Decentralised solutions for renewable energies and water in developing countries

Transcription

1 Decentralised solutions for renewable energies and water in developing countries Energy and Water Solu0ons in sub- Saharan Africa October 2014 Radolfzell at Lake Constance, Germany Dr. Julia Terrapon- Pfaff Carmen Dienst Willington Or:z

2 Agenda Introduc0on Why failure is not always a bad thing Evalua0on and Monitoring Lessons Learned Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 2

3 WISIONS Ini0a0ve Ø WISIONS started in 2004 promo:ng the introduc:on of sustainable energy solu0ons and resource efficiency Ø Main objec0ve: to make sustainable energy a default solu0on for basic energy needs in developing regions, by helping local partners to iden:fy successes and bring them to scale through regional networks, marke:ng and demonstra:on Informa0on & Knowledge sharing Tools: Website: Brochures Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 Scien:fic publica:ons Support Tools: Regional partnerships & networks SEPS - Sustainable Energy Project Support Promo:ng South- South knowledge exchange for promising technology in one region Supports sustainable, innovative and feasible energy projects J. Terrapon-Pfaff 3

4 Since 2004 over 81 projects and exchanges have been supported by the SEPS (Sustainable Energy Project Support) scheme Kenya Promo:ng sustainable livelihoods at Lake Victoria by introducing solar lamps for night fishing Organiza0on: Global Nature Fund (GNF) Technology: Solar Photovoltaic Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. Terrapon-Pfaff 4

5 Agenda Introduc0on Why failure is not always a bad thing Evalua0on and Monitoring Lessons Learned Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 5

6 A significant number of energy projects fail to achieve their objec0ves Knowledge, Interrela:ons and Needs Project Developer/ Prac0oners/ Companies Is what we think beneficiaries need, really what they need/ want? Donor organiza0ons/ Banks/ Government Beneficiary/ Customer Basic Energy Needs: Lighting Water Food Hea:ng/ Cooling Electri- fica:on Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 6

7 Failing to achieve objec0ves is not always a bad thing Learning from experiences The ques)on is not will development agencies fail, but how will they fail and will they learn. (Source: EDDY, M. 2013) (Source: WUPPERTAL INSTITUT 2013, o. S.) Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 7

8 Failing to achieve objec0ves is not always a bad thing Learning from experiences Project lifecycle Efforts and Resources Con0nuous Learning and evalua0on Evalua0on Planning Implemen:ng Output Outcome Impact Sustainability Ac:vi:es Project lifecycle Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 8

9 Learning from experiences Reduc:on of firewood for fish- conserva:on industry, Sierra Leone Objec0ve Ø To improve the fish smoking process by using improved wood stoves Technology applied/ Approach Ø The project adopted a social enterprise approach to help facilitate the dissemina:on of improved cook stove technology (Source: Welthungerhilfe 2012) Lessons learned Ø Concept of a business unit selling the stoves has not been fully successful Ø Idea of changing to more efficient stoves was adopted by local informal businesses Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF SEPS Project 9

10 Agenda Introduc0on Why failure is not always a bad thing Evalua0on and Monitoring Lessons Learned Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 10

11 How do we evaluate decentralized energy projects in developing countries? 5 key evalua:on criteria to examine development assistance Relevance Efficiency Effec0veness Sustainability Impact (Source: OECD DAC 2002) Ø Over the last decade the interna:onal community has emphasized the importance of evalua0ng development interven0ons Ø Only few studies evaluate small- scale community projects (<100kW) in with regards to their sustainability post- installa:on Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 11

12 How and when should these criteria be applied to evaluate an development interven0on? Project idea & Planning Grant Applica0on & Appraisal Project Implementa0on Lessons Learned & Post- Evalua0on New & improved project design Relevance E. g. socio- economic survey, market studies, establishing / working with exis:ng community groups, Effec)veness E. g. project design, Progress reports, Final report, Monitoring,. Efficiency Checking budget plan, implementa:on strategy and :me tables: e.g. investment in rela:on to number of devices/ beneficiaries; Is / Was the :me table realis:c?; Impact Impact assessment Sustainability Sustainability assessment Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF

13 Post- evalua0on of projects supported by SEPS Evalua:on sample Evalua:on sample 40 small- scale energy projects Very good overall response rate resul0ng in an evalua0on sample of 23 projects Cross- sec0onal evalua0on sample in terms of renewable sources, technologies, human needs and geographical regions Distribu0on of different technology applica0ons with- in evalua0on sample Cluster of poten:al evalua0on candidates consisted of projects from the WISIONS project cycles in the period between 2004 and 2008 No response 35% Response 65% Evalua0on Response rate 15% Efficiency 7% 11% 11% 19% 7% 15% 4% 11% Wind power Hydro power Solar cookers/ oven Solar PV Liquid Biofuel Biogas Biomass gasifica:on Improved cook stoves Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 13

14 Evalua0on Results Results show that the majority (78%) were s:ll opera:ng and used by the beneficiaries (Source: TERRAPON-PFAFF et. al 2014) Only func0oning to a limited extent 13% Not func0oning 9% Fully func0oning 48% Mostly opera0onal 30% Indicator applied to evaluate sustainability: Technology was s:ll func:oning and u:lized by the :me of the review Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 14

15 Agenda Introduc0on Why failure is not always a bad thing Evalua0on and Monitoring Lessons Learned Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 15

16 Learning from experiences Renewable Energy For Drip Irriga:on Of Hor:cultural Crops, Tanzania Objec0ve To apply renewable energy for irriga:on purposes replacing fuel based water pumps Technology applied/ Approach Ø Wind mill water pump Ø Solar water pumps Ø Efficient Irriga:on Lessons learned (Source: SESEDO 2010) Ø The the prices for the agricultural products in the region are low due to overproduc:on, market channels are missing Ø Self constructed windmill was not efficient enough so that a more advanced windmill pump was purchased SEPS Project Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 16

17 What were the major factors influencing success and failure Learning from experiences Posi0ve influences Ø Long- term commitment of implemen:ng organiza:on Ø Flexibility to adapt technology, management model, financing schemes etc. to challenges and changes Ø Availability of maintenance and repair service at least partly locally Ø Trust and reliability between implemen:ng organiza:on and other stakeholders Ø Sense of ownership among beneficiaries was especially cri0cal in community projects Nega0ve influences Ø Unsuitability of technology in geographic context, especially problema:c was the substrate supply for bioenergy projects Ø External influences like poli:cal, ins:tu:onal and environmental semngs Ø Low mo:va:on of poten:al users/producers, lacking sense of ownership Ø Problema0c logis0cs, lack of capacity to manufacture and install technology properly Ø User Sa0sfac0on with technology Radolfzell, 16. October 2014 J. TERRAPON-PFAFF 17

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