Notes. the British Empire, Vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959; R. J. Crampton, The Hollow Detente: Anglo-German Relations

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1 Notes 1 Detente: Context and Theory 1. Kenneth Dyson, ed., European Detente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986, p. ix; The reference from the Siiddeutsche Reichscorrespondenz is included in an article in The Times (London), 17 August 1908, p See, for example, Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914, Vol. 1, London: Oxford University Press, 1952; Cambridge History of the British Empire, Vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959; R. J. Crampton, The Hollow Detente: Anglo-German Relations in the Balkans , London: George Prior, 1980; Fritz Fischer, World Power or Decline, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974; Michael Howard, "Empire, Race and War in pre-1914 Britain," History and Imagination: Essays in Honour of H. R. Trevor-Roper, London: Duckworth, 1981; James Joll, The Origins of the First World War, London: Longman, 1984; Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism , London: George Allen & Unwin, 1980; Paul M. Kennedy, Strategy and Diplomacy , London: Fontana, 1984; Paul M. Kennedy and Anthony Nicholls, eds, Nationalist and Racialist Movements in Britain and Ge17TIQ1f)l before 1914, London: Macmillan, 1977; Sean M. Lynn-Jones, "D~tente and Deterrence: Anglo-German Relations ," International Security, Summer 1986; Zara Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, London: Macmillan, 1977; E. L. Woodward, Great Britain and the German Navy, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Officials in the Johnson Administration discussed the term "d~tente," but they tended to do so as a description of a state of relations that did not at that time exist. See, for example, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, "Some Thoughts on the Conduct of Foreign Policy," 23 July 1964, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Volume 51, Number 1311, 10 August 1964, p. 1872; Under Secretary of State Nicholas deb. Katzenbach, "United States Relations With the Soviet Union," 21 April1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Volume 56, Number 1455, 15 May 1967, p Louisa Sue Hulett, Decade of Detente: Shifting Definitions and Denouement, Washington: University Press of America, 1982, p Kjell Goldmann, "D~tente: Domestic Politics as a Stabilizer of Foreign Policy", Research Monograph No. 48, Center for International Studies, Princeton University, 1984, pp Containment is explored very well elsewhere. See, for example, John 121

2 122 Notes to pp. 3-7 Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982; Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Vols 1-2, Washington: National Defense University Press, Nonetheless, it is important to understand containment as the basic framework out of which d~tente emerged. 7. John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction: The Evolution of Containment," in Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Washington: National Defense University Press, 1986, p Simon Serfaty cited in Alton Frye, "Inching Beyond Containment: D~tente, Entente, Condominium - and Orchestraint," in Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Washington: National Defense University Press, 1986, p George F. Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," reprinted in Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No.4, Spring 1987, p George F. Kennan, "Peaceful Coexistence: A Western View," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 38, No.2, January 1960, p George F. Kennan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct," reprinted in Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No.4, Spring 1987, p "Containment: 40 Years Later," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No.4, Spring 1987, pp John Lewis Gaddis, ''Introduction: The Evolution of Containment," in Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Washington: National Defense University Press, 1986, p Phil Williams, ~tente and U.S. Domestic Politics," International Affairs, 1985, p John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction: The Evolution of Containment," in Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Washington: National Defense University Press, 1986, p Richard H. Ullman, "Containment and the Shape of World Politics, ," in Terry L. Diebel and John Lewis Gaddis, eds, Containment: Concept and Policy, Washington: National Defense University Press, 1986, p For a related but different dichotomy, see Kenneth Dyson, ed., European Detente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986, p Kjell Goldmann, "D~tente: Domestic Politics as a Stabilizer of Foreign Policy", Research Monograph No. 48, Center for International Studies, Princeton University, 1984, p George F. Kennan, "Needed: A New American View of the U.S.S.R.," in Fred Warner Neal, ed., Detente or Debacle: Common Sense in U.S.-Saviet Relations, New York: W. W. Norton, 1979, pp. 31, 34.

3 Notes to pp The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Administrations: The Origins of Detente 1. "Containment: 40 Years Later," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No. 4, Summer 1987, pp A. W. DePorte, Europe Between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, p Walter Lippmann, "The Cold War," excerpts from a series of articles initially published in the New York Herald Tribune, reprinted in Foreign Affairs, Vol. 65, No.4, Summer 1987, pp Barton J. Bernstein, ''Walter Lippmann and the Early Cold War," in Thomas G. Paterson, ed., Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971, pp Ronald Radosh and Leonard P. Liggio, "Henry A. Wallace and the Open Door," in Thomas G. Paterson, ed., Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971, pp. 73, 76, Walter Lafeber, America, Russia, and the Cold War , New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967, p Ronald Radosh and Leonard P. Liggio, "Henry A. Wallace and the Open Door," in Thomas G. Paterson, ed., Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971, pp. 77, 80, Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, p John Foster Dulles, War or Peace, London: George G. Harrap & Company, 1950, p Richard Goold-Adarns, John Foster Dulles: A Reappraisal, Westport: Greenwood Press, 1962, pp. 5-6; Ronald W. Pruessen, John Foster Dulles: The Road to Power, New York: Free Press, 1982, p John Foster Dulles, War, Peace and Change, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1939, p John Foster Dulles, War, Peace and Change, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1939, pp. 56, 61, 63, 78, 86-88, 110, 112, John Foster Dulles, War, Peace and Change, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1939, pp. 147, John Foster Dulles, War, Peace and Change, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1939, p Dwight David Eisenhower, Peace with Justice, New York: Columbia University Press, 1961, p. 250; Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: The President, Vol. 2, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984, p. 445; Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 12 June 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 887, 25 June 1956, p. 1069; Secretary Dulles, "Problems Facing the United States and the Western World," 23 June 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 994, 14 July 1958, p.61.

4 124 Notes to pp President Eisenhower, Letter to Bulganin, 13 January 1958, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1958, p President Eisenhower, News Conference, 19 March 1953, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1953, pp. 104, Selected Speeches of Dwight David Eisenhower, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, pp Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 3 April 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 877, 16 April1956, pp President Eisenhower, Address to National Editorial Association, 22 June 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, p Selected Speeches of Dwight David Eisenhower, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, pp President Eisenhower, Speech before the United National General Assembly, 8 December 1953, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1953, pp Robert A. Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, p President Eisenhower, "Inaugural Address," 20 January 1953, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1953, p President Eisenhower, Remarks at Trinity College, Connecticut, 20 October 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, p Secretary Dulles, "Principles in Foreign Policy," 11 April 1955, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1826, 25 April 1955, p President Eisenhower, News Conference, 27 October 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, p Selected Speeches of Dwight David Eisenhower, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, p Secretary Dulles, "Disarmament: The United States Proposals," 22 July 1957, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, p Secretary Dulles, "Entering the Second Decade," Address to United Nations General Assembly, 22 September 1955 U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 849, 3 October 1955, p Secretary Dulles, "The Problem of Disarmament," Testimony to Subcommittee on Disarmament, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 29 February 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 872, 12 March 1956, p Secretary Dulles, "Challenge and Response in United States Policy," Foreign Affairs, October 1957, reprinted by Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958, p. 13; See also, Dwight David Eisenhower, Peace with Justice, New York: Columbia University Presss, 1961, pp ; Andrew H. Berding, Dulles on Diplomacy, Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Company, 1965, pp President Eisenhower, News Conference, 7 August 1957, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1957, p Secretary Dulles, "U.S. Responsibility - A Society of Consent," 20 October 1953, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 749, 2

5 Notes to pp November 1953, p. 588; Secretary Dulles, Address at loth Anniversary of United Nations, 24 June 1955, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 836, 4 July 1955, p. 9; Secretary Dulles, Report on Foreign Ministers Conference, 18 November 1955, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 857, 28 November 1955, p. 870; Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 28 February 1956, U.S. State Deparbnent Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 872, 12 March 1956, p President Eisenhower, News Conference, 30 June 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, pp ; President Eisenhower, News Conference, 4 December 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, p President Eisenhower, Radio and TV Address, 15 July 1955, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1955, p ; See also President Eisenhower, Statement at Geneva Conference, 18 July 1955, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1955, p Khrushchev emerged as the chief of the collective leadership that had replaced Malenkov in Robert A. Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, pp Michael A. Guhin, John Foster Dulles: A Statesman and his Times, New York: Columbia University Press, 1972, p Selected Speeches of Dwight David Eisenhower, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, pp. 52, 61; Secretary Dulles, Statement on Captive Peoples Resolution, 26 February 1953, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 715, 9 March 1953, p Secretary Dulles, "Dynamic Peace," 22 April1957, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957, pp Andrew H. Berding, Dulles on Diplomacy, Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Company, 1965, p Selected Speeches of Dwight David Eisenhower, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970, p President Eisenhower, Letter to Adenauer, 25 July 1953, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1953, p. 517; President Eisenhower, Address to the Carpenters and Joiners Association, 23 October 1956, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1956, p President Eisenhower, "State of the Union" Address, 7 January 1954, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1954, p Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 30 June 1953, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 733, 13 July 1953, p Andrew H. Berding, Dulles on Diplomacy, Princeton: D. Van Norstrand Company, 1965, pp President Eisenhower, Address to Republican National Committee, 6 May 1958, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1958, p. 384; Secretary Dulles, Statement on Captive Peoples Resolution, 26 February 1953, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 715, 9 March 1953, p. 373; Secretary Dulles, "The Task of Waging Peace,'' 27 October 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 906, 5 November

6 126 Notes to pp , p Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 15 May 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 34, No. 883, 28 May 1956, pp ; Secretary Dulles, "Dynamic Peace," 22 April 1957, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 932, 6 May 1957, p Secretary Dulles, TV Interview, 23 October 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 1011, 10 November 1958, p. 734; Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 28 October 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 1012, 17 November 1958, pp ; Secretary Dulles, "Principles and Policies in a Changing World," 18 November 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 1015, 8 December 1958, p Secretary Dulles, "Progress and Human Dignity," 13 November 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 1014, 1 December 1958, p. 866; Secretary Dulles, "Policy for the Far East," 4 December 1958, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 39, No. 1017, 22 December 1958, p Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Waging Peace, , London: Heinemann, 1965, p Secretary Dulles, "Morals and Power," 16 June 1953, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 731, 29 June 1953, p. 897; Secretary Dulles, "The Task of Waging Peace," 27 October 1956, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 35, No. 906, 5 November 1956, p Dwight David Eisenhower, Peace with Justice, New York: Columbia University Presss, 1961, p Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Waging Peace, , London: Heinemann, 1965, p Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 16 July 1957, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 945, 5 August 1957, pp President Eisenhower, "Statements at Paris NATO Meetings," 16 December 1957, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958, pp Secretary Dulles, "The Rationale of American Foreign Policy," Testimony to Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 6 June 1958, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1958, p Secretary Dulles, News Conference, 29 October 1957, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 960, 18 November 1957, p Secretary Dulles, cited in Michael A. Guhin, John Foster Dulles: A Statesman and his Times, New York: Columbia University Press, 1972, p Michael A. Guhin, John Foster Dulles: A Statesman and his Times, New York: Columbia University Press, 1972, p Robert A. Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, pp Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Waging Peace,

7 Notes to pp , London: Heinemann, 1965, p Robert A. Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, p Secretary Herter, 13 August 1959, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1053,31 August, 1959, p. 305; Secretary Herter, "Peaceful Change," 17 September 1959, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1058, pp ; Secretary Herter, "The Survival of Freedom," 16 November 1959, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1067, 7 December 1959, p. 819; Secretary Herter, "National Security with Arms Limitation," 18 February 1960, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 1080, 7 March 1960, p. 357; Secretary Herter, "Year of Progress Toward Peace," U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 1087, 25 April1960, p. 637; Secretary Herter, "The University and the World Community," 8 June 1960, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 1096, 27 June 1960, p See, for example, President John F. Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p. 3; Secretary Dean Rusk, "The Age of the Rights of Man," 12 October 1963, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1270, 28 October 1963, pp ; Counselor Walt W. Rostow, NET TV Interview, 21 September 1962, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 1216, 15 October 1962, p. 557; Special Assistant to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs Theodore C. Achilles, "Peaceful Coexistence and U.S. National Security," 2 February 1962, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 46, No. 1183, 26 February 1962, p John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace, New York: Harper & Row, 1960, p John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace, New York: Harper & Row, 1960, p President Kennedy, News Conference, 8 February 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1961, pp ; President Kennedy, Address to Convention of National Association of Broadcasters, 8 May 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1961, p President Kennedy, "State of the Union," 30 January 1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1129, 13 February 1961, pp. 207, President Kennedy, To Tum the Tide, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1962, p President Kennedy, "Where We Stand," life Magazine Article, 16 January 1963, reprinted in Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p. 20; See also, President Kennedy, Address in Salt Lake City, 26 September 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p President-Elect Kennedy, Memorandum to Secretary of Defense Designate McNamara, December 1960, cited in Theodore C. Sorenson, Kennedy, New York: Harper & Row, 1965, p. 603.

8 128 Notes to pp President Kennedy, Special Message to Congress on the Defense Budget, 28 March 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1961, p President Kennedy, "The Lessons of Cuba," 20 April1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1141, 8 May 1961, p President Kennedy, "Inaugural Address,'' 20 January 1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1128, 6 February 1961, p President Kennedy, "Diplomacy and Defense: A Test of National Maturity,'' 16 November 1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 1171, 4 December 1961, p Secretary Rusk, BBC Interview, 6 March 1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1135, 27 March 1961, pp See, for example, Kennedy's comments on 24 April1962 concerning the danger a Communist success in Laos would pose for the rest of Southeast Asia. The Kennedy Press Conferences, London: Heydon, 1978, p President Kennedy, Comments on Return from Europe, 6 June 1961, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1148, 26 June 1961, p President Kennedy, News Conference, 21 March 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace, New York: Harper & Row, 1960, pp John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace, New York: Harper & Row, 1960, pp President Kennedy, Address at West Point, 6 June 1962, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1962, p Theodore C. Sorenson, Kennedy, New York: Harper & Row, 1965, pp Theodore C. Sorenson, Kennedy, New York: Harper & Row, 1965, pp President Kennedy, To Tum the Tide, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1962, pp. 10, President Kennedy, Letter to Congress on Establishment of Disarmament Agency, 29 June 1961, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1961, p President Kennedy, Letter to Khrushchev, 12 February 1962, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1962, pp Mr. McGeorge Bundy, Address at John K. Kennedy School of Government, October President Kennedy, Interview with Group of Seven Newspapers, 1 August 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p Secretary Rusk, ''CBS Reports,'' 28 November 1962, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 1225, 17 December 1962, pp. 911, Secretary Rusk, "Today Show," 21 January 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 1233, 11 February 1963, p. 204.

9 Notes to pp Richard J. Barnet, The Giants: Russia and America, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p President Kennedy, "Strength for Peace and Strength for War," 19 October 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1271, 4 November 1963, p President Kennedy, "The Nuclear Test Ban: A Step Toward Peace," 26 July 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1259, 12 August 1963, p Secretary Rusk, Press Conference, 2 February 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 48, No. 1234, 18 February 1963, p. 240; Secretary Rusk, NBC Interview, 28 July 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1259, 12 August 1963, p. 240; Secretary Rusk, "The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: Symbol of a New Course," 12 August 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1262, 2 September 1963, p. 356; Theodore C. Sorenson, Kennedy, New York: Harper & Row, 1965, pp President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p Secretary Rusk, "Charter Day Address," 20 March 1961, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 44, No. 1137, 10 April 1961, p President Kennedy, "Toward a Strategy of Peace," 10 June 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1254, 1 July 1963, p. 3; President Kennedy, "New Opportunities in the Search for Peace," 20 September 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1267, 7 October 1963, p Secretary Rusk, "Basic Issues Underlying the Present Crisis," 20 November 1962, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 1224, 10 December 1962, p Counselor Rostow, "United States Tasks on the World Scene," 20 November 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1277, 16 December 1963, p President Kennedy, "New Opportunities in the Search for Peace," 20 September 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1267, 7 October 1963, p. 532; Counselor Rostow, "United States Tasks on the World Scene," 20 November 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1277, 16 December 1963, p. 928.

10 130 Notes to pp Secretary Rusk, "Winning a Worldwide Victory for Freedom," 13 August 1962, U.S. Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 1210, 3 September 1962, p President Kennedy, "Strength for Peace and Strength for War," 19 October 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1271, 4 November 1963, p President Kennedy, "Strength for Peace and Strength for War,'' 19 October 1963, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 49, No. 1271, 4 November 1963, p Tom Wicker, JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality upon Politics, New York: Penguin Books, 1964, pp. 164, Tom Wicker, JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality upon Politics, New York: Penguin Books, 1964, pp ; President Johnson, Address at Coast Guard Academy, 3 June 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p President Johnson, Address at National Cathedral School, 1 June 1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p. 600; President Johnson, Address in Baltimore, 22 April 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 451; President Johnson, Address at American Legion Convention, 30 August 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p President Johnson, "The State of the Union,'' 8 January 1964, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 1283, 27 January 1964, p. 111; Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, "Security in the Contemporary World,'' 18 May 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1406, 6 June 1966, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971, pp Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971, pp President Johnson, Address at Vietnam Civilian Service Awards Ceremony, 16 August 1967, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1967, p. 781; See also President Johnson, Address in Oklahoma, 25 September 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p. 1126; President Johnson, News Conference, 4 February 1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p President Johnson, "Two Threats to Peace: Hunger and Aggression,'' 30 June 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1413, 25 July 1966, p President Johnson, "The U.S. Commitment to Peace - A Shield for Threatened Nations,'' 4 December 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 1487, 25 December 1967, p President Johnson, News Conference, 27 April1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p. 449; President Johnson, News Conference, 28

11 Notes to p July 1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p. 794; President Johnson, Address at Chicago Democratic dinner, 17 May 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 518; President Johnson, Statement in Korea, 1 November 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p President Lyndon B. Johnson, "We Will Stand in Viet-Nam," 28 July 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 53, No. 1364, 16 August 1965, p. 263; Secretary Rusk, "Guidelines of U.S. Foreign Policy," 6 June 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 1357, 28 June 1965, p. 1032; Secretary Rusk, ''Organizing the Peace for Man's Survival," 24 May 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1407, 13 June 1966, p President Johnson, "The Peace of Mankind," 3 June 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 1357, 228 June 1965, p President Johnson, Address at National Farmers Union, 18 March 1968, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1968, p President Johnson, "Tragedy, Disappointment, and Progress in Vietnam," 17 April1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p President Johnson, "Peace without Conquest," 7 April 1965, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965, p. 395; Secretary of Defense McNamara, CBS Interview, 9 August 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 53, No. 1366, 30 August 1965, p Statements of this sort were central to the Johnson Administration's foreign policy discourse. See, for example, President Johnson, Address in Honolulu, 6 February 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 150; President Johnson, "Viet-Nam: The Struggle to be Free," 23 February 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1394, 14 March 1966, p. 395; President Johnson, Address at Congressional Dinner, 12 May 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 504; President Johnson, Address at Chicago Democratic Dinner, 17 May 1966 Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, pp ; President Johnson, Address to State Legislative Leaders, 16 June 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 620; President Johnson, Address in Indianapolis, 23 July 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 762; President Johnson, Address in Oklahoma, 26 August 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p. 919; President Johnson, "The State of the Union," 16 January 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1440, 30 January 1967, p. 161; President Johnson, Letter to Former President Truman on Twentieth Anniversary of Truman Doctrine, 11 March 1967, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1967, p. 317; President Johnson, Address to Jewish Labor Committee, 9 November 1967, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1967, p. 1009; Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p. 147;

12 132 Notes to pp Secretary Rusk, "Keeping our Commitment to Peace," 14 March 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1397, 4 April 1966, pp ; Secretary Rusk, "The Central Purpose of the United States Foreign Policy," 5 August 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 1470, 28 August 1967, p. 255; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Eugene V. Rostow, "Limited War and Limited Peace," 11 October 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1533, 11 November 1968, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, pp President Johnson, Address in Idaho, 22 August 1966, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1966, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p President Johnson, Interview with Networks, 19 December 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 1489, 8 January 1968, p Ambassador Harriman, "The U.S. and Eastern Europe in Perspective," 29 April 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1457, 29 May 1967, pp President Johnson, Interview with Networks, 19 December 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 1489, 8 January 1968, p. 37; Secretary Rusk, Press Conference, 21 January 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1389, 7 February 1966, p President Johnson, Address to Joint Session of Congress, 27 November 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p. 8; President Johnson, Remarks at Department of State, 5 December 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p. 28; President Johnson, Remarks to Diplomatic Corps, 13 December 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p. 51; President Johnson, News Conference, 18 December 1963, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1963, p. 71; President Johnson, Address at Miami Beach, 27 February 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p. 319; President Johnson, News Conference, 18 July 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p. 869; President Johnson, Remarks Proclaiming 1965 International Cooperation Year, 2 October 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany George McGhee, "East-West Relations Today," 18 February 1964, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 1293, 30 March 1964, p. 492; Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs Joseph J. Sisco, "The U.N.: An Arena for Peaceful East-West Engagement," 24 February 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1447, 20 March 1967, p. 463; Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency William C. Foster, "Statement on Nonproliferation Treaty," 24 August

13 Notes to pp , U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 1472, 11 September 1967, p President Johnson, Remarks to IRS Officials, 11 February 1964, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1964, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, pp ; President Johnson, A Time For Action: A Selection of Speeches and Writings, , New York: Atheneum, 1964, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p President Johnson, Statement on Trade, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1404, 23 May 1966, p Philip Windsor, Germany and the Management of Detente, London: Chatto & Windus, 1971, p It is interesting to note that Britain, which urged movement toward d~tente in the 1950s, played no major role in its development in the 1960s and 1970s. See Phil Williams, "Britain, D~tente, and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe," in Kenneth Dyson, ed., European Detente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986, pp Josef Korbel, Detente in Europe: Real of Imaginary?, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, p Philip Cerny and Jolyon Howorth, ''National Independence and Atlanticism: The Dialectic of French Policies," in Kenneth Dyson, ed., European Detente: Case Studies of the Politics of East-West Relations, London: Frances Pinter, 1986, pp. 199, Josef Korbel, Detente in Europe: Real of Imaginary?, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, p Philip Windsor, Germany and the Management of Detente, London: Chatto & Windus, 1971, pp ; Josef Korbel, Detente in Europe: Real of Imaginary?, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, pp , Philip Windsor, Germany and the Management of Detente, London: Chatto & Windus, 1971, pp ; Josef Korbel, Detente in Europe: Real of Imaginary?, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972, p A.W. DePorte, Europe between the Superpowers: The Enduring Balance, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, p Secretary Rusk, "The Goal of a Reliable Peace: A Survey of Free World Progress," 22 August 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1420, 12 September 1966, p. 366; Ambassador McGhee, "Eastern Europe: A Region in Ferment," U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1325, 16 November 1964, p President Johnson, ''Making Europe Whole: An Unfinished Task," 7 October 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1425, 24 October 1966, pp ; Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point:

14 134 Notes to pp Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, p Under Secretary Rostow, "Peace: The Central Task of Foreign Policy," 8 June 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 53, No. 1358,5 July 1965, p President Johnson, "Making Europe Whole: Un Unfinished Task," 7 October 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1425, 24 October 1966, p. 625; Secretary Rusk, German TV Interview, 12 February 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1443, 20 February 1967, p. 362; Ambassador McGhee, "German Eastern Policy - and Reunification," 17 June 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1515, 8 July 1968, p Secretary Rusk, Press Conference, 7 February 1964, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 50, No. 1287, 24 February 1964, pp ; Under Secretary Rostow, "Limited War and Limited Peace," 11 October 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1533, 11 November 1968, p President Johnson, America Illustrated Interview, September 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1425, 17 October 1966, p President Johnson, "The Search for Agreements in the Cause of Peace," 26 August 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1421, 19 September 1966, p President Johnson, "Return to Glassboro," 4 June 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 1513, 24 June 1968, p. 815; U.S. Permanent Representative on the NATO Council Harlan Cleveland, "The Political Phase of NATO," U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 55, No. 1419, 5 September 1966, p. 342; Deputy Under Secretary for Political Affairs Foy D. Kohler, "East-West Relations: Shaping a Stable World," 11 December 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1436, 2 January 1967, p Secretary of Defense McNamara, "Security in the Contemporary World," 18 May 1966, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 1406, 6 June 1966, p. 875; Secretary of Defense McNamara, Comments on Risks of Anti-Ballistic-Missile System, 15 February 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 1447, 20 March 1967, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, pp President Johnson, Toast to Kosygin, 23 June 1967, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1967, pp For an early example of this development, see Director William C. Foster, "Arms Control- Foundation Stone in the Ramparts We Watch," 31 March 1965, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 1349, 3 May 1965, p On 30 January 1968, the VietCong launched the Tet offensive. While

15 Notes to pp arguably a military defeat for the attacking forces, this action had a devastating effect on the American public's support for U.S. involvement in Vietnam. In light of these developments, Johnson announced on 31 March 1968 his decision not to run for reelection PresidentJohnson, News Conference, 6 September 1968, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1968, p. 930; Secretary Rusk, Press Conference, 21 August 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1524, 9 September 1968, p. 262; Under Secretary Rostow, "Limited War and Limited Peace,'' 11 October 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1533, 11 November 1968, p Secretary Rusk, "Some Myths and Misconceptions About U.S. Foreign Policy,'' 12 September 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1528, 7 October 1968, p. 350; Secretary Rusk, "The Rights of Men and Nations," 2 October 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1530, 21 October 1968, p See also Paul Keal, Unspoken Rules and Superpower Dominance, London: Macmillan, 1983, p President Johnson, "Encouraging the Rule of Reason in Eastern Europe and the Middle East,'' 10 September 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1528, 7 October 1968, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, pp. 486, President Johnson, "Encouraging the Rule of Reason in Eastern Europe and the Middle East,'' 10 September 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1528, 7 October 1968, p Secretary Rusk, "The Rights of Men and Nations," 2 October 1968, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 59, No. 1530, 21 October 1968, p Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, , London: Weidenfeld &Nicolson, 1971, pp President Johnson, "The Spirit ofhollybush," 23 June 1967, U.S. State Department Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 1463, 10 July 1967, p The Nixon and Ford Administrations: The Unfolding of Detente 1. See, for example, Coral Bell, The Diplomacy of Detente: The Kissinger Era, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977; Peter W. Dickson, Kissinger and the Meaning of History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978; Stephen R. Graubaud, Kissinger: Portrait of a Mind, New York: W. W. Norton, 1973; Bruce Mazlish, Kissinger, New York: Basic Books, 1976; Stanley Hoffmann, Primacy or World Order, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978; Marvin Kalb and Bernard Kalb, Kissinger, Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1974; Jonathan Schell, Time of Illusion, New York: Knopf, 1976; Leon Sobel, ed., Kissinger and Detente, New York: Facts on File, 1975; Tad Szulc, The Illusion of Peace: Foreign Policy in the Nixon Years, New York: Viking, 1978.

16 136 Notes to pp Nixon's view of the role of this House Committee was particularly ironic in light of the later Watergate investigation. The Hiss case, Nixon stated, "demonstrated the need for congressional investigatory bodies... which could expose such laxity and, with the help of mobilized public opinion, could force the Executive branch to adopt policies adequate for dealing with the problem." In defending himself against such investigations, however, Nixon cited Truman's exercise of "executive privilege" against such bodies as a precedent. Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962, p. 63; Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, p Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962, p Richard M. Nixon, Address to Soviet Population, July 1959, cited in Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, pp Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962, p Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962, p Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, p Richard M. Nixon, Address at Bohemian Grove, California, July 1967, cited in Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, p Richard M. Nixon, Memoirs, London: Arrow Books, 1978, pp Richard M. Nixon, "Asia After Vietnam," Foreign Affairs, October 1967, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp (emphasis added). 11. RichardM. Nixon, The Challenges We Face, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960, pp. 3, 46, Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962, p Richard M. Nixon, The Challenges We Face, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960, p RichardM. Nixon, The Challenges We Face, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960, p Richard M. Nixon, "Asia After Vietnam," Foreign Affairs, October 1967, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp Richard M. Nixon, "Asia After Vietnam," Foreign Affairs, October 1967, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp RichardM. Nixon, The Challenges We Face, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960, p Richard M. Nixon, The Challenges We Face, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, "The Meaning of History," Unpublished Harvard University Undergraduate Thesis, 1950, pp Peter W. Dickson, Kissinger and the Meaning of History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Friedrich Kant, "Eternal Peace," Th.e Philosophy of Kant, p. 454; cited in Henry A. Kissinger, "The Meaning of History," Unpublished Harvard University Undergraduate Thesis, 1950, p Henry A. Kissinger, "The Meaning of History," Unpublished Harvard University Undergraduate Thesis, 1950, p. 23.

17 Notes to pp Henry A. Kissinger, "The Meaning of History," Unpublished Harvard University Undergraduate Thesis, 1950, pp Peter W. Dickson, Kissinger and the Meaning of History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978, pp Henry A. Kissinger, "The Meaning of History," Unpublished Harvard University Undergraduate Thesis, 1950, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Robert S. Litwak, Detente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Stanley Hoffmann, Primacy or World Order: American Foreign Policy since the Cold War, New York: McGraw Hill, 1978, p Robert S. Litwak, Detente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, p Robert S. Litwak, Detente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, pp. I, Stanley Hoffmann, Primacy or World Order: American Foreign Policy since the Cold War, New York: McGraw Hill, 1978, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Bruce Mazlish, Kissinger: The European Mind, New York: Basic Books, 1976, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, A World Restored: Mettemich, Castlereagh, and

18 138 Notes to pp the Problems of Peace, , London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1957, p Stanley Hoffmann, Primacy or World Order: American Foreign Policy since the Cold War, New York: McGraw Hill, 1978, pp. 70, In addition to a number of important articles, see the following books by Henry A. Kissinger: Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1957; The Necessity/or Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960; The Troubled Partnership: A Re-appraisal of the Atlantic Alliance, New York: McGraw Hill, 1965; American Foreign Policy, New York: W. W. Norton, It was not the product of Kissinger's efforts alone, but rather the outgrowth of discussions held by a Council on Foreign Relations study group for which Kissinger served as rapporteur. Based upon a series of wide-ranging, disparate discussions, Kissinger was given the opportunity to compile some of the important themes and conclusions. In putting his own imprimatur on the study, Kissinger was catapulted from relative obscurity to national attention. 44. Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Troubled Partnership: A Re-appraisal of the Atlantic Alliance, New York: McGraw Hill, 1965, pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, pp

19 Notes to pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, pp Henry A. Kissinger, American Foreign Policy (published initially in 1969), New York: W. W. Norton, 1974, pp Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, pp. 336, See, for example, Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, pp. 204, , 219, , Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, pp. 213, 285, Henry A. Kissinger, The Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy, London: Chatto & Windus, 1960, p Henry A. Kissinger, The Troubled Parmership: A Re-appraisal of the Atlantic Alliance, New York: McGraw Hill, 1965, pp See, for example, Robert S. Litwak, Detente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Stanley Hoffmann, Primacy or World Order: American Foreign Policy since the Cold War, New York: McGraw Hill, 1978, pp President Nixon, Remarks at Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony, 16 December 1969, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1979, p President Nixon, TV Foreign Policy Discussion, 1 July 1970, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1970, p President Nixon, Address in Lorna Linda, California, 20 August 1971, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1971, p RobertS. Litwak, Detente and the Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the Pursuit of Stability, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, p President Nixon, Discussion with Media representatives on Guam, 25 July 1969, Public Papers of the Presidents, 1969, p. 549; President Nixon, TV Address, 3 November 1969, Public Papers of the Presi-