Iroquois/Haudenosaunee

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Iroquois/Haudenosaunee"

Chester Chambers
6 years ago
Views:

1 Iroquois/Haudenosaunee

4 Compare the accounts: Canada: A People s History When the World Began - A Continent of Nations - War America s First Nations 0:40-6:40 10:00-16:00 23:00-41:00-end

5 The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy. Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University, Web. 14 Sep Prepared by Arthur C. Parker in All the business of the Five Nations Confederate Council shall be conducted by the two combined bodies of Confederate Lords. First the question shall be passed upon by the Mohawk and Seneca Lords, then it shall be discussed and passed by the Oneida and Cayuga Lords. Their decisions shall then be referred to the Onondaga Lords, (Fire Keepers) for final judgement. The same process shall obtain when a question is brought before the council by an individual or a War Chief. 10. In all cases the procedure must be as follows: when the Mohawk and Seneca Lords have unanimously agreed upon a question, they shall report their decision to the Cayuga and Oneida Lords who shall deliberate upon the question and report a unanimous decision to the Mohawk Lords. The Mohawk Lords will then report the standing of the case to the Firekeepers, who shall render a decision as they see fit in case of a disagreement by the two bodies, or confirm the decisions of the two bodies if they are identical. The Fire Keepers shall then report their decision to the Mohawk Lords who shall announce it to the open council. 11. If through any misunderstanding or obstinacy on the part of the Fire Keepers, they render a decision at variance with that of the Two Sides, the Two Sides shall reconsider the matter and if their decisions are jointly the same as before they shall report to the Fire Keepers who are then compelled to confirm their joint decision.

6 19. If at any time it shall be manifest that a Confederate Lord has not in mind the welfare of the people or disobeys the rules of this Great Law, the men or women of the Confederacy, or both jointly, shall come to the Council and upbraid the erring Lord through his War Chief. If the complaint of the people through the War Chief is not heeded the first time it shall be uttered again and then if no attention is given a third complaint and warning shall be given. If the Lord is contumacious the matter shall go to the council of War Chiefs. The War Chiefs shall then divest the erring Lord of his title by order of the women in whom the titleship is vested. When the Lord is deposed the women shall notify the Confederate Lords through their War Chief, and the Confederate Lords shall sanction the act. The women will then select another of their sons as a candidate and the Lords shall elect him. 75. When a member of an alien nation comes to the territory of the Five Nations and seeks refuge and permanent residence, the Lords of the Nation to which he comes shall extend hospitality and make him a member of the nation. Then shall he be accorded equal rights and privileges in all matters except as after mentioned. 99. The rites and festivals of each nation shall remain undisturbed and shall continue as before because they were given by the people of old times as useful and necessary for the good of men.

7 Haudenosaunee & Other First Nations Groups In your notes: Summarize what you know about the Iroquois in a full paragraph. Cover as many topics as possible food, housing, social structure, warfare & relationship with other groups, etc. Notebook 3. a) Research another First Nations group and compare them to the Iroquois. Choose one of the following groups: Mi kmaq, Chipewyan, Plains Cree, Lillooet (Stl atl imx), Nisqa a (Tsimshian), or Inuit. Use this website: firstpeoplesofcanada.com b) Write a few sentences about WHY these two groups might be so different.

8 A Land of Many Nations First Nations Diversity

10 Iroquois longhouse

11 Mi kmaq wigwam

12 Sioux tipi

13 Haida Village

14 Inuit Igloo

15 Contact

16 Watch Crash Course: Columbian Exchange As a class: 1. Identify the main thesis. 2. Identify the four arguments. 3. Rewatch the video to gather evidence for each of the four arguments. 4. Decide which impact of the Columbian exchange is most historically significant.

17 Crash Course: Columbian Exchange Topic: The Columbian Exchange Thesis: Columbus changed everything by bringing the globe together biologically. Four Arguments: Disease Animals Plants People

18 Jacques Cartier story Pages in the textbook

19 Fur Trade

20 The evil that is in this world almost always comes of ignorance, and good intentions may do as much harm as malevolence if they lack understanding. - Albert Camus

24 Canada in the Fur Trade 1. When did the fur trade begin in Canada? 2. Why did Europe want fur? 3. What did First Nations people receive in exchange for furs? 4. Who participated in the trade? 5. Where did the trading take place?

26 Consequences of the Fur Trade What were the consequences of the Fur Trade for the First Nations of the St. Lawrence? Read pages What were the consequences of the Fur Trade for the First Nations of the West? Read pages 88-90, 92, 99

27 Notebook 4. Contact and trade with the French & British had a lot of negative impacts for First Nations people. Do you think this was mostly intentional malevolence or unintentional ignorance on the part of Europeans? Follow-up questions: Does it make any difference whether it was intentional or not? Are there economic industries that have similar impacts today?

28 French & Iroquois Wars 17 th century Iroquois Confederacy with help from British & Dutch French and Huron Queen Anne s War British settlers, Iroquois Acadians and Mi kmaq, Maliseet, etc. (Wabanaki Confederacy) Father Rale s War, Father LeLoutre s War , Seven Year s War New England, Mohawk Britain, Iroquois Confederacy, Cherokee, smaller First Nations vs Wabanaki Confederacy and New France France, Huron, Wabanaki Confederacy, Shawnee, Ojibwa, smaller First Nations American War of Independence Britain, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Mohawk, Cherokee, smaller First Nations American rebels, Oneida, Tuscarora, smaller First Nations War of Britain, Tecumseh s Confederacy, Iroquois, United States, a few Cherokee and Choctaw Huron, Shawnee, Ojibway, Ottawa, many other First Nations

29 What can we learn from examining this list of conflict? The French and British fought often in Canada from the 1600s to the 1800s. The Iroquois were typically allied with the British in their struggles against the French and later the Americans. The French were allied with the Huron in trade and war, but also made alliances with many other First Nations groups. First Nations groups were often on opposite sides of conflict

30 Pemmican Wars 1816 Hudson s Bay Company North West Company Lower & Upper Canada Rebellions Britain, Lower & Upper Canada Patriotes (Lower Canada), Reform Group (Upper Canada) Fenian Raids Britain, Canada Irish Fenian Brotherhood Red River Rebellion Canada vs Provisional Government of Manitoba Métis, some First Nations Northwest Rebellion 1885 Canada Provisional Government of Saskatchewan Métis, Cree, Assiniboine World War I Winnipeg General Strike World War II

31 Tecumseh And the War of 1812

35 Habited in a close leather dress, his athletic portions were admirably delineated, while a large plume of ostrich feathers, by which he was generally distinguished, overshadowing his brow, and contrasting with the darkness of his complexion and the brilliance of his black and piercing eyes, gave a singularly wild and terrific expression to his features. It was evident that he could be terrible. (Sugden p. 358) -British Teenage Militia Volunteer He was routinely described in diaries as one of the finest looking men I ever saw or one of the most finished forms I ever met (Sugden p. 5). The great defender of Canada, Sir Isaac Brock, referred to him as, The Wellington of the Indians, and declared that a more sagacious and gallant warrior does not, I believe exist. (Berton p166).

36 Tecumseh According to the images: Hero British ally Important to Canada, honoured on stamps Powerful warrior Leader and chief According to his own speech: Violent & scary Racist Anger Wants all First Nations to join together Attractive Tecumseh was BOTH an ally of the British AND wanted all First Nations to rise up against the white man how does that work?

37 Notebook 5 Tecumseh and the War of 1812 mark a shift in the history of war and First Nations alliances in present-day Canada. Describe this change in ONE thesis statement. Include specific time periods.

38 The Conflict at Seven Oaks

39 Context: Hudson s Bay Company technically owns the land. North West Company and Métis bison hunters use the land. HBC sells a piece of land to the Lord Selkirk in 1812; settlers begin to arrive. New settlers are starving; HBC s Miles Macdonell issues the Pemmican Proclamation, prohibiting any food from leaving the new colony. The Métis and NWC fight for their right to sell and trade; there are a series of conflicts.

40 Your task: The following two accounts describe the conflict at Seven Oaks. 1. List the facts common to both accounts. 2. Identify the differences in the two accounts. 3. Explain why these two encyclopedia entries might be so different.

41 From the Encyclopedia Britannica Seven Oaks Massacre, (1816), destruction of the Hudson s Bay Red River Settlement in what is now Manitoba, Canada, by agents of the rival North West Company. On June 19, 1816, a party of about 60 Metis under Cuthbert Grant, a North West Company employee, set out to run provisions for North West Company canoes past the Red River colony; they plundered some outlying posts on the Assiniboine River and then stopped at a place called Seven Oaks, near the Hudson s Bay Company s post at Fort Douglas. Robert Semple, the governor of the colony and governor in chief of the Hudson s Bay Company s territories in North America, led a group of about 25 soldiers and settlers to parley with the Metis. A fight broke out in which Semple and 20 of his men were killed; Grant lost only one man. The Métis gave no quarter to their wounded opponents, and in the following days they forced the remaining settlers to leave under the threat of massacre. The destruction of the Red River colony, however, was only temporary; it was restored the following year.

42 Seven Oaks Incident From The Canadian Encyclopedia Prior to the union of the North West Co and the Hudson's Bay Co in 1821, the endemic struggles between the 2 fur-trading rivals were capped by a violent incident 19 June 1816 at Seven Oaks, a few km from the HBC's Fort Douglas in the Red River Settlement. The so-called massacre of Seven Oaks provoked retaliation and led to a merger of the 2 companies. The colony at the vital junction of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, established by Thomas Douglas, fifth earl of Selkirk, was perceived by the Nor'Westers as the base from which the HBC was preparing to launch its penetration of the Athabaska country. It posed a threat, as well, to the annual brigades of the Montréal-based company, lying athwart their main communication route. In the spring of 1816, the HBC officers and men seized and destroyed the Nor'Westers' Fort Gibraltar at the forks, thus exposing the latter's canoe brigades, just as the pemmican supplies were being moved down the Assiniboine to meet the Nor'Westers returning from the annual council at Fort William. The HBC's Fort Douglas thus dominated the Red and denied passage both to the Nor'Westers and the provision boats of their Métis allies.

43 Brandon House, a HBC post on the upper Assiniboine, was captured by the Métis on 1 June 1816 under Cuthbert GRANT, who then organized an escort to secure the pemmican supplies. Leaving the Assiniboine near Portage la Prairie, Grant and his men struck northeast across the plain to intercept the Nor'Westers on the Red. But they were, in fact, themselves intercepted by the HBC's local governor, Robert SEMPLE, who with a score of his men, had unwisely ventured out of Fort Douglas. Although the clash was not premeditated, the Métis quickly enveloped Semple's party and he and 20 of his men were killed. The Métis suffered only one casualty. In retaliation, Selkirk captured the Nor'Westers' primary base at Fort William and reoccupied Fort Douglas. Law suits and countersuits ensued. Only Selkirk's death in 1820 cleared the way for an end to the rivalry. As for the Métis, they came to see Red River as a place of settlement and for several decades were a permanent element in the colony.

44 Royal Proclamation Anticipation

46 Treaty History The Story of First Nations Land

47 Pre-Confederation How did the following events impact First Nations use of the land? Great Peace of 1701 Peace & Friendship Treaties in Nova Scotia 1700s Royal Proclamation Quebec Act Treaty of Paris (end of American War of Independence) Loyalists Selkirk Settlers

48 1867

49 Setting the Stage 1. What is a treaty? 2. Have settlers and First Nations always made treaties? 3. Why did Canada need treaties after Confederation? 4. Why did the First Nations need treaties after Confederation?

50 1873

51 The Numbered Treaties Who was included? 6. How were they negotiated? Treaty 1 example 7. What did the Canadian government promise? 8. What did the First Nations people promise?

52 Numbered Treaties

53 The Treaty Legacy 9. Do these Treaties still hold today? 10. What do these Treaties mean today? 11. Why did the Treaties fail to create a good relationship between First Nations and the Canadian government? Indian Act

54 Indian Act The Story of First Nations Subjugation

55 Notebook 8a: How does the Indian Act demonstrate the following? 1. assimilation 2. paternalism 3. Eurocentrism Use specific examples and make reference to the definition of the term. Notebook 8b: Which parts of the Indian Act get special mention in the textbook? Do you notice a trend?

56 Residential School Stories William George Lathlin (7:45-11:45) Rev. Mary Battaja (0-7:00; 16:40-30:00) Patricia Lewis (0-10:00) Notebook 9: How do you think you would respond if you had gone through a residential school experience? Refer to 6 different examples from the stories you heard.

57 The Practice of Potlatch 1. What is a potlatch? 2. When and where was the potlatch practiced? 3. Why did they practice potlatch?

58 4. Why did the Canadian government oppose the potlatch? 5. When did the potlatch become illegal? 6. How did the FN people respond? 7. Do people practice potlatch now?

59 Red River Resistance

63 1905

Social Studies 7 Final Exam Study Guide

Social Studies 7 Final Exam Study Guide Name: 7- Review key words and vocabulary lists. More Focus will be on chapter 5 to 9 Some more things to know: Chapter 1 How were the First Nations, Mi kmaq, Haudenosaunee