Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Transcription

1 Deveopment Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for the Isamic Repubic of Afghanistan AfghanistanUnited Nations United Nations System, Kabu, March 2005

2 1 Mission Statement We, the United Nations Country Team, pedge to work together toward the overarching goa of human security and peace buiding in Afghanistan, pacing peope at the centre of our United Nations Deveopment Assistance Framework (UNDAF) for We support the nationa priorities of Afghanistan and are dedicated to coaborating with our nationa and internationa counterparts to ensure ong-term peace, stabiity and prosperity in the country. We beieve in the vision of the United Nations Charter and aim to bring to ife its mandate and principes through the programmes we impement. We are committed to the poicies and objectives set forth in the Miennium Decaration and wi seek to pursue them effectivey in Afghanistan through the UNDAF. Likewise, we recognise the compexity of the unique chaenges faced in Afghanistan s transitiona context. Based on the common outcomes and outputs identified in the UNDAF, our deveopment assistance programmes are grounded in the principes of human rights and of unified poitica, socia and economic deveopment. We wi seek to achieve these aims through responsibe and appropriate support to poicymaking, strategic and coaborative programming, and effective advocacy. We wi, in sum, be active, coordinated and responsive partners with the peope and Government of Afghanistan. Ameerah Haq Deputy Specia Representative of the Secretary-Genera, UNAMA, and Resident Coordinator of the United Nations System Serge Verniau, FAO Maama Meeisea, UNESCO Dan Key, UNMACA Sziard Fricska, UN-Habitat David Saunders, UNFPA Doris Buddenberg, UNODC Shengjie Li, ILO Jacques Mouchet, UNHCR Gary Heseth, UNOPS Matt Huber, IOM Say Cooper, UNIRIN Chares Vincent, WFP Bruno De Schaetzen, IMF Bernt Aasen, UNICEF Riyad Musa, WHO Frederick Lyons, UNDP Ryoko Hosono, UNIDO Jean Mazuree, Word Bank Asif Zaidi, UNEP Meryem Asan, UNIFEM Aan Key, ADB

3 2 3 Contents Executive Summary MISSION STATEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION RESULTS Nationa Deveopment Goas, Strategies and Priorities Strategic Areas of Deveopment Cooperation Expected Outcomes Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights Sustainabe Liveihoods Heath and Education Environment and Natura s Cooperation Strategies ESTIMATED RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION Focus on MDGs and the Most Vunerabe Harmonisation of Programme Cyces The United Nations Deveopment Assistance Framework (UNDAF) is the resut of an ongoing consutative process intended to provide an anaysis of how the United Nations System can continue to improve its response to Afghanistan s nationa priorities and needs. It is guided by the goas and targets of the Miennium Decaration of 2000, endorsed by the Government, as we as the Nationa Deveopment Framework, the strategic document Securing Afghanistan s Future and other reevant documents. The UNDAF transates these into a common operationa framework for deveopment activities upon which individua United Nations organisations wi formuate their actions for the period Human security and peace buiding represent the cornerstones for the UNDAF, which buids upon the anaysis contained in the 2004 Common Country Assessment. Under this broad chapeau, four inter-reated Areas of Cooperation have emerged as particuary critica for the United Nations System s support to the peope and Government of Afghanistan during this three-year period: Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights; Sustainabe Liveihoods; Heath and Education; and Environment and Natura s. In a four, the United Nations System offers comparative advantages with regard to achieving tangibe progress toward the Miennium Deveopment Goas, drawing on its vaues, successfu goba knowedge base, best practices and essons earnt; its strong normative mandate and ongstanding track record in Afghanistan; its neutraity; and its abiity to encourage efficient coordination and faciitate accountabiity among donors. 4.3 Deveopment Coordination Mechanisms MONITORING AND EVALUATION Interna Reviews Joint and Externa Reviews ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Annex A UNDAF Resuts Matrices Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights Sustainabe Liveihoods Heath and Education Environment and Natura s Annex B UNDAF Monitoring and Evauation Frameworks Governance Rue of Law and Human Rights Sustainabe Liveihoods Heath and Education Environment and Natura s Annex C Monitoring and Evauation Programme for Cyce Caendar

4 5 1 Introduction Every Afghan deserves a ife free from poverty and fear, conducted in security and dignity, as emphasised in the 2004 United Nations anaysis of Afghanistan s priority deveopment chaenges. But as is aso evident in that anaysis, the Common Country Assessment (CCA), miions of Afghans have no such rights, nor equitabe opportunities to fuy deveop their human potentia. Yet if Afghanistan fais in its nationa rebuiding after more than a quartercentury of vioent confict, the impact wi be devastating, rendering the country again vunerabe to divisiveness and instabiity. Human security and peace buiding represent the cornerstones for this United Nations Deveopment Assistance Framework (UNDAF), which buids upon the anaysis of the CCA as we as the genera findings of the new Nationa Human Deveopment Report In so doing, it formuates a common strategic framework for the United Nations System in Afghanistan for , in support of nationa deveopment and the Miennium Deveopment Goas (MDGs) to reduce poverty. But human security embraces even more than the MDGs and, in its broadest sense, represents far more than the absence of confict. It demands that the United Nations System hep protect Afghans from severe and widespread threats and situations, a daunting task in a country where by far the majority of its 24.5 miion peope particuary women and girs remain severey chaenged in terms of human deveopment; where arge areas remain under the contro of oca commanders and warords and out of reach of assistance, despite urgent needs; and where the fu reintegration of tens of thousands of returnees, Internay Dispaced Persons and excombatants is yet to be achieved. For these groups, as for other Afghans, human security encompasses human rights, good governance, access to quaity education and heath care, persona safety, and economic and environmenta sustainabiity. It means creating poitica, socia, environmenta, economic and cutura systems that together give Afghans the buiding bocks of surviva, iveihood and dignity. And it focuses on the widest possibe range of Afghans having enough confidence in their future to think about the next day, the next week, the next year. Poverty, hunger, popuation structures, natura resource degradation, adequate water and sanitation a are issues of human security. Particuary in transitions such as Afghanistan s, each

5 6 aspect of human security must be kept in view to maintain baance whie moving forward. Reevant strategies for the United Nations System thus wi continue to be deveoped under the UNDAF through this human security ens. A second overarching goa of assistance by the United Nations System for is to better estabish the peace-buiding dimension of deveopment cooperation in Afghanistan and mainstream it in poicies and practices. This core task, which aso requires adjustment to a new ens, incudes buiding pubic institutions that, through negotiations with civi society, can estabish a consensua framework for governing at nationa, provincia and oca eves within the rue of aw. It aso requires that key actors be enabed to more effectivey prevent, manage and resove confict; expanding Afghans ownership and Afghans capacities is therefore paramount. In particuar, the importance of achieving a peacefu, secure society is given prominence in the Miennium Decaration. Again, this requires concerted efforts to deveop norms, processes and institutions that systematicay address insecurities. Because deprivation and insecurity are intimatey intertwined, tacking both effectivey demands an integrated approach. However, post-confict situations such as Afghanistan s aso provide opportunities to promote change, to fundamentay recast socia, poitica and economic bases of power opportunities for incuded the excuded and erasing inequaities. Overa, the UNDAF process is intended to assist the Government of Afghanistan in meeting nationa priorities as we as goba goas. The United Nations System wi draw upon its unique diversity and better coordinate its efforts at the country eve through this strategic too, keeping in mind the United Nations Agencies own distinct mandates, competencies and resources. The need for coordinated action is particuary important for a country such as Afghanistan, which confronts extraordinary constraints and uncertainties despite progress in impementing compex State-buiding processes. The United Nations System wi pay particuar attention to the socia dimensions of the country s poitica and economic transformation and wi promote increasing participation of civi society, encouraging active pubic participation and partnership. Under the overarching focus of human security and peace buiding, each United Nations Agency thus wi orient its country programming to coectivey address deveopment concerns within four specific, inter-reated objectives detaied in Section 2. United Nations System Comparative Advantages in Afghanistan As identified by the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), the United Nations System s comparative advantages in support of Afghanistan s deveopment can be custered into the foowing: Longstanding track record in Afghanistan Abiity to have neutra ong-term engagement Broad access to institutions and peope Abiity to deiver/impact from poicies to peope Serving as a bridge for Afghanistan to internationa fora

6 9 2 Resuts 2.1 Nationa Deveopment Goas, Strategies and Priorities In its quest to become a stabe and prosperous nation, Afghanistan has focused its deveopment agenda on three piars: (1) humanitarian and human and socia capita, incuding iveihoods and socia protection; heath and nutrition; education and vocationa training; refugee return; and cutura heritage, media and sports; (2) physica reconstruction and natura resources, incuding transport and communications; water and sanitation, natura resource management; urban management and energy; and (3) private sector deveopment, incuding finance, investment, trade and combating corruption. These priorities are refected in the Nationa Deveopment Framework (NDF), presented in Apri 2002, as we as the key poicy document Securing Afghanistan s Future (March 2004) and the Nationa Budget Pubic Investment Programmes. The NDF aso identifies security, administrative and financia reform, and gender as issues common to every sector. Buiding on the NDF, a new Nationa Deveopment Strategy is being formuated as the Government s overarching strategy for promoting growth, generating weath and reducing poverty and vunerabiity; it is expected to be competed in With regard to the eight goba Miennium Deveopment Goas toward poverty eradication, Afghanistan committed in March 2004 to the MDGs and has progressed in key areas of the Miennium Decaration, such as expanding the base of poitica and socia freedoms; gender equity; and reviva of the media. Moreover, Securing Afghanistan s Future, referred to above, takes an expicity MDG-based approach. The first MDG Report for Afghanistan found that the country has the potentia to meet 10 of 11 MDG targets, athough the state of the supportive poicy environment is weak to fair in reevant areas. According to the CCA, however, this must be further quaified by the prerequisites of attaining human security and continuing strong internationa assistance for at east the next 10 years.

7 Strategic Areas of Deveopment Cooperation Not ony does the UNDAF provide a framework for future coaboration, but it aso resuts from a comprehensive, dynamic and participatory process that ensures earning from past performance. Preparations for the CCA and UNDAF exercises began at a meeting of the UNCT in May A Steering Committee, chaired by the Resident Coordinator and comprised of the heads of UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WFP, UN-Habitat, WHO and the Word Bank, set up Thematic Groups on four priority areas of Governance and Institutiona Deveopment; Peace, Security and Justice; Economic Deveopment and Growth; and Socia We-Being. Neary a resident United Nations Agencies appointed foca points and/or participants. A tota of 19 Ministries and Government departments participated, as we as the Nationa Security Counci, the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, the Afghan Investment Support Agency, the Microfinance Investment and Support Faciity for Afghanistan, the Supreme Court, the Law Facuty of Kabu University, the Chamber of Commerce and 14 non-government organisations (NGOs) and civi society organisations. Twenty non-resident Agencies aso were invited to participate and asked to share an overview of their current engagement in Afghanistan. The four Thematic Groups hed frequent meetings, where members identified additiona issues for review and corresponding indicators and carried out their anaytica work. The CCA document, competed in October 2004, identified three potentia areas of cooperation in Human Security and Peace Buiding; Governance and Participatory Deveopment; and Basic Socia Services and Environmenta Sustainabiity. In January 2005, the UNCT hed a 2.5-day Prioritisation Retreat aso attended by Government and donor representatives (1) to seect common strategic priorities for United Nations System support to the country s pursuit of the MDGs, through the framework of the UNDAF, and (2) to work more effectivey together. The priority Areas of Cooperation identified in the CCA were further refined by Heads of Agencies and UNDAF foca points during the Retreat into four areas fitting under a broad chapeau of human security and peace buiding, as described in the Introduction to this UNDAF. Priority UNDAF Areas of Cooperation thus are: Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights Sustainabe Liveihoods Heath and Education Environment and Natura s Four Working Groups then further deveoped indicative outcomes and outputs and expected partnership arrangements throughout February 2005, in discussions that incuded participation up to the Ministeria eve. At a Joint Strategy Meeting on 1 March 2005, representatives of the Government, donors, NGOs and United Nations Agencies discussed the draft of the UNDAF, which was endorsed. At the same time, it is recognised that the UNDAF is a iving document, one designed to be fexibe enough to respond to Afghanistan s rapidy evoving poitica, socia and economic needs. In a four Areas of Cooperation, the United Nations System offers comparative advantages with regard to achieving tangibe progress toward the MDGs, drawing on its vaues, successfu goba knowedge base, best practices and essons earnt; its strong normative mandate and ongstanding track record in Afghanistan; its neutraity; and its abiity to encourage efficient coordination among donors. The four Areas of Cooperation are interinked and mutuay affect each other, as we as being exacerbated by the wide disparities existing in Afghanistan with regard to ownership, access and participation, and decision-making power. As noted in the CCA, the root causes of confict often invove issues of governance, poverty, inequaity and environment, which then must be seen through the ens of human security and peace buiding. Maintaining broad-based and equitabe deveopment is an imperative for poverty reduction and expanding sustainabe iveihoods. Even so, no country has done we in reducing poverty without aso providing widespread basic heath, education, food security and nutrition as we as socia protection services. Improving the environment and strengthening the nationa response to natura and manmade disasters wi contribute to better heath, education and socia protection, as we as essen vunerabiity. Finay, good governance and participatory deveopment wi be the mechanisms through which an effective coaition of the State, civi society, the private sector, the donor community, the media and the United Nations System wi aow Afghans to increasingy enjoy their basic rights. Under its goba mandate, the United Nations aso has identified a series of fundamenta crosscutting issues that are highighted and addressed in a four Areas of Cooperation, incuding gender equaity and access to information and services. These have been considered in seecting programme priorities, identifying duty-bearers and caims-hoders, estabishing rights standards, and estabishing mechanisms for redress. It shoud be noted that ack of incusion as a coaborative priority in the UNDAF in no way precudes other themes from receiving support from individua United Nations organisations. Overa, however, the goa is swift convergence in panning designing and impementing certain United Nations activities coaborativey and sharing these pans as an integrated whoe. 2.3 Expected Outcomes Arising from the CCA anaysis, seection of common United Nations deveopment issues has been determined by their impact on the poorest and most vunerabe, 1 based on the foowing criteria: (a) the issue is critica to achievement of the MDGs; (b) there is potentia for onger-term impact on nationa goas and priorities; (c) if the issue is addressed, it wi assist in soving many of the other issues; (d) the issue has reached an aarming eve and needs immediate attention; and (e) successes and best practices have occurred in the past and wi need to continue in addressing the issue. In addition, these common issues focus on the key areas of competence and comparative advantage of the United Nations System in Afghanistan. Other key deveopment chaenges noted in the CCA either do not fa into these categories or are being primariy addressed through other members of the donor community. Based on nationa priorities contained in Nationa Deveopment Framework and other documents, the United Nations has, in each Area of Cooperation, identified UNDAF Objectives, to be achieved during , Country Programme Outputs, the Roe of Partners and Mobiisation Targets. Detais are described in the UNDAF Resuts Matrices in Annex A. 1 Vunerabe groups incude women, particuary widows; refugees and IDPs; chidren and adoescents/youth at risk, such as street and working chidren, chidren without parenta care, and chid sodiers and war-affected chidren; ex-combatants; ethnic minorities; persons with disabiities; and the andess and near-andess.

8 Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights Government is enabed to compy with its obigations agreed to under internationa conventions, and to ratify other non-ratified conventions Key nationa documents a point to the centraity of effective and equitabe governance in Afghanistan reative to other chaenges. Through direct and indirect engagement with governance issues, other issues to be advanced incude gender equaity; the rights of women and chidren; quaity education and heath services, incuding case detection and treatment; socia protection; HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support; and adequate standards of iving and working conditions, incuding access to sufficient food, water, decent housing and income. Nevertheess, progress in impementing governance reform in Afghanistan has been hampered by many factors, as identified in the CCA and NHDR. These incude consequences of the ack of a human rights cuture and gender inequaity; chaenges to credibiity of poitica processes and separation of powers; need for effective ega and reguatory systems, as we as institutiona structures that encourage accountabiity, transparency and information sharing; need for a stronger poicy framework, as we as stronger capacity within Government; a puraity of often-conficting justice systems and preference for traditiona justice mechanisms that often have shortcomings in safeguarding human rights; and poiticisation of pubic administration institutions and absence of a merit-based system. The CCA aso noted that other serious issues in impementing good governance in the country encompass insufficient aw enforcement capacity; traditiona widey dispersed authority; absence of an integrated oca governance framework; weakened confict resoution mechanisms; and ack of capacity within civi society to monitor Government and hod it accountabe for its acts. Particuary without substantia progress to curb corruption, improve responsiveness and effectiveness of a branches of Government and optimise pubic expenditure decisions, attainment of reevant MDGs and other deveopment commitments wi be very difficut. United Nations System interventions wi focus on faciitating egisative, poicy, judicia and pubic administration reforms; improving citizen participation and awareness; and assisting in compiance with internationa commitments. In this priority area, the United Nations System anticipates the foowing outcome of its deveopment assistance: UNDAF Objective 1: By 2008, Government at a eves and civi society, incuding communities and individuas, are better enabed to reaise improved governance based on the rue of aw and human rights, with particuar emphasis on women and marginaized groups. adopted under this UNDAF Objective incude the foowing: Transparent, effective and efficient egisative and poicy frameworks and processes are estabished and impemented Effective and functioning systems of pubic administration are estabished at the nationa and sub-nationa eves, with capacity to deiver services to areas with greatest need Communities and individuas, especiay women and marginaised groups, participate effectivey in the deveopment and poitica processes More Afghans have increased access to a reformed, comprehensive and effective justice system Sustainabe Liveihoods Sustainabe economic growth that brings improvements in standards of iving to a segments of the popuation is the continuing economic chaenge confronting Afghanistan. The annua per-capita income is sti beow US$200, and neary one out of every four househods is hungry. The transient poor, who are vunerabe to economic, poitica, environmenta and other shocks, raise numbers even higher. Athough the forma economy has started to perform strongy in the ast two years, up to 90 percent of the tota economy remains based in informa-sector jobs that are easy to find but ow in both productivity and pay. Nationwide, unempoyment stands at 32 percent and is highest among the age group Agricuture is overwhemingy centra to Afghan ife and provides about 52 percent of ega GDP; however, vast tracts of and continue to suffer andmine and Unexpoded Ordnance (UXO) contamination. In addition, evidence exists of expoitative empoyment conditions, particuary in the agricutura sector, eading to increased indebtedness for thousands of famiies. At the same time, the iicit economy, based on poppy cutivation for opium production, has rebounded to near-record eves, comprising about one-third of tota GDP in Whie the Government has set an objective of becoming a trade hub in Centra Asia, overa investor confidence in Afghanistan remains weak. Even so, athough the eve of economic growth is important, it is the pattern of growth that wi determine its sustainabiity: The more equitabe the growth, the more widey wi the fruits of economic expansion be distributed, especiay to the poor, and the greater wi be the ikeihood of socia stabiity. Key chaenges incude the need for an enabing environment; the need for support services, incuding key infrastructure, and market access; the need for increased access to capita and financia services, as we as andmine- and UXO-free and; and the need for advanced entrepreneuria skis, knowedge and technoogy. Interventions of the United Nations System wi focus on support to formuation of pro-poor poicies and strengthening capacities for poor and vunerabe groups through diversified income sources resuting from a combination of farm and nonfarm activities as strategies for weath accumuation or coping mechanisms against poverty. In this priority area, the United Nations System anticipates the foowing outcome of its deveopment assistance: UNDAF Objective 2: By 2008, more Afghans, particuary vunerabe groups, wi have increased and equitabe access to assets, activities and entitements that improve individuas sustainabe means of iving. 2 adopted under this UNDAF Objective incude: By 2008, the nationa poicy and panning framework more extensive provides for an enabing environment for the promotion of secure and sustainabe iveihoods By 2008, opportunities, skis, and and infrastructure that aow for active participation in a strengthened forma economy and private sector are improved, particuary for poor and vunerabe groups 2 Assets are defined as not ony natura/bioogica (and, water common-property resources, fora, fauna), but aso socia (community, famiy, socia networks), poitica (participation, empowerment), human (education, abour, heath nutrition), physica (roads, cinics, markets, schoos, bridges) and economic (jobs, savings, credit). Entitements refer to human rights poitica, socia and economic that are mandated and recognised by the internationa community.

9 Heath and Education Environment and Natura s Attainment of the highest standard of heath, nutrition, education and socia protection services are fundamenta rights of every person. Yet Afghanistan s socia indicators rank at or near the bottom among deveoping countries, inhibiting the fufiment of these rights as we as overa poverty reduction. At the same time, Afghanistan s system of governance has resuted in divisions of abour and financia responsibiity that give rise to serious weaknesses in Government s abiity to deiver adequate basic services to its constituencies. Heath conditions for women, infants and under-5 chidren are amongst the worst in the word. Average ife expectancy stands at ony 44.5 years, as much as 20 years ess than the regiona average in South Asia. Neary 7 in 10 rura dweers and 4 in 10 urban residents do not have access to safe water. Food insecurity is severe across the country, and chronic manutrition is disturbingy high; between 40 and 60 percent of Afghan chidren are stunted or chronicay manourished. Because of the coapse of the heath surveiance system, no reiabe data have been reported on HIV/AIDS or other STIs since eary 1992; however, the Afghan popuation is at risk on a number of fronts, incuding ack of heath services, unsafe bood suppy, very ow prevaence of condom use, increasing numbers of injecting drug users, high eves of poppy production and absence of pubic awareness. In education, despite the considerabe success of a 2003 back-to-schoo campaign, girs non-enroment in rura area remains amost 70 percent, and there continues to be a arge gender disparity in net enroment across the provinces. United Nations concerns under this Area of Cooperation are focused both on demand and deivery for quaity heath, nutrition and education access and services. For quaity heath care, the United Nations System wi support materna heath, chid heath and reproductive heath in particuar, with strategic approaches directed toward adoescents and youth and toward increasing the invovement of parents, caregivers and famiies in monitoring the progress of chidren s growth and deveopment. Improvements in quaity of education wi focus on decreasing the gender gap in areas with high gender disparities, among other issues. In this priority area, the United Nations System anticipates the foowing outcome of its deveopment assistance: UNDAF Objective 3: By 2008, equity and access improved for quaity heath and education services, as we as food security and nutrition improved, especiay for women and girs adopted under this UNDAF Objective incude: By 2008, Government at a eves is better abe to formuate and impement appropriate poicies and increase deivery of quaity services, especiay to areas of owest coverage, and to incorporate community inputs By 2008, communities are better aware of, and participate in, decision-making processes and service deivery By 2008, muti-sectora approach to HIV/AIDS/STIs and other communicabe diseases functions within Government and civi society, incuding CBOs, reigious eaders and media By 2008, gender-based vioence is addressed by Government and civi society as a priority heath and education issue By 2008, Afghans in areas with worst nutritiona status, particuary chidren and women, have improved nutritiona status To be sustainabe, economic growth cannot be achieved at the cost of environmenta and natura resource degradation. Indeed, such degradation represents a manifestation of deeper causes reative to weak institutions, conficting and unequa access to ownership, poverty, popuation pressures, urbanisation and insufficient training in good environmenta and natura resource management. Afghanistan continues to be highy vunerabe to environmenta damage that threatens the nation as we as the panet, given that up to 80 percent of Afghans remain dependent on natura resources for income and sustenance. Agricuture aone provides iveihoods for more than 60 percent of the popuation; the centraity of the agricuture sector is underscored because it is through this sector that diversified iveihoods poicies that wi be needed as a cornerstone of any successfu counter-narcotics strategy can be addressed. Natura disasters aso are confronted on a recurrent basis, incuding drought, earthquakes, disease epidemics, sandstorms and extremey harsh winters, a of which have a devastating effect, particuary on the poor. Since 1998 aone, more than 6.7 miion Afghans have been affected by such natura disasters, whie they aso must overcome the manmade disasters caused by the mines and Unexpoded Ordnance (UXO) that sti cover hundreds of square kiometres of and. The United Nations System has identified its roe in supporting the Government to achieve nationa and goba environmenta goas and better natura disaster response through creation of a stronger poicy environment and oca capacity buiding. In particuar, attention must be drawn to the Green Afghanistan Initiative (GAIN), an emerging integrated effort at environmenta recovery that so far invoves at east four Government Ministries and eight United Nations organisations; through this initiative, reforestation activities for drought mitigation aim at increasing natura vegetation and forest cover in key watershed areas; providing sustainabe iveihoods through the creation of home and communitybased nurseries; changing environmenta attitudes and behaviour through education, particuary in primary schoos; and buiding capacity at institutiona and community eves. In this priority area, the United Nations System anticipates the foowing outcome of its deveopment assistance: UNDAF Objective 4: By 2008, deveopment and impementation of environment and natura resource poicies strengthened at a eves of Government, incuding the community eve, to ensure proper management of, and appropriate education on, rare and important natura resources adopted under this UNDAF Objective incude the foowing: By 2008, Government is enabed to deveop and impement a ega and reguatory framework that ensures sustainabe use of natura resources By 2008, key stakehoders can better manage environmenta probems, distribution and use of natura resources, and understand the principes of sustainabe deveopment By 2008, Government and communities are better abe to prevent, prepare for, manage and respond to natura and manmade disasters, incuding mine action By 2008, ownership of, and equitabe access to, natura resources is increased

10 Cooperation Strategies Ceary, the needs and expectations for sustainabe human deveopment in Afghanistan and for achievement of goba goas, targets and principes ca for mutidimensiona partnerships, with the Government, among United Nations Agencies, and with other deveopment partners, incuding civi society. The United Nations wi pursue compementary and coaborative strategies in the interest of furthering concerted efforts toward nationa priorities, particuary incuding a partnership strategy that revoves around joint diaogue and maintaining a high-quaity environment for the State, civi society organisations, and the private sector. In particuar, the United Nations System wi strive to initiate inkages with biatera donors existing programmes; such donors aso wi provide compementary resources and technica assistance and inputs toward UNDAF objectives. Through poicy diaogue, the United Nations System wi faciitate a comprehensive approach to aid coordination, inking such coordination to the evoution of the institutiona, ega and administrative sectors. The United Nations System wi make particuar efforts to strengthen capacities of institutions and organisations at a eves, given that management capacities are needed to ensure sustainabe deveopment in a sectors. Lasty, through increased advocacy, the United Nations System aso wi support poicy makers on specific issues that it considers priorities. These strategies wi be further refined during UNDAF impementation through the coordination mechanisms discussed in Section 5. Some may require coaborative or joint programming or funding; others wi be a matter of concerted faciitation of access to data and research. The commonaity is with the peope and Government of Afghanistan to deiver assistance effectivey.

11 19 3 Estimated Requirements The estimated financia resources required by the United Nations System for its contribution to the achievement of each expected UNDAF Outcome are presented in the Mobiisation Targets of the UNDAF Resuts Matrices. These contributions incude (1) the financia aocations by each participating United Nations organisation, or direct resources; and (2) resources that organisations expect to mobiise during the UNDAF cyce in addition to their direct resources. The tabe presents a breakdown of targets by organisation and Area of Cooperation; the breakdown of the atter shoud be seen as indicative ony. The tota anticipated resources to be mobiised in support of UNDAF strategies amounts to US$1.367 biion. About 17 percent of the tota resources wi be spent within the focus area of Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights; 36 percent on Sustainabe Liveihoods; 20 percent on Heath and Education; and 27 percent on Environment and Natura s. This distribution refects UNCT priorities and nationa deveopment needs, as we as provides for aigning United Nations cooperation with overa deveopment assistance. It shoud aso be noted that resource commitments are made not through the UNDAF, but rather through in-country programmes or project documents, according to the procedures and approved mechanisms of each organisation. Given the differences in budgeting approaches of United Nations Agencies, the time frame of each programme varies as we.

12 21 4 Impementation The United Nations System, through the UNCT and the Resident Coordinator, wi be responsibe for the effectiveness of United Nations activities, especiay in cases where resources are combined. Technica Working Groups wi meet reguary and wi serve as the main mechanism for impementing and monitoring the UNDAF, under the oversight of the UNCT. Individua Working Group workpans on coaborative activities wi be deveoped with cear goas and objectives, to be integrated into the Annua Report and Workpan of the Resident Coordinator. At the same time, it has ong been recognised that a number of deveopment chaenges faced by the United Nations System require a strong partnership among the speciaised United Nations Agencies, incuding non-resident organisations, some of whom do not incude participation in the UNDAF in their mandate. The UNCT wi deveop a mechanism through which the vauabe knowedge and inputs of these speciaised Agencies can be engaged to further catayse the fu UNDAF impementation. Regiona cooperation aso wi be supported and encouraged with the Government, particuary in discussions on commitments to internationa treaties and United Nations instruments. 4.1 Focus on MDGs and the Most Vunerabe The overarching human security and peace buiding approach of the UNDAF offers the best prospect of achieving the MDGs and institutionaising the vaues of the Miennium Decaration. Likewise, it can everage the organisation s infuence to empower the Afghan peope to advance their own caims, to prevent discrimination and marginaisation, and to bridge the accountabiity deficits that have chronicay hampered deveopment progress. The principa framework for integration of human security and peace buiding into the work of the United Nations System in Afghanistan thus is represented by this UNDAF and the CCA 2004.

13 22 Throughout impementation of the UNDAF, the United Nations System wi focus on the most vunerabe groups in society, with expicit provisions for ensuring their active and effective participation in decision-making. Moreover, to contribute to the reduction of regiona and rura-urban disparities that underie much of the poverty in Afghanistan, the United Nations System wi target poor regions and specific impoverished groups. Particuar importance wi be given to effective inks between the State and civi society. 4.2 Harmonisation of Programme Cyces Among the UNDG Executive Committee Agencies, UNICEF s current programme cyce ends in December UNDP has no programme cyce in Afghanistan yet; however, its twoyear programme note aso ends in December WFP currenty has a Protracted Reief and Recovery Operation (PRRO) and proposes to have its next PRRO harmonised with the new United Nations programme cyce to benefit from synergies with other Agencies programmes. UNFPA wi foreshorten its programming cyce, which runs from 2004 through 2007, by one year. The duration of cyces varies among other Agencies, with most working on a biennia basis. Provisions of the UNDAF wi be impemented through the country cooperation frameworks and programmes agreed to by partner organisations in Afghanistan. Seection and definition of individua Agencies goas, outcomes and strategies wi be fuy consistent with the UNDAF. Individua Country Programmes and project documents aso wi specify how they contribute to UNDAF Objectives and cooperation strategies. 4.3 Deveopment Coordination Mechanisms A number of coordination fora at different eves aow for enhanced cooperation between mutiatera and biatera funding agencies in Afghanistan. Reguar to periodic Consutative Group meetings, comprised of Ministries, donors, United Nations Agencies, internationa organisations and NGOs, provide the overa framework for coordination support in key thematic areas. Within this arger context, suppementary Advisory Groups meet on severa crosscutting areas, incuding gender, environment, human rights, humanitarian affairs and monitoring and evauation within the budget. Such meetings offer opportunities for cooperation at the operationa eve as we as avoidance of dupication of efforts. The United Nations System wi continue to faciitate diaogue between the Government and the donor community on issues of common interest. It wi encourage improved coordination among the deveopment community through greater exchange of information and enhanced coaboration. In addition, the United Nations System wi continue its coaborative efforts in the area of common premises and services, which were continuousy upgraded since 2003, with seven United Nations bodies aready instaed in the United Nations Operations Centre in Afghanistan. The Security Management and Disaster Management Teams, meanwhie, constitute in-house mechanisms to find common positions to issues of concern to a, both programmatic and operationa.

14 25 5 Monitoring and Evauation Provisions for foow-up and review of the UNDAF are based on the principe that the UNDAF is a iving document. Because deveopment is a process, the UNDAF may have to be adapted to respond to changes in Afghanistan s economic, poitica or socia situations. The UNCT wi estabish continuous monitoring and evauation mechanisms that rey on a resuts-based management approach. A set of indicators has been formuated for each Country Team Outcome under each of the four priority Areas of Cooperation. [See the Monitoring and Evauation Framework in Annex B for comprehensive monitoring and evauation indicators to be used. A tentative Monitoring and Evauation Programme for Cyce Caendar workpan is contained in Annex C. 5.1 Interna Reviews During the UNDAF cyce, each Working Group wi undertake an annua interna review in order to assess the progress of impementation and the opportunities and constraints sti faced. These reviews wi invove partner agencies in Government, whenever appropriate, as we as other donor agencies that are members of the groups. Annua reviews aso wi aow adjustments in and Country Programme Outputs, if necessary. At the same time, the Working Groups wi estabish a inkage between the indicators estabished to measure UNDAF outputs and the contribution of these outputs to the achievement of the MDGs. Joint fied assessments and monitoring wi be promoted. In addition to the Annua Report of the Resident Coordinator, future Miennium Deveopment Goas Reports for Afghanistan wi serve as important means for reporting on and adjusting UNDAF activities. Overa, the UNCT, under the eadership of the Resident Coordinator, wi be responsibe for review and vaidation of the cooperation between organisations on the UNDAF priority areas to ensure that individua Agencies Country Programme documents refect such objectives as appropriate. It aso wi ensure the effective functioning of the Working Groups. Reguar UNCT meetings wi estabish an ongoing, high eve of information exchange and strengthen partnerships, as we as improve coordination and coaboration of the United Nations System as a whoe. Effective inter-agency coaboration wi be incuded in a Agency workpans and reviews.

15 Joint and Externa Reviews A joint mid-term evauation by the Government, United Nations System and other partners wi be conducted at the midpoint of the UNDAF period ( ), synchronised as much as possibe with respective Agencies mid-term Country Programme reviews. This wi provide the opportunity for any mid-course adjustments to ensure that United Nations efforts remain focused on nationa priorities. During this review, it wi be particuary important to re-examine the Programme s Framework. Simiary, a joint end-of-cyce evauation of the UNDAF wi occur. This wi be undertaken with the objective of obtaining substantive feedback on progress toward stated UNDAF outcomes in each priority area. It wi focus on (1) the contribution of the Agencies toward achieving the outcome, specificay, how compementary and coaborative programming has enhanced the effectiveness of the United Nations System; and (2) how much associated outcomes together have, or have not, contributed to achieving the desired impact, particuary through the MDGs. Achievements, essons earnt and best practices wi be disseminated, as wi constraints encountered, to inform the design of the next UNDAF. 100 Afghanistan - Progress of Provinces: Mutipe Indicator Custer Survey 2003, op.cit., pp ; and Securing Afghanistan s Future, op.cit., p. 25.

16 28 29 Acronyms & Abbreviations Annex A UNDAF Resuts Matrices ACSF ADB AIHRC AREU ASP CBNRM CBO CCA CDC CIDA CSO CT DFID DoE EC ENR FAO FBO GEF GTZ HIV/AIDS IARCSC ILO IMF IOM IRC ISAF JEMB MDG MAAH MFA MoE MoF MoJ MoLSA MoPH MRRD Afghan Civi Society Forum Asian Deveopment Bank Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission Afghan Research and Evauation Unit Afghanistan Stabiisation Programme Community Based Natura s Management Community Based Organisation Common Country Assessment Community Deveopment Counci Canadian Internationa Deveopment Agency Civi Society Organisation Country Team Department for Internationa Deveopment (United Kingdom) Department of Education European Commission Environment and Natura s Food and Agricuture Organization Farm Based Organisation Goba Environment Faciity Deutsche Geseschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Independent Administrative Reform and Civi Service Commission Internationa Labour Organisation Internationa Monetary Fund Internationa Organisation for Migration Internationa Rescue Committee Internationa Security Assistance Force Joint Eectora Management Body Miennium Deveopment Goa Ministry of Agricuture, Anima Husbandry and Food Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance Ministry of Justice Ministry of Labour and Socia Affairs Ministry of Pubic Heath Ministry of Rura Rehabiitation and Deveopment NDF NEEP NGO NHDR NRM NRVA PAR PRR TA UNAMA UNCT UNCTAD UNDAF UNDP UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIDO UNIFEM UNMACA UNODC UNOPS UNRC USAID UXO WB WFP WHO Nationa Deveopment Framework Nationa Emergency Empoyment Programme Non-Government Organisation Nationa Human Deveopment Report Natura s Management Nationa Risk and Vunerabiity Assessment Pubic Administration Reform Priority Reform and Restructuring Technica Assistance United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan United Nations Country Team United Nations Conference on Trade and Deveopment United Nations Deveopment Assistance Framework United Nations Deveopment Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educationa, Scientific and Cutura Organisation United Nations Popuation Fund United Nations Human Settements Programme United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Chidren s Fund United Nations Industria Deveopment Organisation United Nations Deveopment Fund for Women United Nations Mine Action Centre for Afghanistan United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime United Nations Office for Project Services United Nations Resident Coordinator United States Agency for Internationa Deveopment Unexpoded Ordnance Word Bank Word Food Programme Word Heath Organisation Area of Cooperation: Governance, Rue of Law and Human Rights Nationa priority or goas: Continued deveopment of a system of governance based on the rue of aw and the promotion and protection of the human rights of the Afghan peope in order to reinforce nationa unity, as aid down in the Afghan Constitution; the Government is committed to strengthen the institutiona and organisationa mechanisms that wi transate these rights into practice (Berin Decaration) To strengthen the rue of aw and impement measures that enhance the confidence of Afghans in their Government; to create a modern and effective civi service with gender equity in Government offices (NDF) UNDAF Objective by the end of the programme cyce: By 2008, Government at a eves and civi society, incuding communities and individuas, are better enabed to reaise improved governance based on the rue of aw and human rights, with particuar emphasis on women and marginaized groups UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNIFEM CT Outcome 1: By 2008, transparent, effective and efficient egisative and poicy frameworks and processes are estabished and impemented UNDP, UN-Habitat, UNIFEM CT Output 1.1: Rues, responsibiities and division of abour for the main egisative bodies are carified and their capacities strengthened within the framework Roe of Partners Government of Afghanistan (incuding Office of the President, MoJ, MoF, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Women s Affairs, MRRD, Ministry of Urban Deveopment, Eectora Commission) to design, impement and monitor programmes and provide poicy direction and technica inputs; members of Pariament to enact appropriate aws Civi society organisations, the private sector, nationa and internationa NGOs and media to undertake advocacy and provide inputs in the poicy formuation process, particuary the formuation of the poicy and ega framework for provincia, district and viage councis Other donors (anticipated, incuding France, Itay, USAID, DFID) to provide compementary resources and technica assistance and inputs or United Nations System to tie up with their existing programmes Mobiisation Targets (for a CT Outcomes) ILO: US$1.5 miion UNDP: $192 miion UNFPA: $20 miion UN-Habitat: $8.2 miion UNICEF: $2.8 miion UNIFEM: $4.5 miion Tota s: $229 miion