P & S- French Regime (ALL)

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1 Name: Group: 404- Date: P & S- French Regime (ALL) Chapter 1 Population & Settlement Section 2: The French Regime ( ) Jacques Cartier First French explorer to discover what is now Canada 1534, 1535, 1536 Newfoundland / Gaspésie Installed a cross in the Gaspésie The official date that New France was established was After several failed tries, was able to set up a permanent settlement (with only 28 people) The establishment was called Habitation du what is Now Quebec City History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 1

2 From the beginning, it was difficult to attract settlers to New France Why? Cold winters from the mother country (France) from First Occupant groups ( ) Fur was the strongest export from NF to France In 1627 the King of France allowed to administer NF In exchange for a fur trading The fur trading company ( ) was allowed to acquire as many furs as possible for profit ($$$), the company had to the colony with FRENCH CATHOLICS ONLY However, the fur trading company would not live up to it s part of the deal History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 2

3 The problems: Fur trading companies cared more about More people in NF = more people to give free land to The company more on the & less on populating the colony People who did agree to settle in NF were most of the jobs in the fur trade were for men only Because as we (should) know it takes a man and a woman to make a baby Since there were mostly men in NF, NATURAL GROWTH was very difficult Not a lot of babies being born People like Samuel de Champlain understood how important population growth was: against European such as the Dutch and British against the Help the colony (jobs, construction, etc.) From the 1620s until 1663 only small groups of settlers would show up in NF Not a big deal for King Louis XIII concerned with France only Once King Louis the XIV took over in 1660, he listened to the issues of NF Pierre Boucher was sent from NF to speak to King Louis XIV NF needed soldiers & settlers History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 3

4 By realized the fur trading company was not doing its job The fur trading company was removed from administering the colony The King was in change of NF he established a government system called The Royal Government: The of pretty much everything Including the like NF However, he lived in France so far away He needed a small group of people to live in NF to take orders from the king and to administer the colony One of King Louis XIV s first orders of business for NF He placed (the 1 st Intendant) in charge of populating the colony Jean Talon took a of the population in History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 4

5 He found that: There were approximately at the time (1666) of the population were Only 1019 people were married Largest age group was 21 to 30 year olds Quebec City, Trois Rivieres and Montreal had the greatest concentrations of people Jean Talon didn t like what he found in the colony a small population with mainly men The British 13 Colonies population was more than 10 times larger He needed to come up with some strategies. and fast! Jean Talon s main policies to encourage population growth in NF: Les Les Convince to settle in NF after they serve in the military (give money) to parents of large families & for people who marry at a young age History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 5

6 Les Filles du Roi Between 1663 and 1673 about (as young as 15) were sent to NF They were pushed to & to start a family From poor parts of France Orphans, prostitutes (some disagreement about this) Had be able to handle themselves on a farm Les Engages asked to settle in NF for 3 years for farming (FREE) that had to be cleared Voyage to NF on boat (paid for) Talon hoped these men would start a family in NF and stay there Carignan Salières Regiment Soldiers of the French army Sent to NF to defend/attack the Iroquois after their service for them to settle in NF History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 6

7 Jean Talon s The French government in NF would offer financial incentives ( ) for: (having a lot of babies) (men who marry before 20 and women who marry before 16) Free education was given to the 26 th child. Did Jean Talon s policies work? Did the population of NF grow rapidly? By WAY & more than from 1666 By 1760 between 65,000 70,000 living in NF The from 1666 to 1760 Lots of babies being born = large families Immigration from France was only a secondary factor In fact, the birth rate in NF was higher than in France People living in NF had a higher survival rate as well History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 7

8 How did the presence of Europeans (the French) affect the First Occupants? The First Occupant population was affected in several ways: Religion & lifestyle Catholic groups such as the Récollets & the were chosen to attempt to The Jésuites were the main players Along with the Catholic religion, the First Occupants were convinced to give up nomadic ways of life Some First Occupants and may have lived among (not really) the French populations in New France History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 8

9 Introduction of European goods There were several European goods that the First Occupants became interested in Glass jewelry Clothing made out of wool & cotton These goods were trade for in exchange for furs Alcohol (health) and guns (easy to kill enemies) had on the First Occupant population European diseases Europeans brought over several diseases from Europe: Influenza Scarlet fever Typhoid Yellow fever The firs Occupant population had not been exposed to these epidemics History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 9

10 Some historians claim that as much as 90% of the population of first occupants exposed would have died The territory of the First Occupants was affected in certain ways: The establishment of to convert First Occupants to Catholicism Catholic missionaries set up shop throughout the colony The creation of forts and fur trading posts and seignueries by the French French system of agriculture ( ) in New France. Developed the land in an orderly way. Attracted people to move to New France. Made up of: History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 10

11 Seigneuries were always Each giant rectangle was Each small rectangle was granted to a farmer He had to clear the land himself (by hand) The Territory claimed by New France by the mid 1660s What is now Quebec, N.B., N.S and a large part of Ontario However, the British would take some land from the French 13 Colonies take over parts of New France France gives up parts of Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay. New France is left surrounded by the British. History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 11

12 By 1760, New France s was very (~1/3 of North America) However, the (where people actually lived) was very Why was the territory so large? The ever expanding & explorations by VOYAGUERS within the continent The 3 administrative regions in New France: Acadia Louisiana Most government offices were found in the Canada region Quebec Trois-Rivieres Montreal History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 12

By, New France s situation was as such: (French subjects) was the greatest factor in population increasing First Occupant populations(s) some of which lived within French

13 By, New France s situation was as such: (French subjects) was the greatest factor in population increasing First Occupant populations(s) some of which lived within French settled territory Individuals of African heritage used as slaves in the cotton and tobacco industries (especially in Southern New France) History & Citizenship Education Secondary IV 13

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Unit 2 Part 3, 4 & 5 New France

Royal Government is established Unit 2 Part 3, 4 & 5 New France 1663-1760 A new government is formed in New France in 1663. King Louis XIV (known as the Sun King ) wanted New France to develop more in