Chapter : The Modernization of Quebec & the Quiet Revolution Section 1: Quebec Society under the Duplessis Government ( ) Part 2

Transcription

1 Chapter : The Modernization of Quebec & the Quiet Revolution Section 1: Quebec Society under the Duplessis Government ( ) Part 2

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation Quebec Society under the Duplessis Government: Pages

3 Immigration from In 1945 after WW2 immigrants from Western Europe and the United States were favored over immigrants from other parts of the world Canada welcomed immigrants from the United Kingdom Italy, Germany, Austria, France, Hungary and Greece Many immigrants from Germany, Austria, France and Hungary were Jewish From Quebec sees approximately 400,000 new immigrants Many immigrants would arrive at Canada s immigration office in Halifax Pier 21 Immigrants would then move on to other cities in Canada like Montreal

4 Immigration from Immigration ship arrives at Halifax s Pier 21 from Germany Source: Library and Archives Canada. <

5 Immigration from Sign outside Halifax s Pier 21 welcoming immigrants Source: Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21. <

6 Immigration from Immigration officer examining newly arrived immigrants at Halifax s Pier Source: Library and Archives Canada.<

7 Immigration from Immigrant children arrive at Halifax s Pier 21 in 1952 Source: Library and Archives Canada.<

8 Immigration from Hungarian immigrants arrive at Dorval Airport in 1956 Source: Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21. <

9 Immigration from Top Right: Photograph of Vincenz & Kristina Bogatin on a train leaving Halifax 1949 Bottom Left: Vincenz s Immigration Identification card Source: Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21. < Source: Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21. <

10 Indigenous Communities After WW2 Indigenous children were still being sent to residential schools as part of a system to assimilate them Canada & Quebec s need for natural resources also disrupted the way of life of many indigenous communities pushed of traditional lands for the exploitation of natural resources

11 Indigenous Communities : Residential schools By 1951 residential schools were questioned too costly (despite the horrible conditions and lack of necessities faced by the children) In 1951 the Indian Act was amended (changed) provinces could allow First Nations children to be educated at provincial schools However the provincial government opened even more residential schools in Quebec Amos, La Tuque, Sept- Iles

12 Indigenous Communities : Residential schools St. Anthony s Residential School- Onion Lake, Sask Source: Library and Archives Canada. <

13 Indigenous Communities : Residential schools Boys working in a carpentry shop in a residential school in Kamloops, B.C Source: Library and Archives Canada. <

14 Indigenous Communities : Residential schools In Quebec residential schools continued to be operated by religious orders Academics were connected with religion and teachers recruited to teach were poorly trained Practical training included carpentry and shoemaking for boys and sewing/domestic work for girls this was unpaid labour that benefitted the school/religious orders and NOT the children By 1969 residential schools became secular (run by the government)

15 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec The heightened tensions of the Cold War and the need for maritime (sea) shipping routes in the arctic Canada wanted to assert its sovereignty in the arctic region Sovereignty = 1 country/state has the independence and power to make the decisions for a given region The government of Canada wanted to make sure Canada held control over Arctic shipping lanes and needed people to occupy territory next to these lanes

16 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec In order to achieve this the Canadian government forcibly relocated Inuit from Quebec to islands in Canada s High Arctic (about 2000km away) Ellesmere, Resolute and Cornwallis Islands This was called the High Arctic Relocation The Inuit relocated to these islands were not used to the extreme temperatures or wildlife They were not provided with enough resources to properly survive

17 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec High Arctic Relocation Source: Wikipedia.<

18 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec High Arctic Relocation Source: Google Maps

19 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec In 1989 the Candian government offered to bring back Inuit from the islands in the High Arctic many chose to remain In 2010 The Candian government issued an official apology (this was almost 60 years later ) Resolute Bay in 1997 Grise Fjord in 2011 & monument to first Inuit relocated on Grise fjord

20 Indigenous Communities : Inuit Communities in Quebec The federal government also opened medical/educational facilities in Northern Quebec to assist Inuit communities eventually taken over by the Quebec provincial government By 1970 The Inuit took control of education leading to the creation of Inuit school boards such as the Kativik School Board in 1975

21 Indigenous Communities : Exploitation of Natural Resources The Cote Nord and Nouveau Quebec regions were being exploited due to the many natural resource found in these regions The establishment of mines (and surrounding towns) and flooding due to hydro electric dams destroyed traditional hunting areas and disrupted sometimes delicate ecosystems relied on by many Indigenous people This will continue to be an issue moving forward in Quebec's history

22 Indigenous Communities : The Right to Vote for Indigenous People in Canada After Canadian Confederation in 1867 Indigenous men had the right to vote IF they renounced their Indian status many Indigenous men refused By 1960 the federal government granted Indigenous people in Canada the right to vote One of the first federal votes that allowed Indigenous people in Canada to vote - Rice Lake Band near Peterborough, ON Source: Canadian Encyclopedia Online.<

23 The End of the Great Darkness in Quebec Maurice Duplessis died on September 7 th, 1959 Control of the Union National Party was passed over to a man named Paul Sauvé Sauvé moved away from the traditional ideas of Duplessis Sauvé wanted to modernize Quebec and within 4 months, he passed 66 measures that would push to modernize Quebec such as increased funding for education and the negotiation of federal grants for universities in Quebec Sauvé's actions kick started the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s Paul Sauvé Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 223

24 Other important events from : The St. Lawrence Seaway Construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway both Canada and the USA were involved A direct route to and from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean A series of canals, locks and widened portions allowed large ships to travel this route (minute4:30 in video) This project began in the early 1950s and was completed in 1959 additions have been made since The need for transport into the continent was great many manufacturing cities in the heart of the USA (Milwaukee, Cleveland, St. Louis) Raw materials could be shipped to these cities and finished products could be exported from these cities St. Lawrence Seaway radar map

25 Other important events from : The St. Lawrence seaway Map of the St. Lawrence Seaway & Diagram of the elevations within the Seaway

26 Other important events from : The St. Lawrence seaway Construction of the St. Lambert Locks (South of Montreal). Mid 1950s Source: Legion Magazine.<

27 Other important events from : Newfoundland joins Canada in 1949 April 1 st, 1949 Newfoundland joins the Canadian federation Newfoundland was a dominion of the British Empire before that A referendum was held join Canada, full self government or British Rule The choices of joining Canada and self government were very close this lead to a second referendum The choice of joining Canada won in the second referendum (52.34% to 47.66%)

28 Other important events from : Newfoundland joins Canada in 1949 Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 205

29 Other important events from : Newfoundland joins Canada in 1949

30 Other important events from : The Adoption of the Fleurdelisé flag In 1948 members within the Quebec provincial government were unhappy with the Red Ensign flag being used in Quebec With some debate between Maurice Duplessis and other members of the Quebec government the Quebec Fleurdelisé flag was adopted The Carillon Flag was flown January 21st, 1948 until the Fleurdelisé flag we know today was flown on February 2 nd, 1948 The action of adopting a true Quebec flag was symbolic Quebec was asserting its own independence within Canada

31 Other important events from : The Adoption of the Fleurdelisé flag Source: Wikipedia.< Source: Wikipedia.< Top/Bottom Left: Carillon Flag used before the official Fleurdelisé flag (top Right) Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 211

32 Other important events from : The Maurice Richard Riots March 16 th, 1955 Maurice Richard the Montreal Canadiens star player was suspended after an on ice incident in Boston Richard was suspended for the rest of the season by Clarence Campbell NHL president Many French Canadian fans saw this suspension as an injustice committee by Anglophone elites This was representative of the relationships between French Canadian workers and Anglo business owners The next day in Montreal a game against Detroit Clarence Campbell actually attended the game Fans threw shoes, food, pennies at Campbell Eventually a tear gas grenade was let loose and the riots began spilling into the streets of Montreal

33 Other important events from : The Maurice Richard Riots Riots begin in the Montreal Forum March 17 th, 1955 Source: The Hockey News: <

34 Other important events from : The Maurice Richard Riots Crowds gather outside the Montreal Forum March 17 th, 1955 Source: Puckstruck Blog.<

35 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

36 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

37 Connections to the Precisions of Learning

38 Connections to the Precisions of Learning