Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada. Section 12: The Second World War & Canada s Involvement Part 2

Transcription

1 Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Section 12: The Second World War & Canada s Involvement Part 2

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation found in your textbook The Second World War: Pages

3 Internment and work camps Just like WW1 the Canadian government rounded up Canadians that were considered enemy aliens people who may have been born in countries such as Germany, Italy and Japan In addition Prisoners of war (POWs) were kept in Canada during WW2 It was a horrible situation as even Canadians of Japanese decent were also interned even Canadians of Japanese decent that fought for Canada in WW1

4 Group of German, Italian and Japanese prisoners of war in prison camp, Sherbrooke, Québec Source: Canadian Encyclopedia Online. <

5 The prison ID of Siegfried Osterwoldt - German POW Source: Legion Magazine Online. <

6 Internment of Japanese Canadians In 1941 Japanese Canadians had to register themselves with the federal government declaring them enemy aliens The attack on Pearl Harbor ignited hostility against Japanese Canadians people accused Japanese Canadians of being spies Despite the fact that the RCMP didn t find evidence that Japanese Canadians were a risk for Canada s safety still pressure from British Columbia to do something about the Japanese threat By January 1942 all Japanese men were removed from B.C. s West Coast and kept in internment camps/road labour camps

7 Source: Britannica. <

8 American ship sinking after being hit by plan attack on Pearl Harbour December 7 th, 1941 Source: Britannica. <

9 Explosions rock the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, during the Japanese surprise air attack on Dec. 7, Source: Britannica. <

10 Photograph taken from a Japanese plane during the torpedo attack on ships moored on both sides of Ford Island shortly after the beginning of the Pearl Harbor attack - December 7 th, 1941 Source: Wikipedia.<

11 Internment of Japanese Canadians By late 1942 all Japanese Canadians were removed from the West coast and brought to the Slocan Valley in B.C. Horribly outfitted shacks were built, no financial support and barely any school for the children In addition, the Canadian government took control of Japanese Canadian property both land and personal possessions Possessions were sold off and some funds were kept and other were used to pay for the detainment of Japanese Canadians Basically Japanese Canadians lost their land, possessions, and had to pay for there own detainment in horrible conditions

12 Japanese Internment Camp Map Source: Masumi Hayashi Photography. <

13 Japanese-Canadians load into the back of trucks for relocation to camps in the interior of British Columbia 1942 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account.<

14 Japanese-Canadians relocate by train to camps in the interior of British Columbia Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account.<

15 Sutekichi Miyagawa's family and house, Kamloops Road, Vernon, British Columbia May, 1941 Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account.<

16 Japanese-Canadian women and children prepare a meal in the community kitchen at Greenwood internment camp, British Columbia Source: Library and Archives Canada Flickr account.<

17 Japanese-Canadians are sent to Japan on U.S. Army transport S.S. GENERAL M.C. MEIGS at CPR Pier A, Vancouver, British Columbia Source: Library & Archives Canada Flickr account.<

18 Womens contribution to the war effort Women were relied on during WW2 in different ways Women played a large role on the homefront effort (including but not limited to) helping with salvaging materials, organizing rationing of goods and involvement in war relief clubs and welcoming wartime refugees in Canada Overseas women also played important roles military nurses, the Canadian women s Army Corps, Women s Royal Canadian Naval Service and the woman s Division of the Royal Canadian Air Force

19 Womens contribution to the war effort The Canadian Women s Army Corps (CWAC) Women that were part of the CWAC did not fight alongside of men on the battlefield The CWAC took care of behind the scenes (including but not limited to): Clerical work as part of the National defence Headquarters Army nurses Medical/dental assistants Car/ truck/ jeep / ambulance driving Mechanics Radar operators Laundry Cooking

20 Womens contribution to the war effort The Canadian Women s Army Corps (CWAC) Unfortunately: sexism and prejudices were part of he life of a woman involved with the CWAC Lower pay than male counterparts Civilian hostility towards CWAC members belief that women should not be involved in the military but rather in the home Towards the end of the war 21,624 were a part of the CWAC (636 officers higher ranking) Women in the CWAC during WW2 proved that women could hold place in the Canadian military and this paved the way for women being integrated into combat units later on in time

21 CWAC personnel disembarking from a troopship at Naples, Italy - June 22, 1944 Source: Library & Archives Canada.<

22 CWAC personnel taking part in a firefighting exercise, London, England February 28, 1943 Source: Library & Archives Canada.<

23 Pte. Helen Brymer, CWAC, watching Pte. Dorothy Lowry check the battery of her vehicle at the Chelsea & Cricklewood garage, England July 7, 1944 Source: Library & Archies Canada Flickr account. <

24 CWAC member conducting tests as part of the Respiratory Disease Control Program, Camp Borden, Ontario - February-March 1944 Source: Library & Archives Canada Flickr account:. <

25 Womens contribution to the war effort Around 1942 like WW1 shortage of male labour in factories and other areas of work in Canada Factories that supplied Canadian soldiers with military equipment Men were off to war women filled in to work in the factories and other areas of labour It is estimated that 265,000 women worked in manufacturing between 1942 and the end of the war in 1945 Women working in manufacturing earned less money than men even after the war Some women kept these jobs after the war although, many were laid off to give returning soldiers jobs

26 Left: A woman named Veronica Foster AKA Canada s Bren Gun Girl Veronica Foster was often times compared to the famous fictional character Rosie The Riveter as seen in the American WW2 propaganda poster on the right Source: Wikipedia. < Source: Target. <

27 Ajax Bomb Girls Women in Ajax, Ontario making large calibre ammunitions Source: The Canadian Legion Magazine. <

28 Female loggers ( lumberjills') in the Queen Charlotte Islands, BC. April Source: Library and Archives Canada. <

29 Resistance of the Nazi regime There were organized and unorganized ways that people within Germany and other countries annexed by Germany could resist the nazis Helping Jewish people escape or hide Not going along with nazi policies Using counter nazi propaganda Providing information to the Allied countries regarding Germany military operations Partisan actions sabotaging German military operations

30 Resistance of the Nazi regime Helping Jewish people escape or hide Denmark 1943 Danes organized a rescue operation sending Jewish people to neutral Sweden 7000 Jewish people and around 700 non- Jewish relatives were sent to Sweden Government, police and resistance fighters in Denmark all helped in this effort

31 Source: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <

32 Resistance of the Nazi regime Not going along with nazi policies August Landmesser a non-jewish German man that married a Jewish German woman, Irma Eckler Despite laws in Germany that prohibited Germans from marrying Jewish people They had two children the family was broken up when Irma and August were sent to separate camps Irma died in the camp and August was sent to fight for Germany despite his clear distain for the nazis Famous photograph of August in the crowd of nazi supporters August DID NOT give the salut

33 August Landmesser refuses to give nazi salute during a rally June 13 th, 1936 Source: Wikipedia. <

34 Resistance of the Nazi regime Using counter nazi propaganda The White Rose resistance group run by brother and sister Hans and Sophie Scholl Students in Munich Germany handed out anti-nazi propaganda at the University of Munich The leaflet declares that "The day of reckoning has come, the reckoning of German youth with the most abominable tyranny that our people have ever suffered." (Source: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum) Hans and Sophie were reported to the Gestapo and were sentenced to death February 22 nd, 1943

35 Hans Scholl (left), Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst, leaders of the White Rose resistance organization Munich, 1942 Source: The Jewish Virtual Library.<

36 Resistance of the Nazi regime Partisan actions sabotaging German military operations Partisans Mainly Jewish fighters that were not directly connected to the Allies these people would sabotage German military operations A lot of the time these partisan groups would derail German trains carrying troops and/or supplies Life as a partisan fighter was tough: Always on the move Lack of resources like food No shelter

37 A group of Jewish partisans in the Rudniki forest, near Vilna in modern day Lithuania between 1942 and Source: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.<

38 Group portrait of a Jewish French underground group named "Compagnie Reiman." This photograph was taken after the liberation of France. Paris, France, 1945 Source: The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.<

39 Canadian military operations Canadian soldiers fought in both Europe and in the Pacific in many different countries Here are some important aspects of Canadian involvement in WW2: The Italian campaign from July February ,264 Canadian casualties Dieppe, France Raid August 19 th, ,963 soldiers participated 916 die, 1,950 taken prisoner The liberation of the Netherlands The battle of Scheldt in 1943 more than 6,000 Canadian soldiers die D-Day June 6 th, 1944 Allied troops stormed the shores of France (Normandy) 340 Canadians killed on that day 5,000 would die in subsequent battles in France

40 Canadian Participation in both World Wars Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 182

41 Personnel of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry advancing past a 'Sherman' tank Source: Department of National Defence / Library and Archives Canada / PA

42 Three men of the Canadian Infantry Brigade preparing to send a hand grenade into a sniper's hideout. 23 Oct. 1943/Campochiaro, Italy Source: Department of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

43 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry patrol walking up main street. July 1943/Agira, Italy Source: Library and Archives Canada/PA

44 Ruins of the coliseum and castle, 21 May 1944/Cassino, Italy Source: Department of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

45 Wounded being unloaded from Terrapin, Scheldt pocket embarkation point, West of Terneuzen. 13 Oct / Netherlands Source: Dept. of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

46 "D" Troops of the Black Watch of Canada crossing the Regge River near Ommen, Netherlands. 10 April 1945 Source:Dept. of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

47 Troops of the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade (Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry Highlanders) going ashore from LCI (L) 299 [Landing Craft Infantry], Bernières-sur-Mer, Normandy, France, 6 June Source: Dept. of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

48 Canadian tank crews removing water-proofing from their tanks, Normandy beachhead. June 6, 1944 Source: Dept. of National Defence / Library and Archives Canada / PA

49 German personnel captured on D-Day embarking for England Source: Dept. of National Defence / Library and Archives Canada / PA

50 Canadian troops entering Caen, France, July 10, 1944 Source: Dept. of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA

51 The end of WW2 By August of 1943 Leaders of the Allied countries met to discuss the large scale military operation named Operation Overlord or as many people know as D-Day British, Canadian and American soldiers would land in Normandy, France on June 6 th, 1944 By boat and by air this was a surprise attack Germans were prepared Canadians landed on the beaches of Normandy Juno Beach This operation was one of the moments that started to turn the tide of WW2 German troops gradually retreated towards Germany after this operation ending the war End of WW2 in Europe V.E. Day May 8 th, 1945 End of war with Japan V.P. Day August 15 th, 1945

52 Map of Europe Source: Geology.com.<

53 Map of Europe focus on England and France Source: The Independent. <

54 Operation Overlord map Source: Daily Mail. <

55 Operation Overlord map Source: World War 2 Live. <

56 The Quebec provincial government during WW2 As discussed the Union Nationale government (Maurice Duplessis) was voted out of office in Quebec in 1939 (Notes 2. 10) Replaced by The Quebec Liberal Party lead by Adelard Godbout Both Duplessis and Godbout were ANTI- CONSCRIPTION Godbout even made the promise that he would resign if the federal government implemented conscription However WW2 saw increased cooperation between the Quebec provincial government and the Canadian federal government

57 The Quebec provincial government during WW2 Some deal made between the federal and provincial government include: Levied income taxes from Quebec to the federal government 1942 Unemployment insurance program created by the federal government which could be used in Quebec 1944 Family allowance program 1944 Opposition to the Liberal government Duplessis did not like that the Canadian government involved itself in Quebec affairs Duplessis wanted less involvement of the federal government

58 Left: Percentages of taxes levies by different levels of government Right: Measures taken by Godbout Liberals Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page

59 The Quebec provincial government during WW2 Asides from cooperation with the federal government the Quebec Liberal Party lead by Godbout also established reforms within Quebec Godbout wanted to start to modernize Quebec: Godbout wanted Quebec to have more control over hydroelectricity creation of Hydro- Quebec in 1944 Quebec bought Montreal Light, Heat & Power 1940 granted women the right to vote in Quebec provincial elections and to run for political office 1943 Law making schooling compulsory until the age of 14 Hydro Quebec logo Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 188

60 The Quebec provincial government during WW2 By 1944 the Union Nationale government was back in power in Quebec How??? Godbout DID NOT resign when the federal government implemented conscription Duplessis called out Godbout and in 1944 the Quebec Liberal Party was voted out The Union Nationale Party would remain in power in Quebec for just about 16 years

61 Connections to the Precisions of Learning