Name: Document Packet Week 8 Golden Ages Date:

Transcription

1 Name: Document Packet Week 8 Golden Ages Date: In this packet you will have all the documents for the week. This document packet must be in class with you every day. We will work with these documents every day. WEEK 8 DAY 1 DOCUMENTS: Whole Class Throughout history, different civilizations have contributed to the cultural and intellectual life of humanity. These periods are often called Golden Ages, as society enjoys not only cultural and intellectual achievements, but also stable government and a strong economy. Civilizations that experienced a Golden Age have made lasting contributions to our society today. A Golden Age is a time in a culture of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. Generally occurs in times of peace. Ancient civilizations that had a Golden Age were Greece, Rome, China, India, Mesoamerica and parts of Africa. Islam, even though it is a belief system, also experienced a Golden Age. 1) What is the definition of a Golden Age? 2) Why do you think that the United States is or is not in a Golden Age now? (at least 3 sentences) 3) Create a BLPT card for Golden Age. 4) Make a connection between the places where there was a Golden Age and River Valley Civilizations.

2 DOCUMENT 2 PAIR WORK Greek-Hellenistic

3 Background Ancient Greek and Hellenistic cultural achievements span two different eras. The Ancient Greek golden age occurs under the leadership of Pericles in the 5th century BCE. These achievements were mainly confined to the city-state of Athens, where a strong economy and good government created the conditions necessary for such advancements. The Hellenistic golden age occurs under the leadership of Alexander the Great, who conquered an empire stretching from the Greek mainland all the way to the Indus River Valley. Hellenistic society was a blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and many other cultures that gave rise to advancements in math, science, art, and literature. Golden ages were the beginning of cultural diffusion. Cultural Diffusion is the spread of ideas, knowledge and culture. Government The Ancient Greeks were the first to use democracy as a form of government. Under Pericles, male citizens in Athens participated in the daily running of government. This form of direct democracy excluded all non-citizens, such as women and slaves. Today, many governments around the world practice some form of democracy. Democracy is a system of government that includes voting. Philosophy Greek philosophers, or "lovers of wisdom," used observation and reason to study the world around them. This spirit of inquiry led to advancements in the arts and sciences, as well as examining the best form of government for men to live under. Famous philosophers include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates Plato Aristotle Socratic Method of questioning as a learning tool. Wrote The Republic Favored a strong, controlling government Developed ideas on government Favored the one strong and wise rule as best form. Considered to be first western philosopher Society has three classes: Philosophers, Soldiers, and Workers Human Reason was the key to learning

4 Literature Early Greek literature was in the form of plays developed for religious ceremonies. Famous writers, such as Aeschylus and Sophocles, wrote tragedies and comedies about human conflict and interaction between the gods and man. These stories were very popular, and became the basis for modern literature. The Greeks were also the first historians. Herodotus, known as the Father of History, wrote books chronicling historical events, such as the Persian War. Art & Architecture Greek artists portrayed the human figure in idealized realism. Paintings and sculptures show humans in the perfect form. Greek architects build elaborate buildings using marble and the Greek column. The most famous example of Greek architecture is the Parthenon in Athens. Many buildings around the world today use Greek architectural ideas. Math & Science Greek mathematician Pythagoras, developed a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle, a method still in use today. Aristarchus, a Greek astronomer, discovered that the earth rotated on its axis, and revolved around the sun. Eratosthenes discovered that the earth was round, and accurately calculated its circumference. Euclid wrote a book called The Elements, which is the basis for modern geometry. A Greek scientist named Archimedes tried to use science for more practical matters, he showed how the use of a lever and pulley system could lift just about any weight. Medicine Hippocrates, a 5th century BCE physician, studied the causes of illnesses and experimented with various cures. He is also credited with creating a set of ethical standards for doctors called the Hippocratic Oath. 1) What are 4 achievements or advancements of the Hellenistic Greeks? 2) What is cultural diffusion? 3) Name 3 achievements or advancements from Greece that we still use today. 4) What is democracy? 5) Create a BLPT card for Golden Age of Greece

5 DOCUMENT 3 INDIVIDUAL WORK Pax Romana Background The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BCE. The government was run by elected officials called Senators, who were chosen from the upper class called Patricians. The lower class, Plebeians, made up the majority of the population and were generally farmers, artisans, and merchants. By 270 BCE, Rome controlled all of Italy. They also soon conquered Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor. This expansion led to civil war and the end of the Republic when Julius Caesar took power in 48 BCE. After his murder, Caesar's grandnephew, Augustus, became Emperor. This began a 200 year long peace called the Pax Romana. The Pax Romana became a time of cultural and intellectual achievements for Rome.

6 Law Rome's greatest achievement was its system of laws. Some of the features of this system include, men being equal under the law, having the right to face their accusers, and being considered innocent until proven guilty. Later, these laws were written down and named the Laws of the Twelve Tables. Many aspects of this system of justice survive today in law codes around the world. Art & Architecture Roman art and architecture is a blending of Greek and Roman elements. In art, Rome copied many Greek statues, but also produced a more realistic style of portraiture art instead of the idealized forms favored by the Greeks. In architecture, Rome used Greek columns, but modified them to be more elaborate, as well as using the arch and dome quite extensively, something the Greeks did not do. An example of Roman use of arches and domes can be seen in the Pantheon. Engineering The Romans built engineering marvels across their empire, such as roads, harbors, and bridges,. They were well known for the building of aqueducts, which were bridge like structures used to carry fresh water across long distances. In Segovia, Spain the Roman aqueduct still functions today. Science and Medicine As with Hellenistic civilization, Alexandria, Egypt remained a center of learning under the Romans. In Roman controlled Alexandria, the astronomer - mathematician Ptolemy proposed that the earth was the center of the universe. The geocentric model offered by Ptolemy was the accepted view until Copernicus offered the heliocentric, or sun centered theory of the universe. In medicine, the Greek physician Galen compiled an encyclopedia that became the standard medical text until the Islamic doctor Ibn Sina wrote his Canon on Medicine.

7 1) What is Pax Romana? 2) What are 4 achievements or advancements of the Romans? 3) What are the Laws of the Twelve Tables? 4) What are 3 achievements that we still use today? 5) Give an example of cultural diffusion from Rome or used by Rome. (*Hint: Think of something that was developed by the Romans and then spread to another place or something that was developed elsewhere and spread to Rome.)

8 WEEK 8 DAY 2 DOCUMENTS: DOCUMENT 1 WHOLE CLASS Our plan of government favors the many instead of the few: That is why it is called a democracy As for social standing, advancement is open to everyone, according to ability. While every citizen has an equal opportunity to serve the public, we reward our most distinguished citizens by asking them to make our political decisions. Nor do we discriminate against the poor. A man may serve his country no matter how low his position on the social scale. 1a. What type of government was Pericles describing? [1] 1b. Identify two characteristics of Athenian government. [2]

9 8.2.2 The Parthenon in Greece 2a. Identify one distinguishing characteristic of this building in Greece. [1] 2a. How have the features of this building influenced other cultures? [1]

10 8.2.3 This excerpt is from the textbook World History: Connections to Today (Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, Esler, Anthony Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999). Common Principles of Roman Law: People of the same status are equal before the law. An accused person is innocent until proven guilty. The accused should be allowed to face his or her accuser and defend against the charge. Guilt must be established clearer than daylight through evidence. 3. Identify two rights guaranteed to citizens by these laws. [2]

11 WEEK 8 DAY 3 DOCUMENTS DOCUMENT 1 WHOLE CLASS The Coliseum in Rome We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

12 DOCUMENT 2 PAIR WORK We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

13 DOCUMENT 3 INDIVIDUAL WORK We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

14 DOCUMENT 4 INDIVIDUAL WORK We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

15 Week 8 Day 4: Grouping and Ordering Golden Ages: Greece and Rome In your groups arrange the documents into different groups. You should have at least 2 different groups of at least 3 documents EACH. Your groupings can be based on anything that you can support. When you have made your groups list them below. Then answer the questions about your choices. Group 1: Group 3: Group 2: Group 4: 1) What is the main idea that holds each of the groupings together? 2) What did you see that made you combine the documents into each group? 3) Write the main idea for each grouping. 4) Do any of them overlap or fit together in some way? 5) Do they address similar elements or similar points of view?

16 If you have finished and there is time left create a new order of groups for your documents. List your groups below and then answer the questions. Remember these groups must be different from your previous groups. Group 1: Group 3: Group 2: Group 4: 1) What is the main idea that holds each of the groupings together? 2) What did you see that made you combine the documents into each group? 3) Write the main idea for each grouping. 4) Do any of them overlap or fit together in some way? 5) Do they address similar elements or similar points of view?

17 Week 8 Day 5: Current Day Connections Greece This is a new section to our week. In this section you will read a newspaper article FROM TODAY S NEWS and connect it to our topic. Schools Faced With Hunger A story published in the "Eleftherotypia" on Sunday reveals the great increase in the number of students as well as adults who are malnourished due to the financial crisis. According to the report, church, municipal and even autonomous solidarity groups have begun to form, aimed at providing proper meals for those that the crisis has left in a state of starvation. «Reports from teachers and parents associations informing us that there are children starving in certain Athens schools have increased lately. We manage to cover their needs in collaboration with the Athens Municipal Creche (DVA), which provides schools with supplementary meals», says Yiorgos Apostolopoulos, president of the Athens Homeless Foundation. DVA has recently received requests for sending meals in kindergartens and primary schools of the fifth municipal department, in Upper and Lower Patisia and Grava. The Creche already sends food to elementary schools and kindergartens in some districts of downtown Athens, such as Metaxourgio, Plato Academy, Kolonos, Votanikos, Strefi Hill and Thisio, whilst at the same time supplying municipal nurseries. In some areas the number of malnourished children is estimated to 1-2 per classroom, while elsewhere things are truly tragic. For instance in Petralona, where unemployment is over 20 percent, a similar figure is recorded in children facing nutrition problems. The Second Municipal Elementary School of Petroupoli created a solidarity fund in 2011, supplying food to children and families. «We demand a change of government policy, not compassion» stressed Dimitris Kontos, vice-president of the Athens Parents and Guardians Federation. The Archdiocese of Athens, on the other side, provides ten thousand meals or food packs every day in 75 different locations in the city. In the rest of the country, the Church distributes over 300 thousand meals daily. The number of people who resort to the Church's soup kitchens has increased by percent in the last year. «Since the summer, the number of immigrants attending our soup kitchens has shrunk, while that of Greeks has increased. Many elderly people give their pension to their children while they eat in soup kitchens. Oldsters who were put in nursing homes are now been taken out by their children, in order for them to collect their pension. From the coming year the Family Support Centre of the Archdiocese will launch a registration service for malnourished children in schools. In a discreet way they will be offered some food, so that the children can then take back to their family. Because, if a child is starving, so is the rest of the family», says Mary Pini, the Centre's director, to "Eleftherotypia".

18 1) Write a summary of this article. (3 sentences) 2) How does this article about Greece TODAY compare or contrast to how ANCIENT Greece was during a golden age? (4 sentences) Include one quote form the article and one quote from a document about the Golden Age of Greece.

19 WEEK 8 DAY 6: Writing Skills Greece & Rome Match the following words with the correct Golden Age. Twelve Tables Roads & Engineering Democracy Republic Plato Cultural Diffusion (2) Greece: Hellenistic Pax Romana Alexander the Great Aristotle Socrates Julius Cesar Rome: Independent Work: Write 2 paragraphs (minimum 8 sentences each) about the golden ages of Greece and Rome. You must use all the words above AND at least 3 documents to support your information. You will receive 5 extra credit points if you write a 3rd paragraph about the article on Day 5 and relate it to Golden Ages.

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