Rise of the Republic Sex Right to vote Right to hold public office. Patricians Men Yes Yes Yes. Women No No Yes. Plebeians Men Yes No Yes

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1 Level of Roman Society Rise of the Republic Sex Right to vote Right to hold public office Protection under the law Patricians Men Yes Yes Yes Women No No Yes Plebeians Men Yes No Yes Women No No Yes Slaves Men No No No Women No No No

2 Why were the Greeks interested in establishing colonies on the Italian peninsula? Because of Italy s central location in the Mediterranean. How was Etruscan society divided? a wealthy upper class, aristocratic priests, and a slave labor force made up of conquered peoples. What two groups made up the legislative branch of the Roman government? the Assembly of Centuries and the Senate.

3 What were the twelve tables a written law code, engraved on 12 tablets Guided Reading From about 900 BCE until 500 BCE, northern Italy was ruled by the Etruscans, a people whose art shows men and women feasting, dancing, and making music. 2. Rome was declared a Republic, a community in which people elect their leaders 3. The Roman government had two branches, the Executive and the Legislative 4. Two types of citizens in the Roman republic were Patricians or nobles, and Plebeians or non aristocratic townspeople and landowners, as well as merchants, shopkeepers, small farmers, and laborers. 5. Citizens in Rome had the right to vote and had to pay taxes 6. When the plebeians demanded more power, the patricians agreed to recognize the power of the Tribunes, representatives chosen by the plebeians 7. Plebeians demanded that the Laws of Rome be written down to make sure that judges acted fairly 8. Roman religion and culture was greatly influenced by the Greeks, whose gods and goddesses they adopted and gave Roman names 9. Traditional Roman values included thrift, discipline, self-sacrifice, and devotion to the Family and the Republic

4 Guided Reading Activity 8-2 I. Rome s Government A. Early Romans were divided into two classes: patricians and plebeians 1. Both patrician and plebeian men were Roman citizens 2. Only p atricians could serve in the government B. Government Structure 1. The top government officials were called Consuls who were chosen every year to head the army and to run the government 2. Other officials were praetors who interpreted the law and served as judges in court cases 3. Rome s most important legislative body was the Senate 4. The Assembly of centuries elected consuls 5. After a period of revolt, the plebeians were allowed to set up their own body of representatives called the Council of the Plebeians C. Cincinnatus, the best known Roman dictator, was appointed by the Senate in a time of great danger/emergency D. The Twelve Tables and the Law of Nations set standards of justice that are still accepted today. II. Rome Expands A. The first Punic War was fought against Carthage for control of the island of Sicily B. The second Punic War featured Carthage s greatest general, Hannibal, who was defeated by Scipio in 202 BCE at the Battle of Zama C. By 129 BCE, Rome had conquered Carthage and Greec and had gained its first province in Asia

5 Word Wise Chapter 12 Section 2 My World History Vocabulary Quiz Show: Some quiz shows ask a question and expect the contestant to give an answer. In other shows, the contestant is given an answer and must supply the question. If the blank is in the Question column, write the question that would result in the answer in the Answer column. If the question is supplied, write the answer Question What do you call the highest officials in the Roman republic? What do you call a system of rules used to organize a government? What happens when one part of government stops or cancels the action of another part? What was the name of the Roman government officials who enforced the law? What is the name for the garment that adult male Roman citizens wore? Answer Consuls Constitution Veto Magistrates Toga

6 Take Notes Chapter 12 Section 2 My World History Identify Main Ideas and Details: In this section, you read about how power was shared in the Roman government. In the chart below record details about each part or role in the Roman Government. Tell about the responsibilities of this part of government and who can serve in it Roman Government Assemblies - elected officials and passed laws;; all adult males Senate - advised assemblies and magistrates, ran foreign policy, determined budgets;; rich, older, well-known men Magistrates - enforced laws;; wealthy elite men Quaestors & Aediles - accounting, assisted higher officials, building maintenance, festival arrangements;; lower ranking male citizens Consuls - top officials, led the army, presided over Senate, highest judges;; those from lower ranks in the Race of Honors Praetors - judged legal cases, managed Rome, led armies in war;; those from lower ranks in the Race of Honors Tribunes - protectors of the plebeians, right to veto magistrates and laws;; plebeians What are some benefits of dividing the government into three branches with separate or different powers? When a government is divided into three branches, each branch can prevent the others from misusing their power. Having separate powers, the branches of government can focus on problems specific to their individual branch.

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