FSD1088. Finnish National Election Study Codebook

Transcription

1 FSD1088 Finnish National Election Study 1991 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish National Election Study 1991 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :40: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1088 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere) & Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere) & Borg, Sami (University of Tampere): Finnish National Election Study 1991 [dataset]. Version 2.0 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A naires in Finnish 277 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Finnish National Election Study 1991 Titles and data version in Finnish: Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 1991 This codebook has been generated from the version 2.0 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Other material Codebook in English available at SND website. 1 Authoring entity Pesonen, Pertti (University of Tampere. Research Institute for Social Sciences) Sänkiaho, Risto (University of Tampere. Research Institute for Social Sciences) Borg, Sami (University of Tampere. Research Institute for Social Sciences) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Borg, Sami (University of Tampere. Finnish Social Science Data Archive) 1 1

8 1. Study description Date of deposit Keywords election campaigns; Finland; parliamentary elections; political allegiance; political attitudes; political participation; voting Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: elections; political behaviour and attitudes Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish National Election Studies Finnish National Election Studies are nationally representative surveys conducted in connection with parliamentary elections in Finland. Data have been collected by the Election Study Consortium from the year 2003 onwards. More information in the Finnish Election Study Portal. The data, collected through face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires, allow study of changes in public opinion and democracy over time. Some modules are repeated but each study also contains questions on current issues. Main themes include political participation, political attitudes, candidate and party choice, voting, and election campaigning. Abstract In this survey focusing on the Finnish parliamentary elections of 1991, voters were interviewed both before and after the elections. In the interviews before the elections, the respondents were asked if they were members of trade unions, political parties and other organisations, and how actively they were involved in the activities. They were also asked if they read newspapers and followed current affairs programmes on TV and on the radio, and if so, how often and which papers/programmes. General interest in politics and participation in political activities were investigated, as well as willingness to use various means of civic activity to influence things. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relating to politics and political actors. They were also asked to assess 17 groups in society on a scale from -50 to +50 according to their attitude towards these groups, negative to positive. Views were probed on whether those in power in the society had too much, too little, or the right amount of power. Knowledge of the present parliament was tested by asking what the four biggest parties in Parliament were and which parties formed the cabinet. In addition, the respondents 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data were asked whether they intended to vote in the forthcoming elections and their reasons for either voting or abstaining. Those who intended to vote were asked what party they were going to vote for and why. The interviewed persons were also asked about their voting pattern in the previous parliamentary and presidential elections and what they thought about the election prospects of the present political parties in Parliament. In the interviews after the elections, questions covered opinions on the election results, interest in the campaign, and events preceding the elections. The respondents were asked if they believed that international events like the Gulf War or the situation in the Baltic States had affected the election results, information sources used for voting decision, how often they had talked about the parliamentary elections before the vote, and what they remembered about the campaign. A number of questions dealt with election campaign programmes on TV: which programmes the respondents had watched and what they remembered about them. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: People aged between 18 and 75 living in Finland, excluding Persons without fixed address or those committed to institutions Collection date: May 1991 Data collector(s): Statistics Finland Data producer(s): University of Tampere. Research Institute for Social Sciences Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1991 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 480 variables and 1472 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Simple random Data collection was divided in three parts: two face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire given to each interviewed person after the second interview to be filled in later. The original sample consisted of 1,968 persons who were drawn from the population register by using simple random sampling. In the first interview round, 1,472 persons were interviewed, in the second, 1,326. The number of returned questionnaires: 1,132. 3

10 1. Study description 1.4 Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Borg, Sami & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina & Westinen, Jussi (2015). Demokratiaindikaattorit Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 56/ Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002, Carlson, Tom (2017). Election Posters in Finland: Cueing Emotions with Visual Imagery. In: Holtz-Bacha, C. & Johansson, B. (eds.). Election Posters Around the Globe: Political Campaigning in the Public Space, Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi: / _7 Demokratiaindikaattorit Toim. Borg, Sami. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 52/2013. URN:ISBN: Elo, Kimmo & Rapeli, Lauri (2008). Suomalaisten politiikkatietämys. Helsinki: Edita Prima. Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2008:6. Giger, Nathalie & Holli, Anne Maria & Lefkofridi, Zoe & Wass, Hanna (2014). The gender gap in same-gender voting. The role of context. In: Electoral Studies 35(3), Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan & Sänkiaho, Risto & Wass, Hanna (2005). Kiinnittyminen politiikkaan. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Hart, Linda & Kovalainen, Anne & Holli, Anne Maria (2009). Gender and Power in Politics and Business in Finland. In: Kön och makt i Norden: Del I Landsrapporter (eds. Kirsti Niskanen & Anita Nyberg), Copenhagen: Nordiska ministerrådet. TemaNord 2009:569. Heinonen, Marja & Laaninen, Riikka & Paju, Reijo & Rapeli, Lauri (2013). Kyselytutkimuksen edustavuus Suomessa Katsaus keskeisistä taustatekijöistä. Politiikka: Valtiotieteellisen yhdistyksen julkaisu 55 (2013):3, s Hellsten, Villiina (2001). Uuden politiikan oikeiston mobilisaatiomahdollisuudet Suomessa. Politiikka 43(1), Karvonen, Lauri (2009). Politiikan henkilöityminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Karvonen, Lauri (2012). Att välja parti och att välja person. I Sphinx årsbok ,

11 1.4. Use of data Helsingfors: Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten. Karvonen, Lauri (2012). Ehdokasäänestäminen. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Mattila, Mikko & Sänkiaho, Risto (2005). Luottamus poliittiseen järjestelmään. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Moring, Tom (2006). Between Medialization and Tradition: Campaigning in Finland in a Longitudinal Perspective. In: Campaigning in Europe - Campaigning for Europe (ed. by Michaela Maier & Jens Techer), Berlin: LIT Verlag. Moring, Tom & Mykkänen, Juri (2009). Vaalikampanja. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Moring, Tom & Mykkänen, Juri (2012). Vaalikampanjat ja viestinnällistyminen. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). Miten äänestäjät valitsevat puolueen? Politiikka 45(3), Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Let the Force Be with the Leader: But Who Is the Leader? In: The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies (ed. Thomas Poguntke & Paul Webb), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Puoluevalinnan tilannetekijät. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2005). Puoluevalinnan perusteet. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), Helsinki: WSOY. Pesonen, Pertti & Sänkiaho, Risto & Borg, Sami (1993). Vaalikansan äänivalta: tutkimus eduskuntavaaleista ja valitsijakunnasta Suomen poliittisessa järjestelmässä. Helsinki: WSOY. Quinlan, Stephen (2012). The Conundrum of Youth Turnout. A Cross-national Examination of Generational Processes. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin, IE. Doctoral Dissertation. Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Politiikkatietämyksen ajallinen vaihtelu Suomessa. Politiikka, 52(2), Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Tietääkö kansa? Kansalaisten politiikkatietämys teoreettisessa ja empiirisessä tarkastelussa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C;296. Rapeli, Lauri (2014). Eduskunta ja kansalaismielipide. Teoksessa: Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituksen ehdoilla (toim. Raunio, Tapio & Wiberg, Matti), Helsinki: Gaudeamus. Rapeli, Lauri & Borg, Sami (2016). Kiinnostavaa mutta monimutkaista. Tiedot, osallistuminen ja suhtautuminen vaikuttamiseen. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusmin- 5

12 1. Study description isteriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Siitonen, Mikko (2007). Äänestääkö vai ei? Äänestysaktiivisuus vuosien 1979, 1991 ja 2003 eduskuntavaaleissa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. The Finnish voter (1995). Eds. Sami Borg & Risto Sänkiaho. Helsinki: Finnish Political Science Association. Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (2009). Toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki. Tampere: Tampere University Press. von Schoultz, Åsa (2016). Puolueiden puheenjohtajien merkitys äänestyspäätöksen kannalta. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland Electoral Studies 26(3), Westinen, Jussi (2011). Yhteiskunnallisten ristiriitaulottuvuuksien ja puoluevalinnan suhde eduskuntavaaleissa Tilastollinen analyysi. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Updated list of publications in the study description at Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 6

13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1472 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1472 minimum 2.00 maximum 2.00 mean 2.00 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1472 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [K1] Which alternative on this card best describes your main activity at the moment? Which alternative on this card best describes your main activity at the moment? Employee Entrepreneur in farming or other business, selfemployed Contributing family member in family business (no salary) Unemployed or laid-off Conscripted for military service Student On disability pension or permanently ill Pensioner/retired on account of age or working years On unemployment pension (for elder long-term unemployed) Homemaker Something else

15 K3 [K2] The respondent s present occupation (open-ended) The respondent s present occupation (open-ended) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 863 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [K2_1] The respondent s occupational group/status (not asked in the questionnaire) The respondent s occupational group/status (not asked in the questionnaire) Farmer Entrepreneur Lower managerial or professional employee Intermediate level employee Worker System missing (SYSMIS) [K3] The respondent s occupation when was employed (open-ended) The respondent s occupation when was employed (open-ended) Descriptive statistics 9

16 2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 358 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [K3_1] The respondent s occupational group/status when was employed (not asked in the questionnaire) The respondent s occupational group/status when was employed (not asked in the questionnaire) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 374 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K4] Which alternative best describes your employer? Which alternative best describes your employer? State, government agency/department Municipality, municipal federation, church parish State-owned enterprise Private manufacturing company Private company in service sector Other private enterprise Self-owned farm Self-owned company Other (continued on next page) 10

17 K6 (cont. from previous page) Not in employment System missing (SYSMIS) [K5] In what branch of industry are/were you working? In what branch of industry are/were you working? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1269 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [K6] The respondent s marital status The respondent s marital status Single, never married Cohabiting Married Divorced Widowed

18 2. Variables [K7] (IF MARRIED OR LIVING TOGETHER) What kind of work work does your spouse/partner do? (open-ended) (IF MARRIED OR LIVING TOGETHER) What kind of work work does your spouse/partner do? (open-ended) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 853 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [K7_1] The occupational group/status of the spouse/partner (not asked in the questionnaire) The occupational group/status of the spouse/partner (not asked in the questionnaire) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1010 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K8] Have you or has some other family member been unemployed within the past two years for a period longer than one month? Have you or has some other family member been unemployed within the past two years for a period longer than one month? 12

19 K10 No Yes, myself Yes, other family member Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K9] Are you a member in a federation of trade unions? Are you a member in a federation of trade unions? Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) Confederation of Salaried Employees (TVK) Confed of Unions for Professional/Mmanagerial Staff (AKAVA) Confederation of Professionals (STTK) Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) Conferedation of Finnish Entrepreneurs (SYKL) Other central federation of trade unions Not a member of a trade union System missing (SYSMIS) [K10] Thinking of your trade union, are you currently: Thinking of your trade union, are you currently: A very active member A somewhat active member A non-active member (continued on next page) 13

20 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_1] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Political party organisation? Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Political party organisation? Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_2] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Religious organisation/society Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Religious organisation/society Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS)

21 K11_5 [K11_3] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Cooperative or consumer s organisation Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Cooperative or consumer s organisation Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_4] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Sports club Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Sports club Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_5] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Women s organisation Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Women s organisation 15

22 2. Variables Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_6] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Veterans or reserve soldier/officer organisation Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Veterans or reserve soldier/officer organisation Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K11_7] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Nature or environmental group/organisation Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Nature or environmental group/organisation Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS)

23 K12_1 [K11_8] Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Resident/local heritage association Which of the following organisations are you a member of: Resident/local heritage association Not a member A non-active member A somewhat active member A very active member System missing (SYSMIS) [K12] Is there still some other organization in which you are very active or at least somewhat active? Is there still some other organization in which you are very active or at least somewhat active? No System missing (SYSMIS) [K12_1] Other organisation (1st mention) Other organisation (1st mention) Very active (continued on next page) 17

24 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Somewhat active System missing (SYSMIS) [K12_2] Other organisation (2nd mention) Other organisation (2nd mention) Very active Somewhat active System missing (SYSMIS) [K12_3] Other organisation (3rd mention) Other organisation (3rd mention) Very active Somewhat active System missing (SYSMIS) [K13] Do you read a daily newspaper at least once a week? Do you read a daily newspaper at least once a week? 18

25 K14_1 Yes No System missing (SYSMIS) [K14_1] (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (1st newspaper) (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (1st newspaper) Helsingin Sanomat Ilta-Sanomat Aamulehti Turun Sanomat Maaseudun Tulevaisuus Kaleva Iltalehti Savon Sanomat Kauppalehti Keskisuomalainen Uusi Suomi Kotimaa Etelä-Suomen Sanomat Hufvudstadsbladet Pohjalainen Satakunnan Kansa Karjalainen Ilkka Kansan Uutiset Other newspaper System missing (SYSMIS)

26 2. Variables [K14_1B] Reading frequency of the 1st newspaper: How many times a week? Reading frequency of the 1st newspaper: How many times a week? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1453 minimum 1.00 maximum 7.00 mean 5.65 standard deviation 2.06 [K14_2] (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (2nd newspaper) (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (2nd newspaper) Helsingin Sanomat Ilta-Sanomat Aamulehti Turun Sanomat Maaseudun Tulevaisuus Kaleva Iltalehti Savon Sanomat Kauppalehti Keskisuomalainen Uusi Suomi Kotimaa Etelä-Suomen Sanomat Hufvudstadsbladet Pohjalainen (continued on next page) 20

27 K14_3 (cont. from previous page) Satakunnan Kansa Karjalainen Ilkka Kansan Uutiset Other newspaper System missing (SYSMIS) [K14_2B] Reading frequency of the 2nd newspaper: How many times a week? Reading frequency of the 2nd newspaper: How many times a week? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1109 minimum 1.00 maximum 7.00 mean 4.70 standard deviation 2.21 [K14_3] (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (3rd newspaper) (IF READS A DAILY NEWSPAPER AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK) Which paper do you read and how many times a week? (3rd newspaper) Helsingin Sanomat Ilta-Sanomat Aamulehti Turun Sanomat (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Maaseudun Tulevaisuus Kaleva Iltalehti Savon Sanomat Kauppalehti Keskisuomalainen Uusi Suomi Kotimaa Etelä-Suomen Sanomat Hufvudstadsbladet Pohjalainen Satakunnan Kansa Karjalainen Ilkka Kansan Uutiset Other newspaper System missing (SYSMIS) [K14_3B] Reading frequency of the 3rd newspaper: How many times a week? Reading frequency of the 3rd newspaper: How many times a week? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 667 minimum 1.00 maximum 7.00 mean 4.32 standard deviation 2.22 [K15_1] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Letters to the editor How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Letters to the editor 22

29 K15_3 Almost always Frequently Occasionally Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K15_2] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Sports news How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Sports news Almost always Frequently Occasionally Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K15_3] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Foreign news How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Foreign news Almost always Frequently (continued on next page) 23

30 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Occasionally Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K15_4] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: News and articles on Finnish politics How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: News and articles on Finnish politics Almost always Frequently Occasionally Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K15_5] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: TV and radio programs How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: TV and radio programs Almost always Frequently Occasionally Never Can t say (continued on next page) 24

31 K16A (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [K15_6] How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Cultural issues How frequently do you read the following in newspapers: Cultural issues Almost always Frequently Occasionally Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K16A] How often do you listen to YLE radio news? How often do you listen to YLE radio news? 1-2 days a week days a week days a week Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

32 2. Variables [K16B] How often do you listen to the news on local radio? How often do you listen to the news on local radio? 1-2 days a week days a week days a week Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K16C] How often do you watch evening news on TV? How often do you watch evening news on TV? 1-2 days a week days a week days a week Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K16D] How often do you watch current affairs programs on TV? How often do you watch current affairs programs on TV? 26

33 K days a week days a week days a week Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K16E] How often do you watch news produced by cable TV? How often do you watch news produced by cable TV? 1-2 days a week days a week days a week Never Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K17] How interested are you in politics? How interested are you in politics? Very interested Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

34 2. Variables [K18_1] Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Sign petitions Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Sign petitions Have done Would do if the issue were important Might do Would not do Can t say [K18_2] Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Join a boycott Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Join a boycott Have done Would do if the issue were important Might do Would not do Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K18_3] Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Participate in a public demonstration Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Participate in a public demonstration 28

35 K18_5 Have done Would do if the issue were important Might do Would not do Can t say [K18_4] Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Paint slogans on walls Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Paint slogans on walls Have done Would do if the issue were important Might do Would not do Can t say [K18_5] Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Occupy buildings or factories Have you done or would you do any of the following to have influence: Occupy buildings or factories Have done Would do if the issue were important Might do (continued on next page) 29

36 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Would not do Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K19A] How often do you discuss politics with other people? How often do you discuss politics with other people? Daily or almost daily Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [K19B_1] How often do you work with other people to solve a local problem? How often do you work with other people to solve a local problem? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say

37 K19B_4 [K19B_2] How often do you contact public officials or politicians in matters not related to your job? How often do you contact public officials or politicians in matters not related to your job? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [K19B_3] When you think about previous elections, how often do you try to convince friends to vote for the same party as you? When you think about previous elections, how often do you try to convince friends to vote for the same party as you? Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [K19B_4] How often do you spend time working for a political party or a candidate? How often do you spend time working for a political party or a candidate? 31

38 2. Variables Often Sometimes Seldom Never Can t say [K20_1] There is at least one party that always tries to promote my interests There is at least one party that always tries to promote my interests Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K20_2] Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

39 K20_5 [K20_3] Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me cannot really understand what is going on Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me cannot really understand what is going on Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K20_4] I have no say in what the government does I have no say in what the government does Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K20_5] We all should be willing to compromise our own interests to protect our country s international competitiveness We all should be willing to compromise our own interests to protect our country s international competitiveness 33

40 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K20_6] People used to be happier before than they are nowadays People used to be happier before than they are nowadays Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K20_7] In the future, science and technology are capable of solving most of today s problems In the future, science and technology are capable of solving most of today s problems Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say

41 K20_10 [K20_8] Generally speaking, one can trust that the government makes right decisions Generally speaking, one can trust that the government makes right decisions Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K20_9] If someone does not think that election results are important, he should not vote If someone does not think that election results are important, he should not vote Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K20_10] Those elected to parliament soon lose touch with voters Those elected to parliament soon lose touch with voters 35

42 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K20_11] I think I understand importand political questions pretty well I think I understand importand political questions pretty well Strongly agree Agree to some extent Disagree to some extent Strongly disagree Can t say [K21_1] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Small business owners How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Small business owners Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1445 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

43 K21_4 [K21_2] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Social Democratic Party (SDP) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Social Democratic Party (SDP) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1180 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_3] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Women s movement How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Women s movement Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1227 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_4] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): National Coalition Party (KOK) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): National Coalition Party (KOK) 37

44 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1178 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_5] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Centre Party of Finland (KESK) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Centre Party of Finland (KESK) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1154 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_6] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Public officials How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Public officials Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1228 minimum maximum (continued on next page) 38

45 K21_8 (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean standard deviation [K21_7] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Big business How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Big business Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1302 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_8] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Refugees How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Refugees Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1208 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

46 2. Variables [K21_9] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Green League (VIHR) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Green League (VIHR) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1222 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_10] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Finnish Rural Party (SMP) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Finnish Rural Party (SMP) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1099 minimum maximum mean 7.94 standard deviation [K21_11] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): The Church How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): The Church 40

47 K21_13 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1254 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_12] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Left Alliance (VAS) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Left Alliance (VAS) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1110 minimum maximum mean 0.78 standard deviation [K21_13] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Liberal Party (LKP) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Liberal Party (LKP) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 903 minimum (continued on next page) 41

48 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) statistic value maximum mean standard deviation [K21_14] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Gypsies/the Romani How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Gypsies/the Romani Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1107 minimum maximum mean 8.73 standard deviation [K21_15] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Christian League of Finland (SKL) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Christian League of Finland (SKL) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1054 minimum maximum mean standard deviation

49 K22 [K21_16] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Swedish People s Party of Finland (RKP) How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Swedish People s Party of Finland (RKP) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1057 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K21_17] How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Parliament How positive or negative you feel towards the following groups/parties on a scale from -50 (very negative) to +50 (very positive): Parliament Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1257 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [K22] Are things in our country generally run for the benefit of a few interest groups only or for the benefit of all? Are things in our country generally run for the benefit of a few interest groups only or for the benefit of all? 43

50 2. Variables For a few interest groups For the benefit of all Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K23_1] How much power do you think the following hold in society: Trade unions, professional associations How much power do you think the following hold in society: Trade unions, professional associations Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K23_2] How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Army How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Army Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 44

51 K23_4 (cont. from previous page) [K23_3] How much power do you think the following hold in society: Parliament How much power do you think the following hold in society: Parliament Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K23_4] How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Government How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Government Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS)

52 2. Variables [K23_5] How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Church How much power do you think the following hold in society: The Church Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K23_6] How much power do you think the following hold in society: The press How much power do you think the following hold in society: The press Too much power Right amount of power Too little power Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [K23_7] How much power do you think the following hold in society: Banks How much power do you think the following hold in society: Banks 46