2.2 New France

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1 Name: Date: 2.2 New France I. Population in 1627 Population Situation in New France: 100 colonists lived in New France Mostly 11 women 96 men II. Company of 100 Associates A) Company Creation: A chartered, company created by the state in Made up of 100 investors Unlike previous companies, it was controlled by the state B) Privileges & Obligations: The state granted the company privileges in exchange for certain obligations: Privileges: They were granted a fur trade & administrative control over the colony Obligations: of the Natives the colony by bringing over 4000 settlers in 15 years

2 C) Difficulties Encountered by the Company The Company of 100 Associates faced numerous challenges in fulfilling their obligations to the state: 1) The against England caused the company great financial losses: Ø On behalf of the English, the Kirke brothers seized and all the furs warehoused there ) The Company had interest in bringing settlers because they were too focused on 3) Mostly men were attracted by the fur trade D) Attempts to Address the Difficulties Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye - treaty was signed between England and France New France was returned under the control of France Trois Rivieres A permanent fort founded to organize trade and profit from the fur industry - E) Failure of the Company The Company of 100 Associates ultimately at meeting their obligations to the state III. Seigneurial System A) Purpose: A system created in 1627 to develop the land in New France and encourage Seigneury: land belonging to a seigneur Censitaires: a settler who receives a plot of land from a seigneur B) Social organization: Company of 100 Associates divided New France into large areas of called seigneuries which were then distributed to Seigneurs attracted settlers called to develop on the land Both the seigneur and the censitaires had duties and rights under this system

C) Duties & Rights Seigneurs Censitaires Rights Annual from the censitaires from the seigneur Use of the

Provide 3 days of labour to the seigneur each year Maintain the roads D) Social Diversity of Seigneurs

Military officers or religious orders E) Territorial Organization Seigneuries were situated to the St.

3 C) Duties & Rights Seigneurs Censitaires Rights Annual from the censitaires from the seigneur Use of the local mill Responsibilities Grant land to the censitaires Build a Pay annual dues to the seigneur Provide 3 days of labour to the seigneur each year Maintain the roads D) Social Diversity of Seigneurs Seigneurs came from diverse backgrounds, typically the members or society: Bourgeoisie Administrators Military officers or religious orders E) Territorial Organization Seigneuries were situated to the St. Lawrence River Typically found on a seigneury: land Seigneur s Estate Censives/farm lots Common pasture Roads & River

IV. Catholicism in New France A) Evangelization of the Natives: Religious orders such as the Recollets, Jesuits and Ursulines were sent to New France with the objective of the natives They achieved

Established some took the form of villages for native people who were referred to as domicilies Mission: a place where members of a religious order receive and evangelize Indigenous people.

Lived amongst the natives & learnt their customs and language B) Social Services & Healthcare: The Catholic church established and operated several institutions and social services in New France:

4 IV. Catholicism in New France A) Evangelization of the Natives: Religious orders such as the Recollets, Jesuits and Ursulines were sent to New France with the objective of the natives They achieved their goal through various strategies: 1. Encouraged of the colony so Catholics could model Christian living to the Natives 2. Established some took the form of villages for native people who were referred to as domicilies Mission: a place where members of a religious order receive and evangelize Indigenous people. Domicilies: a First Nations person who settles permanently in a religious community 3. Lived amongst the natives & learnt their customs and language B) Social Services & Healthcare: The Catholic church established and operated several institutions and social services in New France: Charities Orphanages Churches & mass Social events C) Support & Guidance for Colonists The Catholic church provided religious support and guidance to the colonists by establishing The church exerted a powerful over the colonists Parish: territory under the responsibility of a priest who offers religious services Tithe: tax which Catholics pay to the Church. The church collected the to finance the church s expenses D) Key Establishments of the Church Hotel Dieu Ville Marie Mission founded at Montreal/Ville Marie in by Paul de Chomeday de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance Trois Rivieres Hotel Dieu First hospital in New France founded by Jeanne Mance -1642

5 E) Role of the Bishop Supreme of the church in New France First Bishop Monseigneur Francois de Issued pastoral letters to convey key instructions to his parishioners V. Alliances & Rivalries A) Rivalries between Europeans and Natives Both the French and English had colonies in North American and wanted to benefit from the fur trade They thus formed alliances with different Indigenous groups: Europeans French English Native Allies Algonquin, Maliseet, Innu, Huron-Wendat This caused an existing conflict between the Iroquois and the Huron-Wendat to intensify, ultimately resulting in war B) Iroquois Wars 17 th Century Iroquois launched several attacks against the French using provided by Dutch & English French were few in number and lacked military support so they sought to secure the colony Iroquois continued to attack, resulting in the of the Huron Wendat from the Great Lakes region VI. New France ~1663 A) Territory Fur trade led to vast territorial toward the Great Lakes region B) Population of French Origin The demographic imbalance between male and female population remained an issue: Ø mostly men attracted by the fur trade

religion: Metissage: Ø Adoption of iron weapons Ø Adoption of (conversion) The offspring of one Native and one European created the

6 C) Native Population Declining population Large in First Nations population due to: Acculturation 1. Iroquois wars 2. (smallpox, typhus, cholera, chicken pox) Native : Natives started adopting the European way of life such as tools, clothing, weapons, religion: Metissage: Ø Adoption of iron weapons Ø Adoption of (conversion) The offspring of one Native and one European created the Metis population E) Economy Still based primarily on the trade Iroquois wars led to weakened alliances with the natives and a decline in the fur trade

Chapter 2 The French Regime. Introduction. Chapter 2 The French Regime ( )

Chapter 2 The French Regime. Introduction. Chapter 2 The French Regime ( ) Introduction Chapter 2 The French Regime (1608 1760) Exploration and Colonization Objectives in exploration: 1. To find a route to Asia The route for European merchants to Asia through Constantinople was