Modern Slavery Toolkit and Reference Guide. Slavery is closer than you think

Transcription

1 Modern Savery Tookit and Reference Guide Savery is coser than you think

2 Contents 1 What is Modern Savery 1.1 Definition 1.2 Types of modern savery 1.3 Smugging VS Trafficking 2 Risk factors, warning signs and ocations of concern 2.1 Risk factors of modern savery 2.2 Modern savery warning signs 2.3 Locations of concern 3 Barriers to victim co-operation 4 Key investigative considerations 4.1 Safety and support 4.2 Age assessment 4.3 Transation and interviews 4.4 Suspects 4.5 Crime scene 4.6 Evidentia items 5 The Nationa Referra Mechanism (NRM) 6 Crime recording 7 Tactica options in deaing with modern savery 8 Victim management 9 Legisation, the aw and civi orders 10 Contact detais Appendix A - Lorry drop guidance Appendix B - Poice officers aide memoire Inand orry drops

3 Savery is coser than you think... North Yorkshire Poice is committed to supporting victims of modern savery, and prosecuting those who commit or faciitate these crimes. Every frontine officer is responsibe for recognising the signs of modern savery and preventing it from happening. This tookit wi provide you with the necessary information and guidance to hep you achieve this. 1. What is Modern Savery? 1.1. Definition Modern Savery is the condition of a person over whom any or a of the powers attaching to the rights of ownership are exercised. Peope are treated as commodities and expoited for crimina gain. It is a goba crime which transcends age, gender, ethnicities, and borders. Victims of modern savery may have being brought egay or iegay from overseas, or they may be British citizens iving in the United Kingdom (U.K). The true extent of modern savery in the U.K and gobay is unknown, but the best estimates suggest that there are between 10-13,000 victims currenty in the U.K. and up to 45,000,000 wordwide (Goba Savery Index 2016). The accepted internationa definition of Human Trafficking (Paermo Protoco) is invariaby made up of three component parts: The ACTION the MEANS The PURPOSE Fraud Sexua Coercion expoitation Recruitment Transportation Transfer Harbouring Receipt Abduction Abuse of power Threat or use of force Abuse of a position of vunerabiity Deception Etc. Forced abour Forced criminaity Remova of organs Servitude Savery

4 Savery is coser than you think Types of modern savery (Source: modernsavery.co.uk) Human trafficking: Individuas are moved either internationay or domesticay so they can be expoited. If the trafficked individua is under 18 years od, then they are considered to be a chid. Forced or Compusory abour / Servitude: Victims are forced to work against their wi, often working very ong hours for itte or no pay in dire conditions, under verba or physica threats of vioence to them or their famiies. Servitude is an aggravated form of forced or compusory abour. Crimina expoitation: Victims are coerced into committing crimes such as cannabis cutivation, pick pocketing, shopifting and begging. Sexua expoitation: Victims are forced to perform nonconsensua or abusive sexua acts against their wi, such as prostitution, escort work and pornography. Whist women and chidren make up the majority of victims, men can aso be sexuay expoited. Debt bondage: Victims are forced to work to pay off debts that reaisticay they wi never be abe to pay off. Low wages and arbitrary deductions from wages mean not ony that they cannot ever hope to pay off the oan, but the debt may be passed down to their chidren. Coercion can be physica or psychoogica. Physica coercion can refer to the use of vioence, or be more subte e.g. the withhoding of trave documents. Psychoogica coercion can refer to the threat or perceived threat to the victim's reationship with other peope. This can incude backmai, grooming, witchcraft and socia stigma Smugging VS Trafficking Human smugging is NOT human trafficking. Human smugging is an immigration offence and a crime against the state. Human trafficking is a crime committed against the individua, and is an attack on their freedom and integrity. Human smugging is a highy profitabe business, which occurs when an individua seeks the hep of a faciitator to enter a country iegay, and the reationship between both parties ends once that objective is met. Human trafficking invoves the ongoing expoitation of an individua, and

5 Savery is coser than you think... can occur within a country or across nationa borders. It requires an eement of force, coercion or deception uness the victim is a chid in which case ony the act and the purpose are required. Despite the distinct differences between the two offences, it is important to remember that a smugged person may be vunerabe to expoitation at any point aong their journey. The tragic circumstances in which migrants are driven away from their homeands have generated both a serious humanitarian crisis and given rise to numerous opportunities for transnationa crimina networks to expoit the desperation and vunerabiity of migrants (Interpo, 2016). In ight of recent terrorist attacks and continued migratory pressures on the European Union (E.U), there is a growing concern that migrant smugging networks may aso be used by opportunistic radicaised fighters wishing to enter the U.K. More than 90% of the migrants reaching the E.U. are faciitated, mosty by members of a crimina network. In 2015, migrant smugging networks in the E.U are estimated to have had a turnover of between three and five biion pounds. From a geographica perspective, the smugging routes used for faciitating migration are often very simiar to the ones used for the trafficking of other commodities such as drugs, weapons, or other goods. The existence of common routes provides a natura incentive for groups to simutaneousy participate in the trafficking of severa commodities. Commony referred to as orry drops, vehice based smugging is an ever increasing phenomenon across the U.K. It is not simpe 'orry drops' we are deaing with, but a symptom of the presence and activity of highy sophisticated and we-structured organised crimina groups. With every orry drop comes a rich source of data and inteigence needed to combat modern savery, human smugging, and the trafficking of iicit commodities (drugs, weapons, frauduent identity documents etc.). Pease see appendix A and B for documents provided by Immigration Enforcement to assist with inand orry drops. 2. Risk factors, warning signs and ocations of concern Know the risk factors, warning signs and ocations of concern

6 Savery is coser than you think... that way you are better prepared on how to spot modern savery Risk factors of modern savery Anyone regardess of age, gender, ethnicity and sexuaity, can be at risk of modern savery. However, traffickers or modern savery faciitators often target vunerabe individuas as they are easier to coerce. Particuary vunerabe groups incude: Poor peope Homeess peope / Missing from Homes Acohoics / Drug addicts Peope who ack education Chidren brought up in socia care Mentay and/or physicay i peope Victims of domestic vioence Iega immigrants Former victims of modern savery and human trafficking 2.2. Modern savery warning signs Physica and psychoogica indicators: Victims may show signs of injuries (resuting from assaut, mutiation, ack of safety equipment at work, etc.) Victims may suffer drug or acoho addictions. Victims may show signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (anxiety, hostiity, aggression, ack of concentration, inabiity to reca ). Victims may have tattoos or other marks denoting ownership. Victims may have contracted sexuay transmitted diseases and have other gynaecoogica symptoms (urinary or vagina infections, pevic infammation/pain, irreguar beeding ). Victims may be pregnant. Victims may have suicida feeings, and/or show signs of sef-harm. Victims may ook manourished and unkempt. Situationa or Environmenta indicators: Victims may be afraid / anxious to te their story due to fear of reprisas. Victims may show distrust of authorities due to corruption in their country of origin. Victims may not be in possession of their own passport or trave documents, and may fear divuging their immigration status.

7 Savery is coser than you think... Victims may act as if instructed by another, or have others speaking on their behaf. Victims may te their stories with obvious errors as they are earnt and not theirs. Victims may appear unfamiiar with their neighbourhood or where they work. Victims may be fearfu and emotiona about their famiy and dependents. Victims may speak imited Engish and have a vocabuary reating to their expoitative situation. Victims may ive and/or work in degrading, unsanitary or overcrowded conditions, and not have any private space. Victims may have their movement controed or restricted. Victims may be isoated from famiy and friends and have imited socia interaction. Victims may ack access to medica care. Victims may work excessivey ong hours and/or may not have a abour contract. Victims may have very few items of cothing. Victims may receive itte or no payment and/or have no access to their earnings. Signs that a chid may have been trafficked: The chid ooks intimidated and behaves in a way that does not correspond with behaviour typica of chidren of his/her age. The chid has been brought from another country and/or has fase documents or no passport or trave documents. The chid is with an adut, but it is uncear what their reationship is, or there are concerns about the reationship between parent and chid. The chid is orphaned or separated from famiy members. The chid frequenty goes missing from home, or is homeess. The chid is unabe or reuctant to give detais of accommodation or persona detais. The chid possesses money or goods that cannot be accounted for. The chid is not registered with a G.P. or enroed in a schoo. Unreated or new chidren are found at the same address. The chid dispays physica symptoms such as pregnancy, STDs or evidence of assaut.

8 Savery is coser than you think... The chid rarey eaves the house, has no freedom of movement and no time for paying. The chid eats apart from famiy members. The chid is engaged in work that is not suitabe for chidren, or is seen in inappropriate paces such as brothes and factories. The chid gives a prepared story which is very simiar to stories given by other chidren. Unaccompanied and/or intentionay dispaced chidren are at particuar risk. 2.3 Locations of concern Modern savery operates in a variety of pubic and private ocations. However, high risk industries for forced abour incude: construction, food packaging and processing, agricuture, and fisheries. Brothes and escort websites can be used to faciitate sexua expoitation. Many brothes operate out of short term or hoiday ettings and hote rooms. These are referred to as pop up brothes. The victims work out of these ocations for just a few days at a time before they move on to a new ocation. Custom is generated via onine advertising on sites such as and 3. Barriers to victim cooperation Victims of modern savery may be unwiing to discose detais of their experience or may fai to recognise themseves as a victim for a number of reasons incuding: Fear of punishment at the hands of the traffickers Fear of punishment at the hands of authorities (rea or imagined) Fear of deportation. Fear of reprisas against famiy members Fear of discrimination from their community and famiies (e.g.: Stigma/shame as a resut of sexua expoitation) Situationa dependency and a ack of awareness of the hep and support avaiabe Victims may fee responsibe for their situation/may have consented to eements of their expoitation Cutura differences i.e. chidren may see themseves as young aduts with a responsibiity to hep provide for their famiy. Fear of juju or witchcraft ceremonies.

9 Savery is coser than you think... Stockhom syndrome. Beief that their current situation is ony temporary and a stepping stone to a better future. Victims' eary accounts may be affected by the impact of trauma, and dispay symptoms of hostiity and/or aggression, as we as difficuties in concentrating, in recaing detais, or even remembering entire episodes. Errors or ack of reaity may aso be because their initia stories are composed by others, or earnt. 4. Key investigative considerations 4.1 Safety and support Address any immediate heath concerns, keeping in mind forensic opportunities and the possibiity of any sexua offences being discosed. Remove victims from the pace of expoitation and away from potentia perpetrators. Separate but do not isoate potentia victims from one another. Provide suitabe aternative cothing and toietries. Do NOT use forensic suits/prisoner cothing. Provide substantia meas and refreshments, but seek advice if manutrition is suspected. Dispe any fears or anxieties. Victims may be in fear of the poice due to corruption and bad practices in their country of origin. Identify a victim iaison officer who wi offer continuity and consistency and hep deveop a rapport with the victim. Expain the NRM process thoroughy and seek the victim's consent for referra. Take the necessary measures to prevent the victim from going missing or being re-trafficked, by arranging safe and supervised accommodation if required Age assessment In some cases, it may be uncear whether or not the victim is younger than 18. Aside from the physica, sexua or emotiona abuse they may have suffered, many trafficked chidren and young peope have been forced by their traffickers to te a made-up story if they are questioned. A of these factors may impact on the victim's abiity to participate fuy and openy in an age assessment. As such: Age assessments shoud ony be carried out where there is

10 Savery is coser than you think... significant reason to doubt that the caimant is a chid, as the repeated questioning of the chid or young person's credibiity and identity can eave him/her feeing angry and bewidered, and affect the way s/he engages with socia workers. Where there is uncertainty about age, a suspected victim must be presumed to be a chid and be accorded specia protection measures pending assessment of their age. Particuar care must be given to panning accommodation for potentia victims who may be at risk of going missing very soon after discovery e.g. bed and breakfast accommodation is not suitabe for any minor, even on an emergency basis. The venue for the age assessment interview(s) needs to be conducive to heping the chid or young person fee safe and comfortabe. Poice stations are not considered appropriate for conducting age assessments. More information on age assessments: ADCS Age Assessment Guidance [Avaiabe onine] 4.3. Transation & Interviews Provide victims with access to an accredited interpreter. Consider the gender of the interpreter and any cutura issues or sensitivities. Do not use other potentia victims as interpreters as they may be apha victims or potentia offenders who wi infuence the victim. If in any doubt, contact the Human Trafficking Team (UKHTC) on Suspects Consider that suspects coud aso be victims of modern savery e.g. apha victims, and be subject to threats and coercion themseves. Remember that expoitation incudes forced criminaity e.g. begging, shop theft, cannabis cutivation, etc. Therefore suspects who indicate that they have been expoited to commit such criminaity wi have a statutory defence under Section 45 Modern Savery Act If a suspect raises a statutory defence under Section 45 of the Modern Savery Act 2015, you shoud seek a disposa decision from the CPS. You shoud NOT charge a suspect AND simutaneousy submit an NRM referra as this coud ead to the punishment of a victim. Assess the risk to the victim(s) and impement suitabe contro

11 Savery is coser than you think... measures if a suspect is reeased on bai e.g. bai conditions, use of civi orders etc Crime scene Treat victims, the ocation/s where the expoitation took pace (incuding vehices used to transport potentia victims), and the suspects themseves as potentia crime scenes. Section 12 of the Modern Savery Act provides a constabe with the power to detain/seize any vehice, boat or pane. Commence scene ogs where appropriate. Consut a Crime Scene Manager at the eariest opportunity Evidentia items Identity documents - Passports, driving icences, Nationa Insurance cards may provide evidence of forgery, identity theft and benefit fraud. Trave documentation Fight and train tickets, baggage tags and trave abes, hote bookings, taxi and petro receipts may identify routes and points of entry. They may aso hep evidence the Act of trafficking, incuding the transport or transfer of individuas. Teecommunications - Contact ists, SIM cards, text messages, contact and browsing histories, navigation app memories, photos, saved fies, use of apps etc. may a provide inteigence into the wider organised crime network and the scae of the criminaity invoved. Bank documentation Credit cards, bank statements, pay sips, oan agreements, benefit statements and tax credit receipts may identify opportunities for CCTV evidence as we as identifying the fow of money and the hierarchica arrangements of the organised crime groups. Empoyment documentation Duty sheets, pay sips, address books, diaries, contracts, documents from recruitment agencies may evidence working arrangements, ocations, faciitators, service avaiabe etc. 5. The Nationa Referra Mechanism (NRM) The Nationa Referra Mechanism is the process by which peope who may be victims of modern savery are identified, referred, assessed, and supported in the U.K. If you think you have encountered a victim of modern savery, you shoud compete a NRM form and send it to the reevant Competent Authority at: UKHTC@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk

12 Savery is coser than you think... Remember that you have a duty of care towards any potentia victim of modern savery regardess as to whether or not they have consented to enter the NRM. You must aways take reasonabe steps to ensure their safety once they have eft your immediate care. Modern savery and human trafficking are very ucrative forms of criminaity and some perpetrators wi go to considerabe engths to recover and protect their sources of income. Faiure to take reasonabe steps may resut in the re-expoitation of the victim. Phase 2: Reasonabe Grounds Decision The NRM team has 5 working days from receipt of the referra to decide whether there are reasonabe grounds to beieve the individua is a potentia victim (PV). The threshod is from the information avaiabe so far, I beieve but cannot prove that the individua is a PV. Yes The PV is accepted in the NRM and gains access to speciaist taiored support deivered by the Savation Army (e.g. access to reevant ega advice, accommodation. protection, practica hep etc.) for at east 45 days whie their case is considered in fu. No - Accommodation and support is ony provided by the Savation Army if the PV is destitute. Phase 3: Concusive Grounds decision During the 45 day refection and recovery period, the Competent Authority gathers further information reating to the referra to make a concusive decision on whether the referred person is a victim. The threshod is it is more ikey than not that the individua is a victim Yes - If the PV is concusivey identified as a victim of trafficking or modern savery, what happens next depends on their wishes (e.g. possibe discretionary eave to remain in the UK, support to return to home country, etc.) Phase 1: NRM referra from First Responder to UKHTC. No - If at any stage the referred person is confirmed not to be a victim of trafficking or modern savery then dependent on the circumstances they may be referred to the appropriate aw enforcement agency. The potentia risk posed to a victim once they have eft your care must be evauated on a case by case basis, but as a guide, you shoud consider: The nature of the expoitation suffered / suspected and the methods of coercion / force / deception used. Whether the victim has safe and suitabe accommodation to go to. Whether the victim has money to pay for food and accommodation. Whether the victim can provide a specific address and contact teephone number. Whether the victim can communicate effectivey. Whether the victim is physicay fit and we. Whether the victim has articuated any sef-harm or suicida tendencies, or dispayed any menta heath issues. Whether the victim has any acoho or drug addictions. Whether the victim is isoated from friends and famiy. The victim's immigration status and whether they are in possession of their documentation The contro measures that can be imposed against any

13 Savery is coser than you think... suspects e.g. bai conditions, remand appications, seizure of vehices and mobie phones, Savery and Trafficking Risk Orders etc. At the present moment there is very itte practicabe hep and support avaiabe to a potentia victim of modern savery and human trafficking unti they have been accepted into the NRM. If a victim is destitute then the Savation Army may assist. If not, you wi need to expore a potentia options incuding oca Charities/NGOs and EDT/Socia Care, which coud provide temporary accommodation and support (see contact detais p.14). In some circumstances, it might be necessary for North Yorkshire Poice to meet the cost of providing emergency support. If and when a victim is accepted into the NRM, the Savation Army takes the responsibiity of providing him/her with accommodation and support. 6. Crime Recording A crime shoud be recorded if: 1. The circumstances of the victim's report amount to a crime; and 2. There is no credibe evidence to the contrary immediatey avaiabe. The victim's beief that they have been expoited wi usuay be sufficient to justify the recording of a crime. Where the victim indicates that they have been expoited AND where they consent, a NRM form must be submitted to UKHTC@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk Where the above rues are met but the victim refuses to consent to entering the NRM process, a crime shoud sti be recorded and a MS1 form shoud be submitted to dutytonotify@homeoffice.gsi.gov.uk If the victim does not sef-identify or consent to entering the NRM, but you sti suspect that s/he is a victim of modern savery, then a MS1 form shoud be competed. In these circumstances, a crime shoud ony be created if there is corroborating evidence to support your suspicion. A competed NRM and MS1 forms shoud aso be scanned onto the reevant occurrence and sent to modernsavery@northyorkshire.pn n.poice.uk to assist with interna compiance and monitoring procedures. To crime an occurrence using a crime tempate, seect: 1. HO Group: Vio against person 2. HO Cass: 36/06 Hod person in

14 Savery is coser than you think... savery or servitude; or 36/07 Require person to perform forced or compusory abour; or 36/08 Arrange or faciitate the trave of another person with a view to expoitation. To find the reevant offences under the Home Office Counting Rues on the Nationa Crime Recording Standards subsite, seect: 1. Vioence against the person 2. Vioence without injury Modern Savery and then either: 36/06 Hod person in savery or servitude; or 36/07 Require person to perform forced or compusory abour; or 36/08 Arrange or faciitate the trave of another person with a view to expoitation. There are a number of other offences created under the Modern Savery Act, but the above are the most common. A cases of modern savery shoud be recorded in addition to the most serious additiona victim based offence invoving the same victimoffender reationship. For exampe: a warrant is executed at a brothe and three foreign nationa sex workers indicate that they have been trafficked for the purposes of sexua expoitation, and that they were a raped by a mae upon arriva in the U.K.. In this case, there woud be three recorded crimes for modern savery (36/08) and three recorded crimes for rape. 7. Tactica options in deaing with modern savery North Yorkshire Poice has a mora and ega duty to protect ife and prevent inhumane and degrading treatment. Immediate steps must be taken if an individua is identified as being at risk of serious harm. If you suspect that a modern savery offence has been committed or is being committed, you must notify your supervisor straight away, and the investigative response shoud be overseen by a Detective Inspector. Consider whether anyone coud be endangered by your actions or inactions, and remember your poice powers and responsibiities: Section 17 PACE aows an officer to enter a premise to save ife or imb or arrest a person for an indictabe offence if they have reasonabe grounds for beieving that the person they seek is on the premise.

15 Savery is coser than you think... Section 24 PACE aows a constabe to arrest anyone who is about to commit an indictabe offence, is committing an indictabe offence or has reasonabe grounds to suspect either one of the above. It aso provides a power to arrest where there are reasonabe grounds to suspect that an indictabe offence has been committed. The threshod for suspicion is ow. You do not need to evidence the offence nor beieve that it has occurred before you take action. Conduct a harm reduction visit as per the new sex workers guidance procedure. Conduct a compiance visit with a reguatory partner e.g. Gangmasters Licencing Authority, Immigration enforcement, Fire Service, Heath and Safety Executive, Environmenta Heath and Protection etc. Utiise PNC, PND, NICHE, ANPR, DARPA, GAIN referras, SIENA, (exchange of operationa and strategic crime-reated information and inteigence between Europo and Member States), financia checks and open source research to further deveop the inteigence. Consider the necessity and proportionaity of submitting ACD and DSA appications, and whether your aims and objectives can be achieved through ess intrusive means. Such appications can enhance your inteigence and evidentia gathering capabiities. The Covert Standards Unit wi provide the necessary guidance if contacted. Where sexua expoitation is suspected, conduct an open source search on: These are three of the most common U.K escort websites. Research may provide photos of victims as we as phone numbers and evidence of the offence under investigation. Consider the Organised Crime Unit's remit as the force ead for modern savery and human trafficking investigations, and how/when they are consuted. Enist the support of NGOs during panned operations. The barriers to victim co-operation take time to break down. NGOs such as Hope for Justice are we paced to invest this time The UKHTC has a POTAC adviser on duty 24 hours a day. If in any doubt, ca

16 Savery is coser than you think... Key partners in reation to disruption activity and information sharing The foowing is a ist of agencies and services that have powers reating to some ocations and premises where modern savery may be taking pace, and coud therefore participate in disruption activity. This ist is not exhaustive and does not incude organisations from the private and vountary sectors, which coud aso pay a key roe in disruption activity. Poice Socia workers Fire and Rescue Service Housing providers Trading standards Loca authority icensing Loca authority panning Community safety Youth offending service Department for Work and Pensions Benefit fraud investigations HM Revenue and Customs UK Border Agency. 8. Victim management When deaing with victims of modern savery, officers shoud: Be patient, and isten activey - Remember that victims may present in many different ways they may be quiet and withdrawn or they may appear oud, streetwise, and may even be vioent or abusive. Show an interest in the person as a whoe, and accept that it may take time to buid your reationship with him/her. Be non-judgementa - Victims of expoitation, - particuary of sexua expoitation - may fee ashamed, and may be afraid of further judgement from professionas. It is extremey important in your engagement with them that you do not judge them. Manage YOUR expectations: The barriers to victim cooperation are numerous and can be very compex. Some discosures may ony be made once trust and rapport has been estabished. This can take time. Whist your efforts might not yied any obvious resuts, the professionaism and compassion that you show might be the catayst for a discosure in subsequent contacts with the poice. 9. Legisation, the aw and civi orders Under the ECHR, everyone is entited to the right to ife, iberty and security; no one sha be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. North Yorkshire Poice has a duty to protect individuas from the vioation of these

17 Savery is coser than you think... fundamenta rights. Other pieces of egisation can aso be used to support these rights: The Modern Savery Act 2015 The Modern Savery Act came into force on 31st Juy 2015 and consoidates existing savery and trafficking offences. Section 1 provides an offence of savery, servitude and forced or compusory abour. 1(1) A person commits an offence if - The person hods another person in savery or servitude and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is hed in savery or servitude, or The person requires another person to perform forced or compusory abour and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is being required to perform forced or compusory abour. Section 1 of the Modern Savery Act does not require any eement of movement of the victim. Section 2 provides for a singe offence of human trafficking covering sexua and non-sexua expoitation. 2(1) A person commits an offence if the person arranges or faciitates the trave of another person with a view of [the victim] being expoited. It is irreevant whether [the victim] has consented to the trave; it is the intent that is reevant. Section 4 makes it an offence to commit another offence with a view to committing a trafficking offence under section 2 e.g. kidnapping or fase imprisonment. Sections 23 to 29 reate to Savery and Trafficking Orders (STRO). Savery and trafficking risk orders restrict the activity of individuas who have not been convicted of a modern savery offence but who pose a risk of committing any such offence. It has effect for at east two years or unti further order. Savery and trafficking prevention orders Restricts the activity of those who have aready been convicted of a modern savery offence, and has effect for at east five years or unti further order. Chidren Act 1989 Section 46 empowers an officer to remove a chid to suitabe

18 Savery is coser than you think... safe accommodation if there is reason to beieve that the chid woud otherwise be at risk of significant harm. Sexua Offences Act 2003 Section 14 It is an offence to arrange or faciitate a chid sex offence (chid under 16). Section 47 It is an offence to pay for the sexua services of a chid. Section 48, 50 It is an offence to cause, incite, arrange or faciitate chid prostitution or pornography. Section 49 It is an offence to contro a chid prostitute or a chid invoved in pornography. Section 57 to 59: It is an offence to traffic a chid into, within or out of the UK for sexua expoitation. Section 103A 103K - Sexua Harm Prevention Orders (SHPO) can be made in reation to a person who has been convicted of or cautioned for a sexua offence (incuding offences committed overseas) and who poses a risk of sexua harm to the pubic. The Order can contain any prohibitions aimed at protecting chidren and others. Section 122A-122k - Sexua Risk Orders (SRO) may impose any restriction the court deems necessary for the purposes of protecting the pubic from harm, and requires the individua concerned to notify the poice of their name and address, incuding where this information changes. For a SRO to be imposed, the individua does not need to have committed an offence. A SRO is avaiabe on free-standing appication to a magistrates' court by the poice or Nationa Crime Agency. Anti-Socia Behaviour Act 2003 Section 1 aows the poice to impose cosure notices on premises which they have reasonabe grounds to beieve have been used in connection with the unawfu use, production or suppy of a Cass A controed drug, and that the use of the premises is associated with the occurrence of disorder or serious nuisance to members of the pubic. This may be usefu where it is known that premises are being used to hod 'parties' where chidren and/or young peope are being sexuay expoited and it can be shown that drugs are being suppied.

19 10. Contact detais for Partners Savery is coser than you think... UK Human Trafficking Centre (UKHTC) Part of the Nationa Crime Agency Competent authority for the NRM Te: Fax: Emai: Web: Provides advice on how to compete the NRM form, and 24/7 tactica and operationa advice on investigations, pre-panned operations, retrospective investigations and victim and witness care. An Inteigence Deveopment Team deveops assessments and acts as a centra trafficking inteigence repository Contros migration and carries out immigration and customs checks. UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) Part of the Home Office Competent authority for the NRM Te: / Emai:commandandcontrounit@home office.gsi.gov.uk Web: /organisations/uk-visas-andimmigration Receives automatic referras from the UKHTC for cases of non- European Economic Area (non-eea) nationas who are subject to immigration contro. Receives referras for cases of non- EEA nationas with no active immigration issues after the UKHTC has competed the reasonabe grounds decision. Processes appications for permission to enter and stay in the U.K, and appications to become a British citizen. Home Office Nationa Document Fraud Unit (NDFU) Te: Emai:ndfu.dutymanager@homeoffice. gsi.gov.uk NCA CEOP Command Te: Web: Provides information on genuine, forged, counterfeit and fantasy documents to aw enforcement agencies nationay and overseas. Operates in the U.K and overseas to identify and prosecute onine and offine chid sex offenders, incuding those invoved in the production, distribution and viewing of chid abuse materia.

20 Savery is coser than you think... The Savation Army - Currenty hods the Adut Human Trafficking Victim Care and Coordination contract funded by the U.K government, and as such has the responsibiity to support potentia victims who are referred into the NRM. Te: +44 (0) Emai info@savationarmy.org.uk Web: human-trafficking Provides victims with a recovery and refection period of at east 45 days from the time the Savation Army is contacted to the time the competent authority makes a concusive grounds decision. Provides secure accommodation, access to heath services and treatment, speciaist counseing, crimina and immigration-reated ega advice. Provides support to contact famiy and friends. Home Office Command and Contro Unit Te: Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Compex Case Units Te: Emai: enquiries@cps.gsi.gov.uk Modern savery cases are managed by the CPS in 15 regiona compex casework units, which hande cases that are substantia, compex or have an internationa eement. Provides expert ega guidance to the poice during a modern savery investigation, incuding advice on cutura issues that may infuence a case. Gangmasters Licensing Authority (GLA) First responder to the NRM Te: Emai: inteigence@ga.gsi.gov.uk Web: Reguates the activities of gangmasters in the agricuture, horticuture, shefish gathering, and food and drink processing and packaging sectors, in accordance with the Gangmasters (Licensing) Act Provides expert witness evidence on abour expoitation. 24/7 capabiity for urgent depoyment of resources throughout an investigation, incuding inteigence officers with foreign anguage skis, trained in Achieving Best Evidence in Crimina Proceedings interviewing. Financia inteigence capabiity. Can work aongside partner agencies in cases of joint interest. Hope for Justice Works cosey with West Yorkshire Poice Te: Emai: info@hopeforjustice.org Web: Identifies and rescues victims, and advocates on their behaf. Provides restorative care. Trains frontine professionas to tacke savery.

21 Savery is coser than you think... CPS Liaison Magistrates - Usuay work from the host country's Ministry of Justice, currenty in France, Spain, Itay, the USA, the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan. Provides support with drafting and transmitting etters of request to the host country and vice versa Updates the poice about U.K etters of request Advises on executing European arrest warrants Faciitates and advises on extradition and mutua ega assistance between the host country and the U.K Pam Cove Society Te: (Leeds) or (Bradford) Web: Provides speciaist accommodation and support to victims of modern savery. Africans Unite Against Chid Abuse (AFRUCA) Te: Emai: info@afruca.org Web: Advocates the safeguarding of African chidren from cruety and abuse. Offers training to tacke chid abuse inked to a faith or beief, incuding witchcraft and juju. U.K Missing Persons Bureau U.K's nationa and internationa point of contact for missing person and unidentified body cases Te: Emai:missingpersonsbureau@nca.pnn. poice.uk or missingpersonsbureau@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk Web: Nationa and internationa crossmatching of outstanding missing individuas with unidentified peope, bodies and remains. Provides procedura assistance regarding effective retrieva and retention of forensic materia. Provides tactica advice and support on suspicious cases. Coates and disseminates good practice in missing person enquiries. Provides training to forces on missing and unidentified case investigations. Anti-Savery Internationa Te: Emai: info@antisavery.org Web: Works at oca, nationa and internationa eves to eiminate a forms of savery around the word

22 Savery is coser than you think... Ashiana Sheffied Te: Emai: Web: Provides support to Back, Asian, Minority Ethnic and Refugee (BAMER) aduts, chidren and young peope trafficked for the purposes of sexua expoitation or domestic abuse. Barnardo's Te: Fax: Web: Provides support services to victims of trafficking up to 24 years of age. Advocates positive change to U.K anti-trafficking egisation. Heen Bamber Foundation Te: Emai: Web: Provides therapeutic care and medica consutation, ega protection and practica support NSPCC Chid Trafficking Advice Centre Te: Emai: Offers direct assistance to professionas deaing with chidren who show signs of being trafficked. Caritas Bakhita House Te: Emai: Web: Provides: emergency support for victims across the U.K Psychosexua therapy Lega and financia assistance Mentoring Hep with accessing accommodation Education and empoyment opportunities for women Kaayaan Te: Emai: Web: Heps migrant domestic workers in the U.K to access their rights. Offers immigration and empoyment advice, and Engish anguage casses to those in need. Stop the Traffik Te: Emai: Increases oca community awareness of modern savery through campaigns, incuding Taxis Against Trafficking.

23 Savery is coser than you think... The Chidren's Society Te: org.uk Web: Provides drop-in services, advice and counseing to chidren who have run away and are at risk on the streets. Unseen U.K Emai: Web: Provides safe accommodation for women of 18 years+ who have been trafficked for the purposes of sexua expoitation and domestic servitude. Provides medica care, counseing, ega and financia assistance, education, immigration advice and assistance with returning to their home country or residing in the U.K.

24 Appendix A Lorry drop guidance 1. Safety and Wefare ROAD: Danger from road users to officers or occupants of any reevant vehice. AIR: Different vehices [or containers within vehices] can represent suffocation hazards. LOAD: Danger from disodged oads, incuding buk materias in tankers 2. En route to or from a port? Vehices may not necessariy be traveing from a port. Candestines may be smugged outbound. Wherever the incident, accurate mapping is vita. Use phones or satnav to obtain ongitudina / atitudina, motorway marker posts or simiar to identify the precise ocation. 3. Driver compicit? Some drivers may be unaware of candestine migrants (CLD) presenty in their vehice. Some drivers may be compicit, whether acting aone, via an agent, or within an OCG making reguar journeys. Savery is coser than you think Evidence from candestines Questions / Interview / Language / scripted repies. (fu persona detais and famiy groupings) Phones / documents / pocket itter. Be cautious about apha nominas potentiay mixed within other CLDs. 5. Evidence on vehice Fu detais, identification pates, sign writing, deivery instruction notes etc. Evidentia significance of tampered ocks or tit cords, incuding suspected 'fase tampering' used by drivers to convince authorities that they are not compicit. Evidence of CO2 avoidance (e.g. arge pastic bags to catch exhaed air) Tachograph evidence of breaks during the journey and timing. Potentia drugs or other crimina commodity Conceaments and oad type Satnav history NOTE: Vehices may need recovery or scene guard

25 Savery is coser than you think Evidence from driver Questioning a persona detais Phones Documents / cash 7. Inteigence Loca and Nationa ANPR research may revea inteigence and evidence of journeys and significant vehices in convoy. The hauier, vehice, driver or profie of the event may aready be inked to inteigence or existing investigations by NCA, Poice of Home Office CFI teams. Any inteigence must be disseminated to correct ocations, incuding OP Snowbird, the Home Office's inteigence unit specificay deaing with candestine migrant movement from Europe into the U.K: BFSouthEastandEuropeOperation Snowbird@homeoffice.gsi.go.uk Inteigence, incuding phone downoad data, nomina or vehice entities shoud aso be directed to Europo foca point checkpoint and joint operation team 'MARE' via a SIENA message (SEROCU or HO-IE). 8. Hep and advice For hep with HGV / TACHO / or hazardous roads consider the Roads Poicing Unit. For hep with process, procedure or assistance from Home Office resources ring the Nationa Command and Contro Unit on Additiona assistance: divisiona / force or Regiona MS/OIC SPOC / Human trafficking Nationa advice 24/7 Tactica advice NCA: Hep from operation Snowbird team Investigative primacy Whether the vehice is a sma car or arge HGV, whether it contains migrants or expoited individuas, it is NOT the soe jurisdiction of one agency. Whist crime teams within Home Office Immigration Enforcement have experience and expertise in organised immigration crime investigations, there may be a need for poice investigators or other aw enforcement agency to take primacy or to seek a coaborative approach.

26 Savery is coser than you think... Drivers suspected of being compicit shoud be arrested for S.25 Immigration Act 1971 (assisting unawfu immigration (by NON- EU citizen) into the UK) 10. What next? Modern Savery and Organised Immigration Crime are Nationa Strategic Priorities. Inteigence and upstream opportunities are sought after at a regiona and nationa eve. Pease consut with your force SPOC and ensure notabe events are incuded in DMM submissions.

27 Appendix B Poice officers aide memoire Inand orry drops In every instance where candestines are encountered, Contact CCU: Your actions are necessary in order to: a) Hep identify names and nationaities of persons who have entered the UK iegay; b) Hep ascertain (and secure/preserve evidence) invovement of any organised criminaity incuding identifying potentia victims of human trafficking; and c) Gather and disseminate information to Inteigence Teams. If vehice is present, ascertain/record Driver detais (Name, D.O.B, nationaity, address, mobie phone number) Vehice index numbers (both tractor and traier units for articuated vehices) company, owner(s)' detais) Description of vehice (i.e. HGV, PSV, soft sided, hard sided, tanker, refrigerated unit, van etc.) Savery is coser than you think... Where in/on the vehice were the migrants conceaed / seen to emerge from. Any evidence of security used (Locks, tit cords, etc.) Any evidence of insecurity (Cuts to sides, roof, tit cord, etc.) Is the vehice inbound or outbound? Which port did the vehice enter the UK through and when? (Ticket detais if possibe) Was the vehice searched at the port of embarkation? (Any papers to evidence this?) Where did the vehice commence its journey? Was the traier picked up en route or has it been with the tractor unit the whoe time? Were any stops made en route? If so, where and for how ong? What oad was carried? Where was it oaded? What was the vehices' intended destination? If safe to do so, search the vehice in case any items have been discarded (e.g. phones, ID documents etc.)

28 Savery is coser than you think... No vehice present (a) Highight to CCU the detais of any migrant who: Is in possession of three or more mobie phones; Is in possession of amounts of money exceeding 1000 or E1000; Speaks good Engish; Has tattoos; You suspect may be a potentia victim of trafficking. (b) Search each person, and seize: Any bag / abe; Mobie phones & sim cards; Pieces of paper with apparent names / phones numbers; Identity documents. Note: Numbers of consequence are sometimes found written on bets and/or conceaed in cothing such as cuffs and coars. A inteigence must be notified on 3x5x2 to Operation Snowbird: LDP@homeoffice.gsi.gov.uk Whether a vehice is sti present or not, aways gather detais of: Any witness detais and who initiay reported the incident. Summary of witness 1st account(s) and/or Storm/Cad report. Possibiity and ocation of any CCTV Any of the above information may be required as evidence if offences are identified at the scene or subsequenty. However, officers shoud use this as a guide dependent upon the circumstances. Suspected faciitation: If there is any suspicion of anyone having been compicit in the smugging (ex: the driver) of the migrants AND there is evidence to that effect, CCU wi notify your oca CFI team. Liaison shoud be made with them PRIOR to any arrests being made for faciitation offences.