FSD2269. Finnish National Election Study Codebook

Transcription

1 FSD2269 Finnish National Election Study 2007 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish National Election Study 2007 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :45: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2269 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Paloheimo, Heikki (University of Tampere): Finnish National Election Study 2007 [dataset]. Version 1.1 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 11 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A naires in Finnish 267 B naires in Swedish 297 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Finnish National Election Study 2007 Titles and data version in Finnish: Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 Titles and data version in Swedish: Riksdagsvalundersökning 2007 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Other material The website of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) research project 1 Authoring entity Paloheimo, Heikki (University of Tampere. Department of Political Science and International Relations) The members of the Political Participation and Modes of Democracy: Finland in a Comparative Perspective research group: Åsa Bengtsson (Åbo Akademi University), Sami Borg (University of Tampere. Finnish Social Science Data Archive), Kimmo Grönlund (Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa), Lauri Karvonen (Åbo Akademi University), Mikko Mattila (University of Helsinki), Tom Moring (University of Helsinki), Kim Strandberg (Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa), Jan Sundberg (University of Helsinki), Hanna Wass (University of Helsinki) and Tuomo Turja (Taloustutkimus) and Risto Sänkiaho (University of Tampere)

8 1. Study description Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Paloheimo, Heikki (University of Tampere. Department of Political Science and International Relations) Date of deposit Keywords constituencies; elections; internet; objectives; parliamentary candidates; parliamentary elections; political attitudes; political participation; political support; voting Topic Classification Classification by OKM vocabulary: social sciences Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: elections; mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish National Election Studies Finnish National Election Studies are nationally representative surveys conducted in connection with parliamentary elections in Finland. Data have been collected by the Election Study Consortium from the year 2003 onwards. More information in the Finnish Election Study Portal. The data, collected through face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires, allow study of changes in public opinion and democracy over time. Some modules are repeated but each study also contains questions on current issues. Main themes include political participation, political attitudes, candidate and party choice, voting, and election campaigning. Abstract The survey consists of two parts which were collected after the 2007 parliamentary elections in Finland with the help of face-to-face interviews and a supplementary, self-administered questionnaire. Swedish-speaking population is over-represented in the data. The interview data form 2

9 1.2. Subject description Finland s contribution to the international Comparative Study of Electoral Systems program (CSES). The respondents were asked about their interest in politics and how much they had followed the elections in different media. Their views were canvassed on which group they primarily identified with, self-perceived social status, how stable their party preference was, and what they would be willing to do in order to promote the issues they considered important. Views on voting, participating in parliamentary elections, politics, politicians, and various institutions were queried with the help of attitudinal statements. The respondents were also asked questions about the Internet and the ways of using it as a means of political participation. Next, the respondents were asked whether they had held any municipal elected offices, and whether they were members of any political party. They were also asked to name objectives which the recently elected members of parliament in their constituency should focus on, and also to name the most important issues debated during the past parliamentary elections as well as the most severe social problems in Finland. The respondents were asked whether they thought voting makes any difference, and whether it makes any difference who is in power. They were also asked to assess the performance of the previous government led by Matti Vanhanen. In addition, the respondents were asked to place various political parties as well as Matti Vanhanen, Eero Heinäluoma, Jyrki Katainen, and themselves on the left-right axis. Some questions focused on how the parties had distinguished themselves from each other during the elections, to what extent the respondents had followed election campaigning, and how well democracy worked in Finland. In addition, the respondents were asked whether they had voted in the 2007 parliamentary elections, which party they had voted or would have voted for, and whether there was a party in the past elections they would have never considered voting for. If the respondents had not voted, they were asked about their reasons for abstaining from voting. Those who had cast a vote were asked what their voting decision was based on, whether they had voted for a candidate of their own gender, how old their candidate was, and whether they had voted in the 2003 parliamentary elections. Finally, the respondents were presented with some questions measuring their knowledge of political issues. The supplementary, self-administered questionnaire charted the importance of issues and objectives debated during the elections for the respondents. The respondents were also presented with a set of attitudinal statements on redundancies, growing income disparity, and building a sixth nuclear power plant in Finland. In addition, they were asked about different sources where they had received information relevant to their voting decision, and presented with general questions and statements pertaining to voting, Finland s international relations and politics. Membership in various groups was canvassed, as well as how often the respondents discussed political issues with other people and what they would think if it were possible to vote online on the issues debated in the Parliament. The respondents expressed their views on the significance of party leaders for party support, whether there should be more freedom of choice in the public sector, whether there should be more social reforms, and whether the state of affairs was better at the time of the interview than two years before. Finally, views on the future and satisfaction with financial situation and life in general were probed. Variables beginning with k denote the national election study variables, q denotes CSES variables, p denotes variables from the self-administered questionnaire, a denotes CSES administrative variables, and d denotes background variables. Background variables included the respondent s year of birth, gender, education, marital sta- 3

10 1. Study description tus, trade union membership, economic activity, occupational status, annual household income, religiosity, mother tongue, place of residence, type of accommodation, and constituency. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Finnish people entitled to vote in the 2007 parliamentary elections, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: Data collector(s): Taloustutkimus Data producer(s): Academy of Finland; Finnish Social Science Data Archive; Ministry of Justice; Advisory Council for Youth Affairs; The Society of Swedish Literature in Finland Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview, Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2007 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 400 variables and 1422 cases. Sampling procedure: Non-probability: Quota For the interviews of the Finnish-speaking respondents, the sample was drawn with the help of quota sampling, in which the quotas were based on age, gender and province of residence of the respondents. The interviews were conducted by using the starting point method. The first interview was conducted in a randomly selected starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next four households. In the interviews of the Swedish-speaking respondents, the quotas were not based on province; instead, they were based on constituency, because the interviews were only conducted in the constituencies where the number of Swedish-speaking people entitled to vote was significant (the consituencies of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland Proper, and Vaasa). In these constituencies, the interviews were further limited to the municipalities where the proportion of Swedish-speaking residents was significant. The selection was based on the information about the percentage of Swedish-speaking residents in Finnish municipalities, drawn from the Finlandssvenskarna 2002 report compiled by The Swedish Assembly of Finland (Folktinget). The quotas used in the interviews of the Swedish-speaking respondents were formed by ordering a random sample from the Finnish Population Register Centre. The size of the sample was ten times greater than the desired number of responses, and it contained altogether 3,000 names of Swedish-speaking people entitled to vote and living in the municipalities selected for the sample. The quotas in this sample were based on age, gender and constituencyspecific population distribution. Face-to-face interviews for the Finnish-speaking respondents were conducted 20 March - 23 April 2007 and for the Swedish-speaking respondents 1 April - 20 May The drop-off questionnaires were returned before 22 May

11 1.4. Use of data 1.4 Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Bengtsson, Åsa (2014). Kansanedustajien roolit ja kansalaisodotukset. Teoksessa: Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituksen ehdoilla (toim. Raunio, Tapio & Wiberg, Matti), Helsinki: Gaudeamus. Bengtsson, Åsa & Mattila, Mikko (2009). Direct Democracy and its Critics: Support for Direct Democracy and Stealth Democracy in Finland. West European Politics 32(5): Bengtsson, Åsa & Mattila, Mikko (2009). Suoran demokratian ja häivedemokratian kannatus Suomessa. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Bengtsson, Åsa & Serup Christensen, Henrik (2009). Politiskt deltagande i Finland. Politiikka 51(2): Bengtsson, Åsa & Wass, Hanna (2009). Äänestäjien edustusta koskevat odotukset. Politiikka 51(3): Bengtsson, Åsa & Wass, Hanna (2009). Kansalaisten edustusodotukset. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Bengtsson, Åsa & Wass, Hanna (2010). Styles of political representation: what do voters expect? Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties 20(1), DOI: / Bengtsson, Åsa & Wass, Hanna (2011). The representative roles of MPs: a citizen perspective. Scandinavian Political Studies 34(2), Berggren, Niclas & Jordahl, Henrik & Poutvaara, Panu (2011). The Right Look. Conservative Politicians Look Better and Their Voters Reward It. IZA Discussion Paper Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Borg, Sami (2008). Hiljaa hyvä tulee. Puheenvuoro äänestysprosenteista ja vaaliaktivoinnista. Helsinki: Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö. Polemia-sarja; 71. Borg, Sami (2008). Kansalaisten jäsenyys ja toiminta puolueissa. Teoksessa: Suomen puolueet ja puoluejärjestelmä (toim. Paloheimo, Heikki & Raunio, Tapio), Porvoo-Helsinki: WSOY Oppimateriaalit. Borg, Sami (2009). Nuorten poliittinen osallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Borg, Sami (2012). Perussuomalaiset. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Borg, Sami (2012). Valitsijoiden liikkuvuus eduskuntavaaleissa Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julka- 5

12 1. Study description isu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Borg, Sami & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina & Westinen, Jussi (2015). Demokratiaindikaattorit Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 56/ Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki (2009). Vaalipiirin koon vaikutus vaaliosallistumiseen. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Demokratiaindikaattorit Toim. Borg, Sami. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 52/2013. URN:ISBN: Elo, Kimmo & Rapeli, Lauri (2012). Politiikkatietämys ja poliittinen kiinnostus. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Federer-Shtayer, Hila (2012 ) Alignment, realignment and dealignment in multi-party systems: a conceptual and empirical study. Doctoral thesis. Institute of Political Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University. hdl:1887/18669 Garzia, D., De Angelis, A. & Pianzola, J. (2014). "The Impact of VAAs on Electoral Participation". In D. Garzia & S. Marschall (eds.), Matching Voters with Parties and Candidates. Voting Advice Applications in a Comparative Perspective. Colchester: ECPR Press. Giger, Nathalie & Holli, Anne Maria & Lefkofridi, Zoe & Wass, Hanna (2014). The gender gap in same-gender voting. The role of context. In: Electoral Studies 35(3), Grönlund, Kimmo (2009). Poliittinen tietämys. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Grönlund, Kimmo & Westinen, Jussi (2012). Puoluevalinta. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Han, Sung Min Income inequality, electoral systems and party polarisation, European Journal of Political Research 54(3): DOI: / Hart, Linda & Kovalainen, Anne & Holli, Anne Maria (2009). Gender and Power in Politics and Business in Finland. In: Kön och makt i Norden: Del I Landsrapporter (eds. Kirsti Niskanen & Anita Nyberg), Copenhagen: Nordiska ministerrådet. TemaNord 2009:569. Holli, Anne Maria & Wass, Hanna (2009). Sukupuoli ja äänestäminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Holli, Anne & Wass, Hanna (2010). Gender-based voting in the parliamentary elections of 2007 in Finland. European Journal of Political Research 49(5), DOI: /j x Karjalainen, Maija (2011). Kuuliaisia alamaisia ja demokratian ritareita. Suomalaisten asenteet ja demokratiakäsitykset perinteisen ja ei-perinteisen poliittisen osallistumisen taustalla. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Karvonen, Lauri (2009). Politiikan henkilöityminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tam- 6

13 1.4. Use of data pere University Press. Karvonen, Lauri (2010). The Personalization of Politics. A Study of Parliamentary Democracies. Colchester: ECPR Press. Karvonen, Lauri (2012). Att välja parti och att välja person. I Sphinx årsbok , Helsingfors: Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten. Karvonen, Lauri (2012). Ehdokasäänestäminen. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Karvonen, Lauri (2014). Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland. Politics under Fundamental Societal Transformation. Colchester. ECPR Press Paloheimo, Heikki (2008). Ideologiat ja ristiriitaulottuvuudet. Teoksessa: Suomen puolueet ja puoluejärjestelmä (toim. Paloheimo, Heikki & Raunio, Tapio), Porvoo-Helsinki: WSOY Oppimateriaalit. Paloheimo, Heikki (2009). Puoluejärjestelmän lohkeamat ja ristiriitaulottuvuudet. Teoksessa: Puolueiden tulevaisuus (toim. Rauli Mickelsson), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. - (Oikeusministeriön julkaisuja 2009: 6) Paloheimo, Heikki (2009). Suurten ikäluokkien diktatuuri. Teoksessa: Ajan särmä. Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta (toim. Paula Järvenpää, Mikko Lahtinen & Kaarle Nordenstreng), Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto Paloheimo, Heikki & Borg, Sami (2009). Eduskuntavaalit yleisödemokratian aikakaudella. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2009). Vaaliliitot eduskuntavaaleissa Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Papageorgiou, Achillefs (2010). Finnish Parties Positions in 2007: A Matter of Equilibrium or Voters Projection? Electoral Studies 29(4), doi: /j.electstud Papageorgiou, Achillefs (2010). Simulation Analysis of the Effect of Party Identification on Finnish Parties Optimal Positions. Scandinavian Political Studies 33(3), Papageorgiou, Achillefs (2011). Spatial model analysis of party policy strategies. Insights of deterministic and probabilistic voting with biased voters: Applications to Finland. Tampere: University of Tampere. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis; 1609/Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis; urn:isbn: Pikkala, Sari (2016). Naiset ja miehet äänestäjinä. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Quinlan, Stephen (2012). The Conundrum of Youth Turnout. A Cross-national Examination of Generational Processes. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin, IE. Doctoral Dissertation. Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Politiikkatietämyksen ajallinen vaihtelu Suomessa. Politiikka, 52(2), Rapeli, Lauri (2010). Tietääkö kansa? Kansalaisten politiikkatietämys teoreettisessa ja empi- 7

14 1. Study description irisessä tarkastelussa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Turun yliopiston julkaisuja. Sarja C;296. Rapeli, Lauri (2014). Eduskunta ja kansalaismielipide. Teoksessa: Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituksen ehdoilla (toim. Raunio, Tapio & Wiberg, Matti), Helsinki: Gaudeamus. Rapeli, Lauri & Borg, Sami (2016). Kiinnostavaa mutta monimutkaista. Tiedot, osallistuminen ja suhtautuminen vaikuttamiseen. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Ruusulaakso, Ari (2012). Miksi työtön ei äänestä? Tutkimus työttömien äänestämisestä vuosien 2003 ja 2007 eduskuntavaaleissa. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Yleisen valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Sharkansky, Mattan (2015). Prime Ministers Effect on Voting Behavior and on the Distribution of Resources. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester. Political Science Ph.D. Theses. Smets, Kaat (2013). De opkomstkloof tussen jong volwassenen en ouderen in nationale verkiezingen. Een vergelijkend onderzoek (The Age Gap in Voter Turnout Between Young Adults and Older Citizens in National Elections. A Comparative Study). Res Publica 55(1), Söderlund, Peter (2016). Kannastaan epävarmat ja liikkuvat äänestäjät. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Söderlund, Peter & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (2014). Economic Voting in Finland Before and After an Economic Crisis. Acta Politica 49, doi: /ap Strandberg, Kim (2009). Internet vaalikampanjassa - etulinjassa vai marginaalissa?. Teoksessa: Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (toim. Borg, Sami & Paloheimo, Heikki), Tampere: Tampere University Press. Strandberg, Kim (2016). Ehdokkaiden ja kansalaisten internetin ja sosiaalisen median poliittinen käyttö vuosien eduskuntavaaleissa. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Strandberg, Kim & Carlson, Tom (2017). Expanding the Online Political Demos but Maintaining the Status Quo? The Development of Finnish Voters Use of the Internet and Social Media Prior to Parliamentary Elections Scandinavian Political Studies 40(1), DOI: / Tiihonen, Aino (2015). Etujärjestöt, puolueet ja yhteiskuntaluokat Suomessa 2000-luvulla. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Politiikan tutkimuksen tutkinto-ohjelma. Pro gradu -tutkielma Tiihonen, Aino (2016). Etujärjestöjen, puolueiden ja äänestäjien väliset suhteet. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Vaalit yleisödemokratiassa. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2007 (2009). Toim. Borg, Sami & Palo- 8

15 1.4. Use of data heimo, Heikki. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Valovirta, Viljo (2009). Viestinnällistyneen politiikan verkko. Tutkimus puolueiden verkkokampanjoinnista eduskuntavaaleissa Tampereen yliopisto: Politiikan tutkimuksen laitos. Valtioopin pro gradu -tutkielma. von Schoultz, Åsa (2016). Puolueiden puheenjohtajien merkitys äänestyspäätöksen kannalta. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Wanamo, Markus (2015). Prospektiva och retrospektiva partibedömningars inverkan på väljarrörlighet. En studie av Finlands riksdagsval 2007 och Åbo: Åbo Akademi. Statskunskap. Pro Gradu. Wass, Hanna & Borg, Sami (2012). Äänestysaktiivisuus. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Westinen, J Cleavages - Dead and Gone? An Analysis of Cleavage Structure and Party Choice in Contemporary Finland. Scandinavian Political Studies, 38:3, DOI: / Westinen, Jussi (2011). Yhteiskunnallisten ristiriitaulottuvuuksien ja puoluevalinnan suhde eduskuntavaaleissa Tilastollinen analyysi. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Westinen, Jussi (2012). Keskustan vaalitappio - menetetyn kannatuksen taustatekijät. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Westinen, Jussi (2016). Puoluevalinta Suomessa 2000-luvulla. Teoksessa: Poliittisen osallistumisen eriytyminen. Eduskuntavaalitutkimus 2015 (toim. Grönlund, Kimmo & Wass, Hanna), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 28/ Westinen, Jussi & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (2015). Perusduunarit, vihervasemmisto ja porvarit: Suomalaisen äänestäjäkunnan jakautuminen ideologisiin blokkeihin vuoden 2011 eduskuntavaaleissa. Politiikka 57: 2, Zuber, Christina Isabel & Szöcsik, Edina (2015). Ethnic outbidding and nested competition. Explaining the extremism of ethnonational minority parties in Europe. European Journal of Political Research. Volume 54, Issue 4, pages , November DOI: / Updated list of publications in the study description at Related studies FSD2263 9

16 1. Study description Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting The data contain a weight variable matching the whole data according to the mother tongue distribution in the Finnish population. There is also a language weight variable for the dropoff questionnaire data. The weight variables drop the proportion of Swedish speakers to 5.5%, leaving Finnish speaker percentage as 94,5%, as these two mother tongue options were the only ones given in the study. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 10

17 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum 1.10 maximum 1.10 mean 1.10 standard deviation

18 2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level FSD processing level A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [A1] Face-to-face interview number Face-to-face interview number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum maximum (continued on next page) 12

19 A4_1 (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean standard deviation [A2] Interviewer id Interviewer id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [A3] Interviewer gender Interviewer gender Male Female [A4_1] Date of the interview: month Date of the interview: month Descriptive statistics 13

20 2. Variables statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum 3.00 maximum 5.00 mean 3.71 standard deviation 0.64 [A4_2] Date of the interview: day Date of the interview: day Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1422 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation 9.55 [K1] How interested are you in politics? How interested are you in politics? Very interested Somewhat interested Not very interested Not at all interested Can t say (spontaneous)

21 K2_3 [K2_1] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television debates and party leader interviews How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television debates and party leader interviews A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_2] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television news and current affairs programmes How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television news and current affairs programmes A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_3] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television entertainment programmes featuring politicians How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television entertainment programmes featuring politicians 15

22 2. Variables A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_4] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Radio programmes How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Radio programmes A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_5] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper articles How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper articles A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention (continued on next page) 16

23 K2_7 (cont. from previous page) Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_6] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Web news covering elections How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Web news covering elections A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_7] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Web sites of the candidates and political parties How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Web sites of the candidates and political parties A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) (continued on next page) 17

24 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [K2_8] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Online diaries and blogs How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Online diaries and blogs A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_9] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Candidate selectors on the Internet How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Candidate selectors on the Internet A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS)

25 K3 [K2_10] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television advertisements How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television advertisements A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K2_11] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper advertisements How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper advertisements A great deal of attention A fair amount of attention Only a little Paid no attention at all Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K3] How stable is your political party identification? How stable is your political party identification? 19

26 2. Variables Completely stable Fairly stable Not very stable Not at all stable Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K4] Which of the following groups would you say you belong to? Which of the following groups would you say you belong to? Finns in general Finnish-speaking Finns Swedish-speaking Finns Other ethnic or linguistic group Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K5] Which social class would you say you belong to? Which social class would you say you belong to? Working class Lower middle class Middle class Upper middle class Upper class No class Can t say

27 K7_2 [K6] How many different political parties have you voted for in parliamentary elections so far? How many different political parties have you voted for in parliamentary elections so far? Have always voted for candidates of one party Have voted for candidates of two or three different parties Have voted for candidates of four or more parties Have never voted Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K7_1] Did you vote in the previous elections: Parliamentary elections in 2003 Did you vote in the previous elections: Parliamentary elections in 2003 Did not vote Voted No right to vote (no franchise) Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K7_2] Did you vote in the previous elections: European parliament elections in 2004 Did you vote in the previous elections: European parliament elections in

28 2. Variables Did not vote Voted No right to vote (no franchise) Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K7_3] Did you vote in the previous elections: Municipal elections (local elections) in 2004 Did you vote in the previous elections: Municipal elections (local elections) in 2004 Did not vote Voted No right to vote (no franchise) Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K7_4] Did you vote in the previous elections: Presidential elections in 2006, first round Did you vote in the previous elections: Presidential elections in 2006, first round Did not vote Voted No right to vote (no franchise) Can t say (SPONTANEOUS)

29 K8_2 [K7_5] Did you vote in the previous elections: Presidential elections in 2006, second round Did you vote in the previous elections: Presidential elections in 2006, second round Did not vote Voted No right to vote (no franchise) Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K8_1] I think voting is a civic duty I think voting is a civic duty Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_2] It is people s own business whether they want to use their right to vote or not It is people s own business whether they want to use their right to vote or not 23

30 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_3] Democracy may have its problems but it is better than any other form of government Democracy may have its problems but it is better than any other form of government Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_4] Important national issues should more often be decided in a referendum Important national issues should more often be decided in a referendum Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say

31 K8_7 [K8_5] To support representative democracy, public debates on policy issues should be organised for ordinary people To support representative democracy, public debates on policy issues should be organised for ordinary people Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_6] I myself would like to attend public debates organised for ordinary people I myself would like to attend public debates organised for ordinary people Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_7] It is important to me that my party has a real chance of getting a candidate elected to Parliament in my constituency It is important to me that my party has a real chance of getting a candidate elected to Parliament in my constituency 25

32 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_8] It is important to me that my candidate has a real chance of getting elected to Parliament It is important to me that my candidate has a real chance of getting elected to Parliament Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_9] The MPs of my constituency do not have enough say in what the Government and Parliament decide The MPs of my constituency do not have enough say in what the Government and Parliament decide Strongly agree Agree Disagree (continued on next page) 26

33 K9_1 (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree Can t say [K8_10] Electoral alliances should not be allowed in parliamentary elections Electoral alliances should not be allowed in parliamentary elections Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Can t say [K9_1] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Write a letter to the editor Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Write a letter to the editor Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say

34 2. Variables [K9_2] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Contact political decision-makers on an issue Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Contact political decision-makers on an issue Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_3] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Sign a petition Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Sign a petition Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_4] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Involve myself in the activities of a political party Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Involve myself in the activities of a political party 28

35 K9_6 Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_5] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Involve myself in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organisation Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Involve myself in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organisation Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_6] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Try to enhance environmental protection through my consumer choices Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Try to enhance environmental protection through my consumer choices Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say

36 2. Variables [K9_7] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_8] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Join a consumer boycott Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Join a consumer boycott Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_9] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Participate in peaceful demonstrations Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Participate in peaceful demonstrations 30

37 K9_11 Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_10] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Demonstrate civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Demonstrate civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_11] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Participate in the kind of demonstrations that have previously involved violence Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Participate in the kind of demonstrations that have previously involved violence Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do (continued on next page) 31

38 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K9_12] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Use violence to reach political goals Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following: Use violence to reach political goals Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K10_1] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Sign a petition Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Sign a petition Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say

39 K10_4 [K10_2] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Contact political decision-makers Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Contact political decision-makers Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K10_3] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Discuss politics Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Discuss politics Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K10_4] Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Discuss other issues Have you done during the past four years or feel you might do any of the following on the Internet: Discuss other issues 33

40 2. Variables Have done over the past four years Have not done but might do Would not do under any circumstances Can t say [K11] How often do you use the Internet? How often do you use the Internet? Daily A few times a week About once a week Occasionally Not at all [K12] Are you at present or have you ever been an elected official in a municipal body? Are you at present or have you ever been an elected official in a municipal body? Yes, at present Not at present but have been previously No, have never been Can t say (SPONTANEOUS) [K13] Are you a member of any political party? Are you a member of any political party? 34

41 K16_1 Yes No but have been previously Have never been a member of any party [K14] Have you ever participated in the work of the support group of a candidate in parliamentary elections? Have you ever participated in the work of the support group of a candidate in parliamentary elections? Yes, in these elections Not in these elections but have previously No, never [K16_1] What kind of goals should members of parliament primarily promote? What kind of goals should members of parliament primarily promote? Goals set by their own party Goals they themselves see as most important Goals important to their constituency Goals of their voters Can t say (SPONTANEOUS)