FSD2628. EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes Codebook

Transcription

1 FSD2628 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2011 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2011 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :39: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2628 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) & Yhdyskuntatutkimus: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2011 [dataset]. Version 1.1 ( ). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2011 Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2011 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) Yhdyskuntatutkimus Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Kiljunen, Pentti (Yhdyskuntatutkimus) Date of deposit

8 1. Study description Keywords attitudes; economic policy; environmental policy; fiscal policy; government policy; occupational life; parliamentary elections; political persuasion; politics; social and welfare policy; taxation Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: social behaviour and attitudes Series description The data belong to the series: EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveys studying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. The series, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-up of change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes with questions repeated over the years. Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and politics, Finland s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity, and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried out by Yhdyskuntatutkimus. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes of corporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in this series have been repeated. Abstract The main themes of this survey were social welfare policy, taxation, political lobbying and influence, policies of the future government, candidate choice in the forthcoming parliamentary elections, and options for lengthening working lives in Finland. First, the respondents were asked whether they agreed with a number of statements relating to political decision-making, climate change, political parties, politics, economic and fiscal policy, Finnish economy, working life, NATO membership, welfare, entrepreneurship, national identity, etc. Opinions were charted on which tax rates (income tax, corporate tax, excise duty on alcoholic beverages, value-added tax rates etc) could be increased, kept at the same level or lowered. The respondents were also asked how they would rank Finland compared to other countries regarding a number of issues. The issues mentioned included, for instance, how well the political system, democracy and society on the whole work; material and mental well-being; the quality 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data of education, social security and public services; Finland s image; economic competitiveness; equality; safety; income differences; amount of corruption. The next set of questions probed views on how much certain bodies/operators (trade unions, employer organisations, public authorities, big businesses, the media, market forces, the EU, the EMU, lobby groups, voters etc) influenced political decisions in Finland and whether their influence was too great, appropriate or too low. Opinions were charted on what should be the focus areas for the future government (e.g. economy, employment, national debt, poverty, education, crime prevention, business environment, immigration). One theme pertained to the forthcoming parliamentary elections. The respondents were asked how important certain aspects were for their candidate choice. The aspects mentioned included, for instance, the candidate image, party, charisma, expertise, values, image given on the Internet or in the social media, the candidate s gender, age, honesty, verbal skills. Opinions were charted on what would be good methods for lenghtening people s working lives (e.g. restricting access to early retirement, raising retirement age, abolishing conscription, measures to shorten unemployment periods, immigration, restricting access to unemployment benefits etc). The survey also investigated attitudes to Finland s EU membership, change of currency to euro, and whether the EMU membership was a benefit or disadvantage to Finland in the economic situation at that time. Background variables included the respondent s gender, age group, basic and vocational education, size and type of the municipality of residence, industry of employment, region, economic activity and occupational status, trade union membership, self-perceived social class and the candidate of which political party R would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at that time. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: People aged between 18 and 70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: Data collector(s): Yhdyskuntatutkimus Data producer(s): Finnish Business and Policy Forum Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2011 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 189 variables and 1918 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage Random sampling from the Finnish population register (excluding the Åland Islands inhabi- 3

10 1. Study description tants). The sample was larger than in previous rounds, and less resources were allocated to follow-up procedures of non-respondents. Response rate cannot be given as there was no systematic follow-up. The sampling was stratified with one strata oversampling younger age groups. The sample is representative of the Finnish population in terms of basic demographic characteristics, social class and region. In terms of education, the highly educated were slightly overrepresented. 1.4 Use of data Related publications Apunen, Matti & Haavisto, Ilkka & Kallio, Johanna & Kangas, Olli & Kiljunen, Pentti & Niemelä, Mikko & Pernaa, Ville (2013). Politiikan sekahaku. Mitkä asiat yhdistävät ja erottavat puolueita [verkkodokumentti]? EVA Raportti. Helsinki: Taloustieto. [viitattu ]. Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti (2011). Maailman paras maa. EVAn kansallinen arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2011 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. paras-maa.pdf [viitattu ] Kilpi-Jakonen, E. (2015). Explaining temporal trends and regional variation in attitudes towards foreign workers: group conflict theory and Finland Research on Finnish Society, 8, Saari, Juho (2012) Onnellisuuspolitiikka. Kohti sosiaalisesti kestävää Suomea. Julkaisuja 1/2012. Helsinki: Kalevi Sorsan säätiö. Savolainen, Riikka (2015). Essays on Empirical Political Economics. Aalto University. Department of Economics. Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 171/ Suhonen, Pertti (2012). Mielipidekyselyt vaalijournalismissa. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. Updated list of publications in the study description at [Käytän ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit] Haavisto, Ilkka & Kiljunen, Pentti (2011). Maailman paras maa. EVAn kansallinen arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2011 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki: Taloustieto. paras-maa.pdf [viitattu ] Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive 4

11 1.4. Use of data Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 5

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13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1918 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1918 minimum 1.10 maximum 1.10 mean 1.10 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level FSD processing level A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1918 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me No party promotes issues that are important to me Strongly agree Agree Hard to say (continued on next page) 8

15 Q1_3 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_2] In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_3] The Finnish welfare state has to a large extent been dismantled already The Finnish welfare state has to a large extent been dismantled already Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 9

16 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q1_4] If entrepreneurs get richer, it is a good thing because the standard of living of other people will also improve at the same time If entrepreneurs get richer, it is a good thing because the standard of living of other people will also improve at the same time Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_5] Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase the level of spiritual distress in our country Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase the level of spiritual distress in our country Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS)

17 Q1_8 [Q1_6] Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now what kind of policies they would adopt after being elected Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now what kind of policies they would adopt after being elected Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_7] It is a privilege to be a Finn It is a privilege to be a Finn Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_8] Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures 11

18 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_10] The fact that our population is ageing and diminishing requires that Finland make immigration easier The fact that our population is ageing and diminishing requires that Finland make immigration easier Strongly agree (continued on next page) 12

19 Q1_12 (cont. from previous page) Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_11] The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_12] Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require Strongly agree Agree (continued on next page) 13

20 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_14] High income tax reduces my willingness to work High income tax reduces my willingness to work Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 14

21 Q1_16 (cont. from previous page) [Q1_15] If the Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit our society as a whole If the Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit our society as a whole Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_16] The debate on immigration is not outspoken enough in Finland nor frank about the problems immigration is causing The debate on immigration is not outspoken enough in Finland nor frank about the problems immigration is causing Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS)

22 2. Variables [Q1_17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decisionmaking more it would would benefit society as a whole If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more it would would benefit society as a whole Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_18] Increasing immigration of foreigners to Finland brings useful international influences Increasing immigration of foreigners to Finland brings useful international influences Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_19] I am satisfied with the public services Finnish society has provided for myself/my family I am satisfied with the public services Finnish society has provided for myself/my family 16

23 Q1_21 Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_20] In order to prosper in the future, Finland needs a clear long-term policy which is widely supported by different social groups In order to prosper in the future, Finland needs a clear long-term policy which is widely supported by different social groups Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_21] Economic growth is the only way to ensure continuous well-being of citizens Economic growth is the only way to ensure continuous well-being of citizens Strongly agree (continued on next page) 17

24 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_22] I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had more leisure time I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had more leisure time Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent Strongly agree Agree Hard to say (continued on next page) 18

25 Q1_25 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_24] Public welfare services and benefits should be targeted mainly at those most in need and the worst-off Public welfare services and benefits should be targeted mainly at those most in need and the worst-off Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_25] Too many restrictions are placed on economic and industrial activities on the grounds of nature conservation Too many restrictions are placed on economic and industrial activities on the grounds of nature conservation Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree (continued on next page) 19

26 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_26] The Finnish media covers social and political issues in a neutral and balanced manner so that the reporters /journalists own political allegiances do not affect the content of the articles/programs The Finnish media covers social and political issues in a neutral and balanced manner so that the reporters /journalists own political allegiances do not affect the content of the articles/programs Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_27] The Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever-increasing internationalisation The Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever-increasing internationalisation Strongly agree Agree Hard to say (continued on next page) 20

27 Q1_29 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_28] Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right political parties and politicians would get into power Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right political parties and politicians would get into power Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_29] People used to be happier than they are now People used to be happier than they are now Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [Q1_30] By aiming at continuous economic growth, mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself By aiming at continuous economic growth, mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_31] The Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion The Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS)

29 Q1_34 [Q1_32] Even though everyone should be provided with high quality basic education, there should be fee-paying special schools for talented children and adolescents Even though everyone should be provided with high quality basic education, there should be fee-paying special schools for talented children and adolescents Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_33] Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too large in our country Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too large in our country Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_34] Finland should join NATO Finland should join NATO 23

30 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_35] Taxes should, more than they do at present, encourage entrepreneurs to expand their companies and create new jobs in our country Taxes should, more than they do at present, encourage entrepreneurs to expand their companies and create new jobs in our country Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_36] I am interested in politics and follow it actively I am interested in politics and follow it actively Strongly agree Agree Hard to say (continued on next page) 24

31 Q1_38 (cont. from previous page) Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_37] Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_38] Nowadays, Finnish industry and businesses act responsibly in environmental matters Nowadays, Finnish industry and businesses act responsibly in environmental matters Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree (continued on next page) 25

32 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_39] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_40] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will burn out early People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will burn out early Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS)

33 Q1_43 [Q1_41] The Finnish media often treats politicians inappropriately and by its hostility lowers the appreciation of politics among citizens The Finnish media often treats politicians inappropriately and by its hostility lowers the appreciation of politics among citizens Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_42] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_43] Five years from now, many things will be better in Finland than they are at present Five years from now, many things will be better in Finland than they are at present 27

34 2. Variables Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_44] Welfare benefits are viewed as acquired rights and are used as a matter of course even by those who have no real need of them Welfare benefits are viewed as acquired rights and are used as a matter of course even by those who have no real need of them Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_45] Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that only a madman would want to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that only a madman would want to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job 28

35 Q1_47 Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_46] Finland is governed by an informal network of public officials and men in high places Finland is governed by an informal network of public officials and men in high places Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_47] Citizens and consumers benefit from free economic competition in the markets because it improves efficiency and reduces prices Citizens and consumers benefit from free economic competition in the markets because it improves efficiency and reduces prices Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree (continued on next page) 29

36 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_48] In the future, Finland s pension systems will become insolvent and the so-called already earnt pensions cannot be paid In the future, Finland s pension systems will become insolvent and the so-called already earnt pensions cannot be paid Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_49] Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we want more than before Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we want more than before Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree (continued on next page) 30

37 Q1_51 (cont. from previous page) Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_50] Ownership should be valued more than it is at present because without owners there would no jobs provided by enterprises Ownership should be valued more than it is at present because without owners there would no jobs provided by enterprises Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_51] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to feeling Finnish Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to feeling Finnish Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS)

38 2. Variables [Q1_52] Most of our country s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service production Most of our country s public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service production Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_53] The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_54] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values 32

39 Q1_56 Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_55] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens lack of influence Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens lack of influence Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_56] Nowadays, market economy functions for the benefit of all Finnish citizens Nowadays, market economy functions for the benefit of all Finnish citizens Strongly agree (continued on next page) 33

40 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q1_57] Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money Strongly agree Agree Hard to say Disagree Strongly disagree System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_1] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pensions) taxes should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pensions) taxes should be... Raised a lot Raised a little (continued on next page) 34

41 Q2_3 (cont. from previous page) Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_2] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Corporate income taxes should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Corporate income taxes should be... Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_3] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Capital income (investment income) taxes should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Capital income (investment income) taxes should be... Raised a lot (continued on next page) 35

42 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_4] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes should be... Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_5] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate) taxes should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate) taxes should be... 36

43 Q2_7 Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_6] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise duties on fuels should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise duties on fuels should be... Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_7] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic beverages should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic beverages should be... Raised a lot (continued on next page) 37

44 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_8] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-added tax, VAT) should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-added tax, VAT) should be... Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_9] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? VAT on food should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? VAT on food should be... Raised a lot (continued on next page) 38

45 Q3_1 (cont. from previous page) Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q2_10] Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collected total tax revenues, should be... Would you want to change Finland s present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collected total tax revenues, should be... Raised a lot Raised a little Kept at present level Lowered a little Lowered a lot Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_1] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The way the political system and democracy works Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The way the political system and democracy works 39

46 2. Variables At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_2] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well society works on the whole Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well society works on the whole At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_3] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of material well-being Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of material well-being 40

47 Q3_5 At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_4] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of mental well-being/people s level of happiness Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of mental well-being/people s level of happiness At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_5] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of basic education Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of basic education 41

48 2. Variables At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_6] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of science and research Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of science and research At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_7] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Competitive edge and operational conditions of Finnish enterprises Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Competitive edge and operational conditions of Finnish enterprises 42

49 Q3_9 At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_8] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Functionality of working life, status and rights of employees Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Functionality of working life, status and rights of employees At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_9] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Guaranteeing freedom of speech and other basic rights Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Guaranteeing freedom of speech and other basic rights 43

50 2. Variables At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_10] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Safety of society Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Safety of society At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_11] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of equality between citizens Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of equality between citizens 44

51 Q3_13 At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_12] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of income and well-being disparity Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of income and well-being disparity At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_13] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of social security and public services Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of social security and public services 45

52 2. Variables At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_14] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of health care services and citizens state of health Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of health care services and citizens state of health At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_15] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of corruption Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of corruption 46

53 Q3_17 At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_16] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well-known our country is in the world/in other countries Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well-known our country is in the world/in other countries At the top (alone or with other countries) Near the top A little further away from the top Long away from the top At the bottom of the list Can t say System missing (SYSMIS) [Q3_17] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The image/positive brand of Finland/ Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The image/positive brand of Finland/ 47