PERIOD six to Today

Transcription

1 PERIOD six 1914 to Today Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment Rapid advances in science altered understandings of the universe and the natural world and led to the development of new technologies. These changes enabled unprecedented popula9on growth, which altered how humans interacted with the environment and threatened delicate ecological balances at local, regional and global levels. Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and their Consequences At the beginning of the 20th century, a European- dominated global poli9cal order existed, which also included the United States, Russia and Japan. Over the course of the century, peoples and states around the world challenged this order in ways that sought to redistribute power within the exis9ng order and restructure empires, while those people and states in power afempted to maintain the status quo. Other peoples and states sought to overturn the poli9cal order itself. These challenges to and afempts to maintain the poli9cal order manifested themselves in an unprecedented level of conflict with high human casual9es. In the context of these conflicts, many regimes in both older and newer states struggled with maintaining poli9cal stability and were challenged by internal and external factors, including ethnic and religious conflicts, secessionist movements, territorial par99ons, economic dependency and the legacies of colonialism. Key Concept 6.3 New ConceptualizaCons of Global Economy, Society, and Culture The twen9eth century witnessed a great deal of warfare and the collapse of the global economy in the 1930s. In response to these challenges, the role of the state in the domes9c economy fluctuated new ins9tu9ons of global governance emerged and con9nued to develop throughout the century. Scien9fic breakthroughs, new technologies, increasing levels of integra9on, changing rela9onship between humans and the environment and the frequency of poli9cal conflict all contributed to global developments in which people craoed new understandings of society, culture, and historical interpreta9ons. These new understandings ooen manifested themselves in and were reinforced by new forms of cultural produc9on. Ins9tu9ons of global governance both shaped and adapted to these social condi9ons.

2 Thursday, March Friday March March IV A B Total War and its causes Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale. The First and Second World Wars were the first total wars. Governments used ideologies, including fascism, na9onalism, and communism, to mobilize all of their state s resources, including peoples and resources both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies. Governments also used a variety of strategies to mobilize these popula9ons, including poli9cal speeches, art, media, and intensified forms of na9onalism. Gurkha soldiers from India ANZAC troops from Australia The sources of global conflict in the first half of the century varied. imperialist expansion by European powers and Japan compe99on for resources economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression 6.3.I A C Responses to Economic Challenges of 20th Century: Communism States responded in a variety of ways to the economic challenges of the twen9eth century. In the Communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments directed the na9onal economies and oversaw the development of industry. Five Year Plans Great Leap Forward In newly independent states aoer World War II, governments ooen took on a strong role in guiding the economy to promote economic development. Nasser s promo9on of economic development in Egypt Encouragement of export- oriented economies in East Asia 6.2.IV C D Cold War and its proxy wars Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale. The global balance of economic and poli9cal power shioed aoer the end of the Second World War and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers which led to ideological struggles between capitalism and communism throughout the globe. The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact and promoted proxy wars in La9n America, Africa, and Asia. 2

3 Thursday March Friday March 10 UN Universal Declara.on of Human Rights (Google it) 6.3.I B D Responses to Economic Challenges of 20th Century: Mixed economies and Liberalism At the beginning of the century in the United States and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role in the na9onal economy. With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more ac9ve role in the economy. The New Deal John Maynard Keynes Fascist Corpora9st Economy At the end of the 20th century, many governments encouraged free market economic policies and promoted economic liberaliza9on USA under Ronald Reagan Britain under Margaret Thatcher China under Deng Xiaoping Chile under Pinochet 6.3.II A New InternaConal OrganizaCons States, communi9es, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of interna9onal organiza9ons. New interna9onal organiza9ons formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate interna9onal coopera9on. League of Na9ons United Na9ons Quiz over Period 6 Part A Spring Break 3

4 March Thursday, March II AnC- Imperialist movements led to new states Emerging ideologies of an9- imperialism contributed to the dissolu9on of empires and the restructuring of states. Na9onalist leaders and par9es in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule. Indian Na9onal Congress Ho Chi Minh Kwame Nkrumah Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Quebecois separa9st movement Biafra secession movement Transna9onal movements sought to unite people across na9onal boundaries. communism pan- Arabism pan- Africanism Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and La9n America, some9mes advoca9ng communism and socialism. 6.2.I Collapse of Empires Europe dominated the global poli9cal order at the beginning of the century, but both land- based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional poli9cal organiza9on by the century s end. The older land- based OFoman, Russian, and Qing Empires collapsed due to the combina9on of internal and external factors. poli9cal and social discontent technological stagna9on military defeat Some colonies nego9ated their independence. India Gold Coast (Ghana) Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle. Algeria from France Vietnam from France Angola from Portugal 4

5 Friday March March III A B Redrawing of boundaries, displacement, resexlement, migracon to metropole Poli9cal changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences. The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to popula9on reseflement. India/Pakistan Par99on Zionist Jewish seflement of Pales9ne division of the Middle East into mandatory states The migra9on of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles maintained cultural and economic 9es between colony and metropole even aoer the dissolu9on of empires. South Asians to Britain Algerians to France Filipinos to the USA 6.2.V Use of Violence and nonviolence Although conflict dominated much of the 20th century, many individuals and groups - - including states - - opposed this trend. Some individuals and groups, however, intensified the conflicts. Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century and some promoted nonviolence as a way to bring about change. Picasso s Guernica an9- nuclear movement during the Cold War Thich Quang Duc s self- immola9on Mohandas Gandhi Dr. Mar9n Luther King Jr. Nelson Mandela Groups and individuals opposed and promoted alterna9ves to the exis9ng economic, poli9cal, and social orders. An9- Apartheid Movement in South Africa Par9cipants in the global uprisings of 1968 The Tiananmen Square democracy protests in China Militaries and militarized states ooen responded to the prolifera9on of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict. promo9on of military dictatorship Chile Spain Uganda buildup of the military- industrial complex weapons trading More movements used violence against civilians to achieve poli9cal aims. Irish Republican Army (IRA) ETA (Basque Separa9sts) Al- Qaeda ISIS/ISIL 5

6 Thursday March McKay Friday March April III C Genocides Poli9cal changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences. The prolifera9on of conflicts led to the Holocaust during World War II and other forms of genocide and ethnic violence. Armenian Genocide in Turkey during and aoer World War I Cambodia during the late 1970s Rwandan Genocide in the 1990s Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia in the 1990s 6.3.II B InternaConal Economic InsCtuCons and Trade Agreements States, communi9es, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of interna9onal organiza9ons. Changing economic ins9tu9ons and regional trade agreements reflected the spread of principles and prac9ces associated with free- market economics throughout the world. interna9onal economic ins9tu9ons Interna9onal Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank World Trade Organiza9on (WTO) mul9na9onal corpora9ons (MNC) regional trade agreements European Economic Community (EEC) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Associa9on of SE Asian Na9ons (ASEAN) Mercosur (Argen9na, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) 6.1.II Environmental degradacon As the global popula9on expanded at an unprecedented rate, humans fundamentally changed their rela9onship with the environment. As human ac9vity contributed to deforesta9on, deser9fica9on, and increased consump9on of the world s supply of fresh water and clean air, humans competed over these and other resources more intensely than ever before. The release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants into the atmosphere contributed to debates about the nature and causes of climate change. 6

7 Thursday April Friday April 7 The Economist Ar9cle Bad Climate for Development K- Pop Ar9cles 6.1.I Green RevoluCon and technological advancements Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the development of new technology. New modes of communica9on and transporta9on virtually eliminated the problem of geographic distance. The Green Revolu+on produced food for the earth s growing popula9on as it spread chemically and gene9cally enhanced forms of agriculture. Medical innova9ons increased the ability of humans to survive and live longer lives. polio vaccine ar9ficial heart Energy technologies including the use of oil and nuclear power raised produc9vity and increased the produc9on of material goods. 6.3.II C Inequality caused by global integracon States, communi9es, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of interna9onal organiza9ons. Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integra9on Greenpeace Green Belt Movement in Kenya Earth Day 6.3 IV Popular and Consumer Culture became global. Reggae Bollywood World Cup Soccer The Olympics Rap Music Anime K- Pop 7

8 April Pollard Thursday April III Demographic ShiZs Disease, scien9fic innova9ons, and conflict led to demographic shios. Diseases associated with poverty persisted, while other diseases emerged as new epidemics and threats to human survival influenza epidemic Ebola HIV/AIDS In addi9on, changing lifestyles and increase longevity led to higher incidence of certain diseases. diabetes heart disease Alzheimer s disease More effec9ve forms of birth control gave women greater control over fer9lity and transformed sexual prac9ces. Improved military technology and new tac9cs led to increased levels of war9me casual9es. technologies: tanks, airplanes, atomic bomb tac9cs: trench warfare, guerrilla warfare, terrorism, firebombing examples: Nanjing, Dresden, Hiroshima & Nagasaki 6.3.III Race, Class, & Gender Issues States, communi9es, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of interna9onal organiza9ons. People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; rights- based discourses challenged old assump9ons about race, class, gender, and religion. In much of the world, access to educa9on, as well as par9cipa9on in new poli9cal and professional roles, became more inclusive in terms of race, class, and gender. right to vote and hold public office granted to women 1920 USA 1932 Brazil 1934 Turkey 1945 Japan 1947 India 1963 Morocco rise in female literacy increased numbers of women in higher educa9on US Civil Rights Act of 1965 end of Apartheid in South Africa Caste and reserva9on in the Indian Cons9tu9on of 1949 UN Declara9on of Human Rights Global feminist movements Negritude Movement Libera9on Theology in La9n America Islamic Renewal Movements in Egypt and Saudi Arabia 8

9 Good Friday April 18 Period Six Test Happy Easter! 9

10 AP World History Exam May 11 8:00 am 10