Chapter 6, Lesson 1 Physical Geography of Canada

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1 Chapter 6, Lesson 1 Physical Geography of Canada

2 Canada 10 provinces (like states) & 3 territories 5 Regions o Maritime Provinces o Quebec & Ontario o Prairie Provinces o British Columbia o Northern Territories

3 The Physical Landscape of Canada The Effect of Glaciers o 1000s of years ago, huge sheets of ice covered most of Canada

4 The Physical Landscape of Canada Glaciers created: o Many lakes o the Canadian Shield (exposed bedrock near the Hudson Bay) o Tundra frozen treeless plains

5 The Physical Regions of Canada Maritime (Atlantic) Provinces (Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador) o Appalachian & Laurentian Highlands Farmland in valleys, forests, rocky coastlines o Industries: fishing, manufacturing, shipping, mining, tourism

6 The Physical Regions of Canada Ontario & Quebec o Fertile lowlands for farming o Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Seaway, major water route to the Atlantic Locks & canals move grain & natural resources from inland Fishing industry on the Great Lakes o Major urban industrial, financial, government center Ottawa, Ontario, is Canada s capital o Most populated region of Canada

7 The Physical Regions of Canada Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta) o Prairie rolling grassland with fertile soil for grain fields & cattle grazing o Oil & natural gas production

8 The Physical Regions of Canada British Columbia o Rocky & Coast Mountains form a cordillera - group of mountain ranges that run side by side o Industries: timber (for paper production), mining, fishing (salmon!) & tourism

9 The Physical Regions of Canada The Northern Lands (Nunavut, Northwest & Yukon Territories) o border the Arctic Ocean o A plain bordered by mountains on the west & the Shield on the east subarctic & tundra climate flat, treeless, & permanently frozen ground

10 Chapter 6, Lesson 2 History of Canada

11 The First Nations of Canada As the ice sheets over Canada melted, aboriginal (native) people came from Asia to settle. o Some were nomadic and others formed permanent settlements to hunt, farm, & fish o Inuit of the Far North survived the difficult conditions, hunted caribou, seals, & whales

12 Exploration & Settlement AD 1000 Vikings explored & lived in Newfoundland, but left shortly after their arrival

13 Exploration & Settlement 1530s - Explorer Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River for France & helped establish New France (present-day Quebec). ofrench beaver fur traders, farmers, & priests settled there

14 1763: Britain takes control of Canada s: The British began to compete in the fur trade Britain & France fought for control of Canadian land omany First Nations were killed by disease & war obritain took control of Canada in 1763

15 Canada Grows & Unites 1867 formed the Dominion of Canada its own government, but G.B. made foreign policy & military decisions 1931: Canadian independence o Still part of the British Commonwealth - Queen Elizabeth II is their symbolic ruler Canada s population grew due to immigration Canada s economy boomed & modernized after World War II

16 Chapter 6, Lesson 3 Life in Canada

17 Canada s Population: 35 million

18 Canada: A Multicultural Country Mostly British & French ancestry First Nations (Native Canadians) 554,000 (41,000 Inuit) o 1999: Nunavut territory was created, granting the First Nations autonomy - self-government Immigrants Europe & Asia

19 Canada s Government Parliamentary democracy o Voters elect reps to a lawmaking group called Parliament Prime Minister o Elected by reps to run the government o PM Justin Trudeau à

20 Major Cities Toronto, Ontario - largest city & a major economic center and port Montreal, Quebec - 2nd-largest city & economic center of Quebec The western cities & rural areas of Canada are less populated.

21 Economics in Canada Modern economy with rich farmland, natural resources, & skilled workers Free enterprise National healthcare Public utilities are heavily regulated The government is trying to deal with environmental challenges. o Climate change, use of fossil fuels, acid rain

22 North American Trade Agreements (NAFTA & new USMCA) There are few trade restrictions between Canada, the US, & Mexico o Why could this be good? o Why could this be bad? The US buys 85% of Canada s exports!

23 Diverse Population of Canada Difficult to communicate & travel throughout Canada o Most Canadians live within 100 miles of the US border. Why would this make national unity difficult?

24 A Challenge to Unity: French Quebec Many living in Quebec are of French descent 2 official languages (bilingualism) o French & English Separatism - the desire to make Quebec an independent country o Do you think Quebec should be allowed to secede (withdraw) from Canada?

25 Canada s Culture Diverse ethnic groups, food Outdoor sports hockey, skiing, skating, curling, snowboarding Pro football, hockey, & baseball

26 US & Canada Connections We share culture: o TV & radio programs o Baseball & hockey leagues

27 Canada Overlooked? Canadians know what s going on in the US Do we know what s going on in Canada?? We want Canada to be something more than this continent s attic. Mordecai Richler Living next to you is in some ways like sleeping [next to] an elephant. No matter how friendly and eventempered is the beast one is affected by every twitch and grunt. - Former Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau

28 Canada s Connections with the World Trades with countries in Pacific & Atlantic A Middle Power - joins with other countries to achieve common goals & keep peace Part of the Commonwealth of Nations o Former British colonies that work together

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