an example of Internal Trade. Tea from Assam, Coffee from Karnataka, Spices from Kerala, Minerals from Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa belt are being supplied to different parts of our country. 13. What is Bilateral Trade? (i) Bilateral trade is a trade carried out between two countries based on the agreement deal of not using currency for payment. (ii) In this trade a country sells its surplus goods to a needy country. (iii) In return buys an equally required goods from the other country. 14. What is Multilateral trade? (i) Multilateral trade is carried out between many countries. (ii) In this trade a country sells its surplus goods to the needy country by getting revenue and buys the required goods from another country by using the same revenue. (iii) This trade is very complicate to negotiate. (iv) But stands very powerful when all the countries sign the agreement. 15. What are Trade Blocs? The trade Blocs like APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Community), ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) and SAPTA (South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement) are created to make the trade easier. 16. What are Exports and Imports? (i) Export and Import are the two components of trade. (ii) Export means goods and services sold for foreign currency. India exports nearly 7500 goods to nearly 190 countries of the world. (iii) Import refers to goods and services bought from overseas producers. (iv) India imports nearly 6000 goods from 140 countries. 17. What is balance of trade? The difference between the values of Export and Import is called balance of trade. 18. What is favourable balance of trade? (i) If the value of export in a country is higher than the value of import, then the trade in that country will be called favourable balance of trade. (ii) For example, Japan has favourable balance of trade. 19. What is unfavourable balance of trade? (i) If the value of import in a country is higher than the value of export then the trade in that country will be called unfavourable balance of trade. (ii) For example, in India we have unfavourable balance of trade.

71 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter Write about the transport system of India. i) Development of a country not only depends upon the production of goods and services but also on an efficient means of transports. ii) It helps to move the materials to the point of production and goods to the point of consumption. 21. Why is an efficient network of transport required? (i) A dense and efficient network of transport is essential to promote social cohesion and to accelerate economic prosperity. (ii) It also ensures security and territorial integrity. 22. Mention the classification of roads in India. The roads are classified into Village roads, District roads, State Highways, National Highways, Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, Expressways, Border Roads and International Highways. 23. What are Village roads? (i) Village roads link different villages with towns. (ii) They are maintained by village panchayats. In India, village roads run to a length of 26,50,000 kms. 24. What are District roads? (i) District roads link towns with the district headquarters. (ii) They are maintained by the corporations and municipalities. (iii) In India they run to a total length of 4,67,763 kms. 25. What are State Highways (belšrhiy)? (i) National Highways link the state capitals with the different district headquarters. (ii) The roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (SPWD). (iii) Cuddalore - Chittor Road is an example for State Highways. 26. What is NH47? (i) NH47 is a National Highway which connects Tamil Nadu and Kerala. (ii) The total length of the road is 650 km out of which 224 km runs in state of Tamil Nadu. 27. What is NH47A? (i) The shortest National Highway is NH 47A. (ii) It runs from Ernakulum to Kochi port covering a distance of 5.9 km. 28. What is NH7? (i) The longest National Highway NH 7 runs from Varanasi in Uttarpradesh to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu covering the distance of 2369 km. (ii) It passes through some of the important metros like Jabalpur, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.

72 346 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter What is Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? (i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways Project is a major road development project launched by the Government of India. (ii) It runs to a length of 14,846 km connecting the major cities of India. 30. Explain the Six lanes Super Highways. (i) Six lanes super Highways run to a length of 5846 km. (ii) They connect the four metropolitan cities Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata. 31. Explain the North South corridor and East West corridor. (i) The North South corridor links Srinagar and Kanyakumari. (ii) East West corridor connects, Silchar and Porbandhar (iii) They run to a total length of 7300 kms. 32. What is the main objective of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways Project? (i) The main objective of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is providing connectivity, speed and safety. (ii) They are meant to reduce the travel time and link the metropolitans closer. (iii) These projects are implemented by the NHAI (National Highway Authority of India) 33. Explain the term BOT. (i) BOT means Build, Operate and Transfer. (ii) As the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways Project involves huge investment, the Government has entrusted private sector companies to invest, develop and maintain these highways. (iii) The agreement for the construction of roads is based on the concept of BOT. 34. What are Expressways? (i) Express ways are the technologically improved high class roads in the Indian Road Network. (ii) They are six lanes roads. (iii) They run to a length of more than 200 kms. (iv) New Mumbai Pune Road is an example for Expressway. 35. What are International Highways? (i) International Highways are the roads that link India with neighbouring countries. (ii) They promote harmonious relationship with them. 36. What is the role of railways with mode of transport in India? (i) The Railways in India provide the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers. (ii) It brings people together from the farthest corner of the country. (iii) It promotes trade, tourism, education and National integration. 37. When was the Indian National Railways formed? (i) Railways made a modest beginning in India in (ii) By 1947, they had grown to 42 rail systems managed by 37 companies. (iii) In 1951 the systems were nationalized as one unit, The Indian Railways. 38. Mention about the Multigauge operation. Multigauge operation means Broad gauge, Meter gauge and Narrow gauge.

73 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter What is MRTS? (i) The Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) is an elevated line of the suburban railway in Chennai. (ii) This railway line currently runs from Chennai beach to Velachery. (iii) It covers 17 stations for a distance of 25 km. (iv) The MRTS is operated by the state owned Southern Railway. 40. What is the role of railways in Indian economy? (i) Railways help in bulk movement of goods, commercialization of agriculture, unified national market, control of famines. (ii) Above all they play a greater role in administration. 41. What are Pipe Lines? (i) Pipe lines were used to transport water to cities in earlier days. (ii) But now they are also used for transporting crude oil and natural gas. (iii) It is transported from oil and natural gas fields to oil refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. 42. What are Waterways? (i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. (ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods at low cost. (iii) It is fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport. (iv) Waterways are classified into Inland waterways and Ocean routes. 43. What are Inland Waterways? (i) India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals and backwaters. (ii) The total navigable length is 14,500 km. (iii) Out of which 5,685 km of rivers and 400 km of canals are used by mechanized crafts. (iv) The Waterways Authority of India has identified five national waterways. 44. What are Ocean Routes? (i) India has a long coast line of 7516 km with 13 major and 187 medium and minor ports located along the coast. (ii) These ports handle 95 percent of the country s foreign trade. (iii) The major ports are managed and controlled by Port Trust under the Government of India. 45. Name the ports situated on the west and east coast of India. (i) The major ports along the west coast are Kandla, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru, Marmagao, New Mangalore and Cochin. (ii) The major ports along the east coast are Tuticorin, Chennai, Ennore, Vishakapatnam, Paradip, Haldia and Kolkata. 46. Name the four major ship-building yards of India. India is the second largest ship owning country in Asia and ranks 16th in the world. India has four major ship-building yards i) Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakapatnam ii) Garden Reach Workshop at Kolkata iii) Mazagaon Dock at Mumbai iv) Kochi Shipyard at Kochi 47. Name the Acts which allowed private investment in ports. (i) Government of India has used guide lines for private investment in the port sectors. (ii) Indians Ports Act of 1908 and Major Port Trust Act of 1963 have allowed the private investments in ports.

74 348 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Geography Chapter What are Airways? (i) Airways are the quickest, costliest most modern and comfortable means of transport. (ii) They carry passengers freight and mail. (iii) They link local, regional, national and international cities. (iv) Air transport had made accessibility easier by connecting difficult terrains like high mountains and sandy deserts. 49. Describe the development of Air transport in India. (i) The Air transport in India made its beginning in 1911, but the real initiation was made in 1932 by JRD Tata when he started the Tata Airline. (ii) In 1946 it was renamed as Air India and in 1953, Air transport was nationalized. (iii) Indian Airlines was set up to cater the needs of domestic market while Air India was set up to take care of the international sectors. 50. What was the development in 2007 in the Airways of India? (i) In 2007, the Government of India merged the Air India and Indian Airlines under National Aviation Corporation of India Limited (NACIL). (ii) NACIL (A) provides international services. (iii) NACIL (I) provides domestic services and services to neighbouring countries in South East Asia and Middle East. 51. What is NACIL? (i) NACIL operates 159 Airbuses and Boeing aircrafts. (ii) It plays a major role in connecting Indian cities with the major cities of the world. (iii) Apart from NACIL there are private operators namely, Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, Spice Jet, Inter Globe Aviation (INDIGO) to provide domestic services. 52. Write about the Airport Authority of India (AAI). (i) Airport Authority of India (AAI) was constituted in (ii) It has instituted international standards of safety to Indian Airports. (iii) At present, AAI maintains and operates 129 airports out of which 17 are International Airports. 53. Write about the Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd, a public sector company. (i) Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd., is a public sector company. (ii) It is engaged in providing helicopter services to ONGC for its offshore operations. (iii) It also provides services to various State Governments, especially in the North East to link the inaccessible areas. 54. Explain the term Communication (jftš bjhiy bjhl ò) system. (i) Communication system contributes to the development of economy and social relationships. (ii) It helps in promoting cultural unity. (iii) Communication is a process that involves exchange of information thoughts and ideas. 55. What is meant by Means of Communication? There are various ways of sharing information with each other and it is termed as the Means of Communication. 56. What is Personal communication? (i) Personal communication refers to exchanging of information between two persons. (ii) Postal Service, Telegram, Telephone, Mobile Phones and Fax are come under personal communication. 57. What is First Class Mail? (i) First Class Mail includes post cards, inland letters and envelopes. (ii) They are air lifted without any surcharge between stations.

75 522 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper 31. The word environment is most commonly used to describe natural environment which means the whole of all living and non living things that surround us. 32. (i) Cities in India such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Delhi have separate tracks for the suburban network. (ii) The suburban network connects the commuters of suburban areas to the urban centres. (iii) They are mostly Electric Multiple Units (EMU). (iv) These trains usually have nine coaches but to avoid over crowd during peak hours they attach extra coaches. 33. (i) Remote sensing can be defined as the collection of data about an object from a distance. (ii) Remote means far away and sensing means getting information. (iii) Geographers use this as a tool to monitor or measure phenomena on the Earth s lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. PART - IV 34. a) To measure the size of the economy and level of country s economic development. b) To help government to formulate development plans and policies to increase economic growth. 35. i) Liberalization means movement towards a free market system. ii) It is otherwise known as withdrawal of regulation and restrictions for private sectors. iii) Private sectors are encouraged to enter into core industries which are reserved for public sector. Eg : Entry of private sector in the field of production of electricity. Section - III 36. Himadri Himachal 1) Himadri is the Northern range of the 1) Himachal is the middle range of the Himalayas. Himalayas. 2) It extends from the Indus Valley in the west to 2) They extend from Kashmir Valley to Brahmaputra in the east. Arunachal Pradesh. 3) Himadri is covered with snow. 3) Himachal contains mountains and thick forest such as Pirpanjal, and Dhauladar range ) Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga Peaks are here. 5) Himadri is the abode of snow. So many perennial rivers originate here. 4) Here we find more valleys like Kulu Valley, Kashmir valley etc. 5) Many hill stations like Shimla and Gulmarg are located here. Weather 1. Weather is a day to day conditions of atmosphere at any place. 2. It deals with temperature, pressure wind, humidity, and rainfall. 3. Weather conditions help in forecasting day to day weather of a place. Climate 1. Climate is the average state of weather for a longer period of time at any place. 2. It is determined by latitude, altitude distance from the sea, wind and position of mountains. 3. Weather records of a minimum period of 35 years are found necessary to obtain reliable average.

76 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper Tropical Evergreen Forest 1) These forests are found in regions where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cms. Tropical Monsoon Forest 1) These forests are found in regions having annual rainfall between 70 cm and 200 cms ) They do not shed their leaves and are evergreen and dense throughout the year. 3) Eg. Ebony, Rosewood, Mahogany, Cinchona etc., Wet Farming 1) Wet farming is an agriculture method in which crops are cultivated in the regions that receive sufficient rainfall 2) These forests shed their leaves due to dryness for about 6 to 8 weeks. Hence called deciduous forest. 3) Eg. Teak, Sal, Sisam, Sandalwood etc., Dry Farming 1) Dry farming is a method of agriculture in which crops are cultivated on a dry land. 2) Wet farming highly depends upon 2) Dry farming greatly depends on irrigation for monsoon winds. necessary water supply. 3) Eg. Rice 3) Eg. Millets 40. Cotton Industry Small Scale Industry 1) Cotton industries are household industries 1) They are more or less mini factories. depending on local market ) Production is of primitive method. 2) They depend on large scale industries. 3) Eg. Handlooms, Coir industries 3) Eg. Industrial units in and around BHEL of Trichy & Ranipet Internal Trade International Trade 1) Internal trade is also known as local trade. 1) International trade is also known as external trade. 2) It is carried on within the domestic territory of a country. 3) This trade is mostly based on the nation s currency. 2) It is a trade carried on between two or more countries. 3) It leads to rapid economic growth of a country and is based on international.

77 524 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper Village Roads 1) Village Roads connect villages to villages and link villages to towns. 2) These roads are constructed and maintained by village panchayats. 3) In India village roads run to a length of 26, 50,000 kms. Delta 1) Delta is a triangular shaped alluvial deposits formed at the mouth of a river. District Roads 1) District Roads connect towns to towns and link towns to district headquarters. 2) These roads are constructed and maintained by Municipalities. 3) District roads run to a total length of 4, 67,763 kms. Estuary 1) Estuary is the mouth of a river where tidal effects are felt and salt and fresh water get mixed. 2) They are fertile and useful for agriculture. 2) They are useful for fishing. 3) Eg. Sunderbans and Cauvery Delta. 3) Eg. Estuary of Narmada and Tapti. Section - IV 47. Ramakrishna Mission 44. Battle of Buxar a) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was a priest in the a) The Battle of Buxar took place in Dakshineswar Kali Temple. b) Shah Alam II. b) Swami Vivekananda, the chief disciple of c) The Company acquired the civil rights of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. administration in Bengal. c) In 1893 at Chicago in USA. d) It marked the beginning of Company s formal d) Swami Vivekananda. rule in India. Section - V 45. Results of the First War 48. a) Industrial Revolution : a) It was on the fourteen points put forward by the a) Industrial Revolution in European countries President Woodrow Wilson the terms of the resulted in a great increase in production. treaties were formed. b) It created a great demand for raw materials and b) Germany surrendered Alsace and Lorraine to new markets in Asian and African continents. France. She also gave up the Saar valley to France c) They could not find market in Europe as they for a period of 15 years. followed Protective Trade Policy. c) Monarchy was abolished in Germany, Russia, d) It also introduced a great progress in the Austria and Turkey. means of transport and communication. d) New Republics of Czechoslovakia and Poland National security : were born. The sense of national security and self-sufficiency 46. The Secretariat among the European political groups instigated a) The administrative functions of the UNO are colonical imperialism. carried out by the Secretariat. Nationalism : b) It carries out the day to day works of the a) Many nations developed pride over their race, organization. culture and language and started feeling superior c) It implements the programmes and policies laid to other countries. down by the organs of the UNO. b) They felt that acquisition of colonies would enhance the prestige of their nations. d) Mr. Antonio Guterres from Portugal.

78 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper 525 c) Imperialism became the fashion of the age. d) The Europeans felt that it was White Man s burden to civilize the backward and uncivilized native people of Africa and Asia. This was vi) There many Indian prisoners were released and Subash Chandra Bose entered intocollaboration with the Japanese government. another cause for imperialism. Indian National Army : Balance of power : European Nations were forced to acquire new colonies to achieve a balance with their neighbours and competitors. Discovery of New routes : a) The discovery of new routes to African and Asian continents promoted the spirit of imperialism. b) The discovery of sea routes paved the way for the traders and soldiers to exploit the abundant wealth of the countries. i) ii) iii) iv) With these 20,000 soldiers he formed the Indian National Army of Indians. Subash Chandra Bose became the Supreme commander of the INA or Azad Hind Fauj Netaji s famous slogans were Jai Hind and Delhi Chalo. A women s regiment named after the Rani of Jhansi under Lakshmi from Tamil Nadu was formed. PART - II Growth of Population : 49. a) India and Pakistan : The population growth and its impactunemployment, forced the Europeans to emigrate in search of new lands and careers abroad. State of Anarchy : a) There was no international organization to enact i) ii) iii) In spite of past conflicts, India and Pakistan are trying to come closer. The Delhi-Lahore bus service was launched on March 16th This was launched mainly to bring the and enforce laws for nations to maintain peace people of the two countries closer. and security among countries before the First iv) Negotiations are taking place setting up World War. for Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipe line. b) This state of anarchy supported the colonial race. India and China : 48. b) i) Mussolini followed an aggressive Forward i) India was the first country to recognize Foreign Policy. China as a Republic in ii) He was determined to raise the prestige of ii) Both the countries have successfully attempted to restore the economic lines. Italy in the eyes of the world. iii) China has formally declared that she iii) Mussolini s slogan before the nation was, will support India s claim to become Italy must Expand or Perish. a permanent member of the Security iv) In 1936, he annexed Ethiopia. Council in the U.N.O. v) In 1937, he left the League of Nations. India and Sri Lanka : vi) In 1939, he captured Albania. i) From India, Buddhism spread to Sri vii) He made a common cause with another war monger Hitler. viii) He joined the Rome - Berlin - Tokyo axis. 48. c) Role of Subash Chandra Bose : ii) Lanka due to the efforts of Asoka, the Mauryan emperor. He spread the religion through his son and daughter. i) Subash Chandra Bose was popularly called iii) We have good trade relations with Sri ii) iii) Netaji. He inspired the youth to join the National Movement. He became the President of the Congress in iv) He started the Forward Bloc Party in v) When he went to Burma in 1942, Burma was captured by Japan. iv) Lanka. India always supports Sri Lanka on just and reasonable (Ãahakhd) grounds. v) The relationship between India and Sri Lanka is very smooth. India and Bangladesh : i) The then Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira Gandhi supported Bangladesh.

79 526 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper ii) She took all efforts for the freedom of Bangladesh from Pakistan. iii) Bangladesh attained freedom in iv) In 1972, a treaty was signed between India and Bangladesh. v) It was signed in Dacca to give effect for vi) a period of 25 years. It was a Treaty of Co-operation, Friendship and Peace. 49. b) Role of Opposition Parties : i) The Opposition Parties should play a constructive role. ii) The parties which do not get majority seats are called opposition parties. iii) The leader of the opposition party enjoys some privileges equivalent to that of a Cabine Minister. iv) The opposition party also functions in an effective manner. v) Their work is no less important than that of the ruling parties. vi) The Opposition parties keep a watch over the ruling party. vii) This helps them to check the government from becoming authoritarian. ii) Forests help to earn foreign exchange viii) The main duty of the opposition through exports of forest products. party is to criticize the policies of the iii) It helps in dairy farming and developing government. tourism. ix) Outside the Legislature the opposition parties attract the attention of the press. x) They report their criticism of the government policy in the newspapers. xi) The opposition parties have the right to check the expenditure of the government. 49. c) Art and Architecture : i) From ancient days India is famous for its Architectural unique. ii) Even today they are growing to suit the modern tasks. iii) The paintings of Ajanta and Ellora are World famous architectural marvels. iv) The Gandhara art and sculpture speak India s greatness in this field. v) Temple architecture is the best among Indian building architecture. vi) The North Indians go on a pilgrimage to the South Indian Temples, Churches and Dhargas. vii) In the same way the South Indians go on pilgrimage to the North Indian places like Kasi, Mathura, Haridwar and Rishikesh. viii) Thus, the holy centers bring unity among Indians. Music and Dance : i) The Carnatic style and Hindustani style of music are originated in India. ii) They are loved and learned by many. iii) Bharathnatya, Kuchipudi, Kathak, Manipuri and Oddisi are some of the famous dances of India. iv) There are various other folk dances. v) There are loved and patronized by people. vi) In many respects the rich and varied music and dance play on important part in fostering unity and integration. PART - III 50. a) Forests provide valuable timber for domestic and commercial use and raw materials for industries. i) It provides many products such as Lac, Gum, Resins, Tanning materials, Medicines, Herbs, Honey and Spices. iv) It controls air pollution, soil erosion, floods and land reclamation. v) It moderates climate, maintains underground water table and provides a natural habitat for animals and birds. vi) Forests meet 40% of energy needs of the country. 50. b) The acid rain affects the ecosystems by the following ways. i) The most basic microscopic organism such as plankton may not be able to survive. So the sea animals depending on planktons will die. ii) The food chain will be affected. iii) If ocean temperature increases, growth of coral reefs will be affected. iv) The corals control the proportion of carbondi-oxide. v) It turns the carbon dioxide in the water into lime shell.

80 Sura s X Std. Social Science v Model Question Paper 527 vi) Coral reefs grow in temperature just above 7. Application (G) : 10º Celsius. vii) Other ecosystems such as forest and desert also will be harmed. viii) Loss of biodiversity and extinction of rare species will occur. ix) They also change the acidity level of the soil. The final element of the remote sensing process is achieved by applying the extracted information for better understanding. 51. a) The National Income of a country can be calculated by the following three methods: a) Product Method x) It leaches crucial nutrients. b) Income Method xi) Thus its affects the forest vegetation also. c) Expenditure Method a) Product Method : 50. c) Processes involved in Remote Sensing In this method, the total value of all goods Technology: and services produced in a country is taken into account Energy Source (A) b) Income Method : Energy Recording Sunrays and by Sensor (D) Atmosphere (B) In this method, the income and payments received by all the people in the country Transmission Reception and are calculated. Sunrays and Processing (E) Earth Object (C) Interpretation and Analysis (F) c) Expenditure Method : In this method we add up the expenditure of all people on consumer goods, investment and savings. In India we use 1. Sun is a Energy Source (A) : Product Method and the Income Method As the energy travels from its source to the to arrive at National Income. target, it will come into contact with and also 51. b) a) (i) The economic reforms aimed at interact with the atmosphere it passes through. rapid industrialisation. (ii) As a result 2. Sun rays and Atmosphere (B) : industrial licensing was abolished, foreign i) As the energy travels from its source to the target, it will come into contact with investment was encouraged. (iii) Private and also interact with the atmosphere it sector and public sector worked together. passes through. (iv) Multinational companies like Nokia, ii) This interaction may take place a second Ford, Hyundai have made investments in time as the energy travels from the target India. (v) Small scale and cottage industries to the sensor. were allowed to expand. 3. Sun rays and Objection on Earth (C) : b) Economic reforms of 1991 are as i) Once energy makes its way to the target follows (i) Liberalisation (ii) Privatisation through atmosphere, it interacts with (iii) Globalisation the target. i) Liberalisation : ii) This depending on the properties such Liberalisation means movement towards as tone, texture, size, shape and patterns free market system. It is otherwise known of both the target and the radiation.. as withdrawal of regulation and restrictions 4. Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D) : for private sectors. After energy has been scattered or emitted ii) Privatisations : from the target, the sensor collects and records the electromagnetic radiation, transmission, Privatisation means transforming all reception and processing. economic activities from public sector to 5. Transmission, Reception and private sector. It also refers to the setting Processing (E) : up of private units in public utility services. i) The energy recorded by the sensor has iii) Globalisation : to be transmitted. Globalisation refers to a situation where ii) Here the data are processed into an a country draws raw materials from any image. source of the world to manufacture goods 6. Interpretation and Analysis (F) : and services. It is the linkage of nation s The processed image is interpreted visually or markets with global markets. digitally or electronically.