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1 Name: Group: 404- Date: Notes 3.1 Chapter 3: : The Modernization of Quebec & the Quiet Revolution Section 1: Quebec Society under the Duplessis Government ( ) Part 2 Pages that correspond to this presentation Quebec Society under the Duplessis Government: Pages In 1945 after WW2 immigrants from were favored over immigrants from other parts of the world Canada welcomed immigrants from the, Germany, Austria, France, and Greece Many immigrants from Germany, Austria, France and Hungary were Jewish From Quebec sees approximately 400,000 new immigrants Many immigrants would arrive at Canada s immigration office in Halifax Immigrants would then move on to other in Canada like Montreal After WW2 Indigenous children were still being sent to as part of a system to assimilate them Canada & Quebec s need for natural resources also disrupted the way of life of many indigenous communities pushed of traditional lands for the exploitation of natural resources History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 1

2 By residential schools were questioned too costly (despite the horrible conditions and lack of necessities faced by the children) In 1951 the (changed) provinces could allow First Nations children to be educated at provincial schools However the provincial government opened even more residential schools in Quebec Amos, La Tuque, Sept- Iles In Quebec residential schools continued to be operated by were connected with and teachers recruited to teach were poorly trained included carpentry and shoemaking for boys and sewing/domestic work for girls this was unpaid labour that benefitted the school/religious orders and NOT the children By 1969 residential schools became secular (run by the government) Indigenous Communities : The heightened tensions of the and the need for (sea) routes in the arctic Canada wanted to assert its sovereignty in the arctic region = 1 country/state has the independence and power to make the decisions for a given region The government of Canada wanted to make sure Canada held over Arctic shipping lanes and needed people to occupy territory next to these lanes In order to achieve this the Canadian government Inuit from Quebec to islands in Canada s High Arctic (about 2000km away) Ellesmere, Resolute and Cornwallis Islands This was called the The Inuit relocated to these islands were not used to the extreme temperatures or wildlife They were not provided with enough resources to properly survive History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 2

3 In 1989 the Candian government offered to bring back Inuit from the islands in the High Arctic many chose to remain In 2010 The Candian government issued an official apology (this was almost 60 years later ) The federal government also opened in Northern Quebec to assist Inuit communities eventually taken over by the Quebec provincial government By The Inuit took control of education leading to the creation of Inuit school boards such as the Kativik School Board in 1975 Indigenous Communities : The Cote Nord and Nouveau Quebec regions were being exploited due to the many natural resource found in these regions The establishment of (and surrounding towns) and due to hydro electric dams areas and disrupted sometimes delicate ecosystems relied on by many Indigenous people This will continue to be an issue moving forward in Quebec's history Indigenous Communities : After Canadian Confederation in 1867 Indigenous men had the right to vote IF they renounced their Indian status many Indigenous men refused By the federal government granted Indigenous people in Canada the right to vote History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 3

4 Maurice Duplessis died on September 7 th, 1959 Control of the Union National Party was passed over to a man named Sauvé moved away from the traditional ideas of Duplessis Sauvé wanted to modernize Quebec and within 4 months, he passed 66 measures that would push to Quebec such as increased funding for education and the negotiation of federal grants for universities in Quebec Sauvé's actions kick started the of the 1960s Other important events from : - Construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway both Canada and the USA were involved A to and from the A series of canals, locks and widened portions allowed large this route (minute4:30 in video) This project began in the early 1950s and was completed in 1959 additions have been made since The need for transport into the continent was great many manufacturing cities in the heart of the USA (Milwaukee, Cleveland, St. Louis) could be shipped to these cities and could be from these cities St. Lawrence Seaway radar map History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 4

5 Other important events from : Newfoundland joins the Canadian federation Newfoundland was a dominion of the British Empire before that A was held join Canada, full self government or British Rule The choices of joining Canada and self government were very close this lead to a second referendum The choice of joining Canada won in the second referendum (52.34% to 47.66%) Other important events from : In members within the Quebec provincial government were unhappy with the Red Ensign flag being used in Quebec With some debate between Maurice Duplessis and other members of the Quebec government the Quebec Fleurdelisé flag was adopted The Flag was flown January 21st, 1948 until the Fleurdelisé flag we know today was flown on February 2 nd, 1948 The action of adopting a true Quebec flag was Quebec was asserting its own independence within Canada Other important events from : The Maurice Richard Riots March 16 th, 1955 the Montreal Canadiens star player was suspended after an on ice incident in Boston Richard was suspended for the rest of the season by NHL president Many French Canadian fans saw this as an injustice committee by Anglophone elites This was representative of the relationships between French Canadian workers and Anglo business owners History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 5

6 The next day in Montreal a game against Detroit Clarence Campbell actually attended the game Fans threw shoes, food, pennies at Campbell Eventually a - grenade was let loose and the riots began spilling into the streets of Montreal History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 6