Social Studies 20-2 Related Issue #1 - Should nation be the foundation of identity?

Transcription

1 Social Studies 20-2 Related Issue #1 - Should nation be the foundation of identity? Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism Chapter Issue: How do external and internal factors shape nationalism? *What are some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people responded to some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people in Canada responded to some factors that shape nationalism? Name:

2 Related Issue #1: Should nation be the foundation of identity? Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism: Chapter Issue: How do external and internal factors shape nationalism? What Are Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 42-50) Begin by looking at the picture, Figure 2-1 on page 40. Also examine the cartoon on page 40 and read the subsequent items on page 41. The French Revolution Many historians believe that the French Revolution, which started in 1789, was an important turning point in the history of European nationalism. Revolution: What are the 5 points used to describe a revolution? Republic: What are the 5 points used to describe a republic? As a result of the French revolution, the people eventually changed France from an absolute monarch - a country ruled by an all-powerful king - to a republic. The government of a republic is supposed to act in the interests of all citizens, not just those who are wealthy and powerful. Before the revolution, many French people were loyal - faithful and devoted - to the King. He represented their nation. He alone had the right to decide what happened to the people. But during the revolution, more and more people began to believe that THEY were the nation and should make their OWN decisions. They rejected the idea that a King should make or have the final say on all the decisions. Revolutions like the one in France change the way people think about themselves and their national identity. These changes are often shaped by external factors - outside events and ideas. These external factors can be historical, social, economic, geographic, and political. And all of these external factors influence each other - they do not exist in isolation - not one can stand alone.

3 We will read about the five external factors that help shape nationalism on page 43 to page 50. Under each heading below, please jot down some important points and examples that you feel how each of these factors influence nationalism. Historical Factors (page 43) *a single event can capture a people s and inspire them to take - the Storming of the * Bastille was a large in a poor part of * King could imprison or kill anyone who spoke out against him * July 14th 1789, angry Parisians stormed the Bastille and captured the prison, set prisoners free * people across to take action against the King and against local * the Storming of the Bastille entered people s social consciousness and became a defining in their * the Storming of the Bastille is a part of a French national, every July, Bastille Day is celebrated as a national holiday * importance of the Storming of the Bastille - reminds people everywhere that citizens can start a chain of that can lead to great Social Factors (Pages 44-45) *social factors refer to the among people in a society - these factors influence the way people from various groups interact with one another *some societies, people s roles are before they are, as was the case in France the Revolution *peasants, labourers, middle class ( ), aristocrats ( ), clergy, monarchy were all the different groups among society *in the 1700 s, France and Paris was one of the centres of Europe - people discussed in cafes the days events and the new about individual rights and - also discussed the treatment of King Louis XVI, the aristocrats, and the ruling members of the *they resented having no in government in France *knew that had a parliament, and the monarch have absolute power - power was limited by a constitution *also knew colonies had rebelled and formed their own independent country in 1783 *freedom of was not guaranteed in France in the 1700 s * to speak against the King or aristocrats was to speak against the - royal police regularly threw people in *despite danger, people still would their ideas in books, pamphlets, *Voltaire - I may disagree with what you have to say but I will defend to the death your right to say it

4 *bourgeoisie - growing as factory owners, etc., became educated and new ideas about liberty and ; bourgeoisie were also becoming more aware that they were MOST of the taxes that enabled the King and nobility to live in great Economic Factors (Page 46) *during the 1700 s French Kings were almost constantly at with other European countries and not doing very well - they were exhausted by the 1780 s * was embarrassingly expensive to *to raise money, King Louis XVI decided to taxes and this time he was going to the aristocrats - aristocrats blocked Louis s plan *Louis XVI panicked and called the ESTATES, a highly unfair version of a parliament, and a parliament that HAD NOT been summoned in more than years *Estates met and voted, the of each estate was expressed as a vote Estate = 300 members Second Estate = members Estate = members *this vote always meant that the 3rd Estate was always 2:1 *on the 20th of June, members of the Third Estate, as well as some who had joined them, tried to meet but they were locked out of their hall - they suspected the had them locked out *they rushed to a nearby indoor tennis court, declared themselves the National and swore the *they said they were the group that represented the, and they vowed to stay put until they had created a CONSTITUTION that set out EQUAL RIGHTS for all *at the same time, news that Louis XVI was gathering for an was spreading *these 2 events inspired Parisians to attack the Bastille a few days later in their search for powder to the attacking troops *people in other parts of began to stand up against the aristocrats and clergy who had them for so long *the REVOLUTION had Geographic Factors (Page 48) *in, Louis XVI was worried about paying for his lifestyle; some bourgeoisie were worried about how to gain power in ; some high-ranking clergy and aristocrats were worried about losing ; but many French peasants/labourers were worried about the

5 * a bad in 1788 coupled with a bitterly cold winter and then flooding, followed by a destroyed crops throughout much of France and created a and flour shortage, so prices *higher prices meant that people who were and heavily taxed could not to feed their families *for many in France, was their main source of diet and had previously been fought over bread prices rising to high *people of France believed that it was the of those who governed to keep the price of bread *by October, people had become desperate - no bread was now for in Paris *the of Paris made a statement - morning of October 5th, crowds of women gathered in Paris and set out for the walk to Versailles to demand the King to give them bread to feed their families *when the women got to Versailles, they demanded bread but ALSO that the King and his family with them to Paris to make sure that the king kept his to help them *the King and moved to the Tuilleries Palace in Paris to return to Versailles again Political Factors (Pages 49-50) *Many people in France did not feel a national identity in the months leading up to the revolution - the differences between the 1st and 2nd Estate vs the 3rd Estate created a vs. scenario * the late of 1789, the new National Assembly had created a document called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - declaration took away the of the King, clergy, aristocrats and said that the role of govt is to preserve the of the people *these ideas worried monarchs in countries surrounding France, worried them that these ideas may to their people - forces were sent to invade France and King Louis XVI s powers, but France s revolutionary forces successfully fought off the invaders *in response to the threats from neighbouring countries trying to re-establish Louis XVI as the leader of France, the revolutionary leaders Louis XVI in early 1793 *revolutionary leaders then began a crackdown by anyone suspected of being sympathetic to the monarchy known as the Reign of Terror - which lasted about 11 months - one of the victims was Queen Marie Antoinette, executed in October 1793 *200,000 were arrested during the, 17,000 killed (more like 40,000) by guillotine *reasons for people to die: aristocrats or people that expressed for the King; others were killed because they did not with the revolutionary leaders

6 *Olympe de Gouges was executed because SHE expressed her views, in 1791, she challenged the ideals set out in the Declaration of the Rights of Man - pointed out the declaration did not include women - and wrote a pamphlet titled The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen to correct what she viewed as injustice - this was enough to send her to the guillotine in 1793 How Have People Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 51-54) If a Canadian does something that is good, such as an athlete, a community leader, a musician, or an actor, do you take pride in their achievements and does it inspire you to fell a greater sense of national identity and pride. If this is the case, it means you have internalized your feelings of nationalism. The glue that often holds a nation together is made up of shared memories. Perhaps of friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice, courage, struggle and success. The people of France developed a collective consciousness that grew out of their shared memory of or shared pride in specific events. It is especially significant if people were involved in the event like the Storming of the Bastille. Questions (Page 51) 1. What was the revolutionary slogan of France? (1 mark) 2. What song became France s national anthem in 1795? (1 mark) 3. When was it written and why? (1 mark) 4. Why can clothing be important to build national identity? (1 mark)

7 5. What colours did people start wearing in France? (1 mark) 6. What did these colours identify them as? (1 mark) 7. Why are these three colours important to France? (1 mark) 8. What are a nation s myths and who are they often told by? (1 mark) 9. Who did French citizens reject in 1789? (1 mark) 10. What was their idea of nation-state based on? (1 mark) 11. Why do some French citizens today question whether these words truly symbolize their nation? (1 mark)

8 12. Which countries have immigrants to France traditionally come from? (1 mark) 13. What have they experience upon arriving to France? (1 mark) 14. Page 52 - What are push factors? (1 mark) 15. Page 52 - What are pull factors? (1 mark) 16. Page 52 - The movement of large numbers of from one area often the way people think about their identity. In the case of, this has started a debate about French national identity. Changes in National Identities (Page 54) 1. What 5 factors shape the way people think of themselves and their national identity? (3 marks) 2. What can happen when a people s national identity seems to be changing?

9 3. French people take pride in their country being secular. What does secular mean and what do the French people honour? 4. How have the minority Muslim community in France threatened French secular life? 5. What heated debate was sparked due to this suggestion that Muslims have threatened French secular life? 6. What law did the French government pass in 2004? (1 mark) 7. What did the list of banned clothing include? (1 mark) 8. Why did some people like the clothing to be banned and why did some not like the clothing to be banned? Total: /32 marks

10 How Have People in Canada Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 55-59) Like others Canadians respond to national myths that give them a sense of who they are. One myth that is a part of the Canadian collective consciousness is the story of the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. John A. Macdonald dreamed of an iron road that would link the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The CPR played a key role in creating a country that extended from sea to sea. British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871 because of Macdonald s promise to connect the CPR to BC. Read on page 55 to gain a greater understanding of why the Canadian Railroad is a part of the Canadian national identity... Is listening to and believing in national myths like believing in Santa Claus? Challenges to Canadian Myths (page 56) At the beginning of the 20th century, people of British heritage formed the dominant cultural group in Canada. The background of more than half the population of Canada was British and British history was taught in schools. Canada had no FLAG of its own so the British flag was used. As a result, many of Canada s stories were shaped by people whose world view was British. Immigrants from non-british countries, Francophones, and Aboriginal people began to tell their own stories and histories. As they affirmed their identities, they challenged the idea that Canada was British. They also challenged some of the myths that had become part of Canada s collective consciousness. Read about Victoria Callihoo, The Metis Queen Victoria on page 56.

11 First Nations and Metis Nationalism - answer the following questions on page In 1968, who wanted Canada to become a just society? (1 mark) 2. What does a just society mean? (1 mark) 3. Who was minister of Indian Affairs in 1968? (1 mark) 4. What proposal did these men make in 1968? (1 mark) 5. What did this proposal mean? (1 mark) 6. Why were Aboriginal leaders outraged by this proposal? (1 mark) 7. Who was Harold Cardinal and what did he write? (1 mark) 8. What did Cardinal think would be taken away from aboriginal people? (1 mark) 9. What were First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples main desire from the federal government? (1 mark) 10. What 4 things did he want Aboriginal people to have greater control over?

12 11. Cardinal s book became a best seller. What changed for Aboriginal people? (1 mark) 12. What had aboriginal people endured for so long and what did Cardinal s book inspire them to do? (1 mark) 13. What did Chief Dan George say in 1967? (1 mark) 14. What three founding peoples have widely been acknowledged to building Canada? (3 marks) Total: /17 marks Some Inuit Perspectives on Nationalism The political experience of the Inuit is much different then other Aboriginal people of Canada. The Inuit never signed treaties, and they were able to follow their traditional way of life until well into the 20th century. By the 1930 s animal populations, especially the caribou were declining. The loss of important food supplies meant many Inuit faced starvation. This is one reason why the federal government decided to move them to central communities. But the move ignored the importance of the Inuit way of life. Their way of life was built on sharing and focused on their relationship to the land. Questions (Page 58): 1. Who was Mariano Aupilardjuk? (1 mark) 2. What did he say about the relationship between the Inuit and their land? (1 mark)

13 3. What did the government do to the Inuit to make their lives very difficult to adjust to? (1 mark) 4. What did many Inuit begin to believe was the only way to solve their problems? (1 mark) 5. What huge step was taken in 1999? What was the agreement? 6. What does Nunavut mean? What is the estimated population of Nunavut? Total: /8 marks Quebecois Nationalism When Britain won the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, the course of Canadian history changed. At the the end of the Seven Years War in 1763, Britain took over France s North American colonies. Until that time, the dominant culture in Quebec had been French. After that, English-speaking people began moving into the province, and settlers from Britain came to Canada in very large numbers. Since then, Francophones in Quebec have struggled to maintain their language, culture, and identity in a largely anglophone - English-speaking - country. Some people believe that the different histories of anglophones and Francophones have deeply affected the world views of Canadians. Questions (Page 58-59): 1. What did Michael Iganatieff write that explained how Canada s national experience is confused... - and enriched?

14 2. What struggle have Francophones in Quebec and across Canada had in relation to anglophone Canadians? 3. What have Francophones in Quebec and across Canada developed in response to living in a largely Anglophone country? 4. How does Ignatieff describe the tension between anglophones and Francophones? (3 marks) 5. Is agreeing to disagree the best Canadians can hope for to solve this tension between anglophones and Francophones? Explain! Total: /11 marks

15 Chapter 2 Questions Related Issue #1: Should nation be the foundation of identity? Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism: HOW DO EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS SHAPE NATIONALISM? 1. Name all five factors that shape nationalism and provide one example from the French Revolution for each factor that corresponds with your textbook. (10 marks) 2. Of all the factors that shaped French Nationalism, which do you think had the greatest effect on French identity? Explain! (4 marks)

16 3. Describe the different ways in which Canadians have responded to the five factors (from question #1) that have shaped nationalism. (5 marks) 4. How are the perspectives on nationalism for First Nations, Metis, Inuit and French Canadians similar to one another? How are they different? Similarities include: Differences include: